HomeMy WebLinkAboutresolution.council.038-12 RESOLUTION # 3 5
(Series of 2012)
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF ASPEN,
COLORADO, ADOPTING AN EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
WHEREAS, the City of Aspen may be at risk from a variety of natural
or human caused hazards, such as wildfire, winter storms, seasonal flooding,
and accidental or criminal incidents, and
WHEREAS, the City of Aspen wishes to be as prepared as possible to
deal with such events in order to minimize loss of life and damage to property,
and
WHEREAS, Title 24, Article 32, Part 2107, Colorado Revised Statutes,
also known as the "Colorado Disaster Act" of 1992, stipulates that each City
shall be subject to its County's emergency operations plan unless that City has
adopted its own emergency management plan, and
WHEREAS, in the interests of sharing and maximizing resources, and in
coordination of emergency response, the City of Aspen wishes to be integrally
involved in the development, maintenance and implementation of the Pitkin
County Emergency Operations Plan,
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL
OF THE CITY OF ASPEN, COLORADO,
The City Council of the City of Aspen hereby approves and adopts the
Pitkin County Emergency Operations Plan appended hereto as Attachment A.
INTRODUCED, READ AND ADOPTED by the City Council of the
City of Aspen on the R341 day of April, 2012.
—71V40/ f
Michael C Ireland, Mayor
I, Kathryn S. Koch, duly appointed and acting City Clerk do certify
that the foregoing is a true and accurate copy of that resolution adopted by
the City Council of the City of Aspen, Colorado, at a meeting held oon
2012
��.�<a-
Kathryn S. eh, City Clerk
TKIN
7CouNtit
EMERGENCY
OPERATIONS PLAN
(Update)
January 2012
•
Pitkin County EOP(Revision)
2 October 2011
PITKIN COUNTY EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
The Pitkin County Emergency Operations Plan is an all-discipline, all-hazards plan that
establishes a single, comprehensive framework for the management of domestic -_
incidents. It provides the structure and mechanisms for the coordination of local support
as well as coordination with State and Federal agencies. The Pitkin County Emergency
Operations Plan is important in the mission of reducing the vulnerability to all natural and
manmade hazards;minimizing the damage,and assisting in the recovery from any type of
incident that occurs.
The Pitkin County Emergency Operations Plan consists of the components depicted on
the following pages.
Base Plan:
Describes the structure and processes comprising a countywide approach to incident
management designed to integrate the efforts and resources of local government,private-
sector,and nongovernmental organizations.The Base Plan includes planning
assumptions,roles and responsibilities,concept of operations,incident management
actions,and plan maintenance instructions.
Emergency Support Function(ESF)Annexes:
Details the missions,policies,structures, and responsibilities of local agencies for
coordinating resource and programmatic support to local agencies or other jurisdictions
and entities during incidents. The introduction to the ESF Annexes summarizes the
functions of ESF coordinators and primary and support agencies. The chart on page 10
provides a summary of the scope of each ESP.
Supporting Documents Appendices:
Provide other relevant,more detailed supporting information,including terms,
definitions,acronyms,authorities, and a compendium of interagency plans.
Pitkin County BOP(Revision)
3 October 2011.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision)
4 October 2011
Contents
9
Purpose 90
Key Concepts 11
Planning Assumptions and Considerations 13
Colorado Disaster Act of 1992 Provisions(C.R.S.24-32-2107 14
C.R.S.24-32-2109.Local Disaster Emergencies 16
Roles and Responsibilities 20
Plan Maintenance 20
Emergency Support Functions and Scope 23
Responsibilities 24
Citizen Involvement 24
Concept of Operations 26
Pitkin County Emergency Operations Center(EOC) 28
National Incident Management System(NIMS)Framework 29
Emergency Support Function(ESF)Coordinator
31
Emergency Support Function Matrix
Emergency Support Function#1 —Transportation Annex
33
Emergency Support Function#2—Comm 39
Annex
Emergency Support Function#3—Public Works and Engineering Annex 49
45
Emergency Support Function#4—Firefighting Annex 53
Emergency Support Function#5—Emergency Management Annex
Emergency Support Function#6—Mass Care,Housing,and Human Services Annex 59
Emergency Support Function#7—Resource Support Annex
Emergency Support Function#8—Public Health and Medical Annex
73
Emergency Support Function#9—Search and Rescue Annex 81 83
Emergency Support Function#10—Hazardous Materials Annex
Emergency Support Function#11 —Agriculture Annex 83
87
Emergency Support Function#12—Energy and Public Utilities Annex
Emergency Support Function#13—Public Safety and Security Annex
93
Emergency Support Function#14—Community Recovery and Mitigation Annex 95
• Emergency Support Function#15—External Affairs Annex
Pitkin County
ROP(Revision) 5 October 2011
Pitkin County EoP(Revision)
6 October 2011
List of Appendices
Appendix A—Acronyms,Abbreviations,and Terms
Appendix B—Overview of Colorado Disaster.Act 1992
Appendix C—Emergency Operations Center(EOC)Plan
Appendix D—Colorado State Emergency Resources Mobilization Plan
Appendix E—Annual Operating Plan for Wildfires
Appendix F—Public Health Plans(Pandemic Flu, etc.)
Appendix G—City of Aspen Energy Assurance Plan
Appendices may be created,revised and adopted independent of the base plan.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision)
October 2011
Pitkin County BOP(Revision) 8 October 2011
Purpose
Emergency Management/Homeland The purpose of the Pitkin County
Security Structure Emergency Operations Plan(EOP)is to
establish a comprehensive,countywide,
Preparedness * ideation&
revention all-hazards approach to incident
management across a spectrum of
kiiiSc)c activities including prevention,
preparedness,response,and recovery.
imiCr The Pitkin County BOP incorporates
best practices and procedures from
JRPense various incident management disciplines
Recovery —homeland security,emergency
management,law enforcement,
firefighting,hazardous materials
response,public works,public health,emergency medical services,and responder and
recovery worker health and safety—and integrates them into a unified coordinating
structure.
The Pitkin County EOP provides the framework for interaction with local,private sector, •
and nongovernmental organizations. It describes capabilities and resources and
establishes responsibilities, operations processes,and protocols to help op�t public health
terrorist attacks and other natural and manmade hazards;save lives;protect p health,
. safety, property, and the environment;and reduce adverse psychological consequences
and disruptions.
Scope
The Pitkin County EOP recognizes and incorporates the various jurisdictional and
functional authorities of local agencies,private-sector organizations and non-
governmental organizations.This plan is applicable to all agencies and organizations that
may be requested to provide assistance or conduct operations in the context of actual or
- potential incidents within the county.
This plan addresses the full spectrum of activities related to incident management. The
Pitkin County EOP focuses on those activities that are directly related to an evolving
incident or potential incident rather than steady-state preparedness or readiness activities
conducted in the absence of a specific threat or hazard.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 9 October 2011
Authorities
Federal
1. Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act and
Amendments(P.L. 93-288,as amended by P.L. 100-707),
2. The National Response Plan.December 2004
3. Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5: Management of Domestic Incidents
4. Homeland Security Presidential Directive 8:National Preparedness
5. National Incident Management System(NIMSI
State:
1. Colorado Disaster Emergency Act of 1992(Part 21 of Article 32.Title 24,
Colorado Revised Statutes. 1996 as amended).
Local:
The Pitkin County EOP uses the foundation provided by the Homeland Security Act,
HSPD-5,HSPD-8, the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act
(Stafford Act),and the Colorado Disaster Emergency Act of 1992 to provide a
comprehensive,all-hazards approach to incident management.Nothing in this plan alters
the existing authorities of individual departments and agencies.
This plan establishes the coordinating structures,processes,and protocols required to
integrate the specific statutory and policy authorities of various departments and agencies
in a collective framework.
Key Concepts
This section summarizes key concepts that are reflected throughout the Pitkin County
Emergency Operations Plan.
• Systematic and coordinated incident management,including protocols for:
o Incident reporting
• o Coordinated action
o Alert and notification
o Mobilization of resources
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 10 October 2011
• Organizing interagency efforts to minimize damage,restore impacted areas to pre-
incident conditions if feasible,and/or implement programs to mitigate vulnerability to
future events.
• Organizing ESFs to facilitate the delivery of critical resources,assets,and assistance.
Local departments and agencies are assigned to lead or support ESFs based on
authorities,resources,and capabilities.
• Providing mechanisms for vertical and horizontal coordination,communications, and
information sharing in response to threats or incidents, These mechanisms facilitate
coordination among local entities as well as public and private sectors.
Planning Assumptions & Considerations
The Pitkin County Emergency Operations Plan is based on planning assumptions and
considerations presented in this section.
•
• Incidents are typically managed at the lowest possible geographic,organizational,and
jurisdictional level.
• Incident management activities will be initiated and conducted using the principles
contained in the National Incident Management System(NIMS).
• The combined expertise and capabilities of government at all levels,the private
sector,and nongovernmental organizations will be required to prevent,prepare for,
respond to,and recover from incidents or disasters.
Hazards + Vulnerability=Risk
• Natural Hamrda.
- Wildfire
- Winter Weather
- Floods
II i'.
- Landslides,M i aow! �I ':. _l V.�
Debris Flew&Rockfalls
- Avalanche
- Drought
- Han
- Lwd Subsidence
- Severe Steno/Wind/tornado RISK
- TlsatkntondLigatd^g
- illsemelPpldmmIce • Vulnerabilities
• Human-Caused Hazards - Population - Mental Health
- Special Essen - - Critical InftastructWe - Environment
- Aviation Accident - Homes - Animal
- Terrorism - n,rslsees/Econoaty Populations
- Pandemic Idiom - Sense of Well-
- Techekapindutrld Acddeat being/Security
- HamrMa Mannish Release
- Crimlaal Ads
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 11 October 2011
• Incidents or disasters may:
o Occur at any time with little or no warning in the context of a general or
specific threat or hazard.
o Require significant information sharing across multiple jurisdictions and _
between public and private sectors.
o Span the spectrum of incident management to include prevention,
preparedness,response, and recovery.
o Involve multiple,highly varied hazards or threats on a local,regional, or
national scale.
o Result in numerous casualties;fatalities; displaced people,property loss,
disruption of normal life support systems,essential public services,basic
infrastructure;and significant damage to the environment.
o Impact critical infrastructures across sectors.
o Overwhelm capabilities of local governments and private sector infrastructure
owners and operators.
o Attract a sizeable influx of independent,spontaneous volunteers and supplies.
o Require prolonged,sustained incident management operations and support
activities.
• Top priorities for incident management are to:
o Saw lives and protect the health and safety of the public,responders,and
recovery workers.
o Ensure security of the homeland.
o Prevent an imminent incident, including acts of terrorism from occurring.
o Protect and restore critical infrastructure and key resources.
o Conduct law enforcement investigations to resolve the incident,apprehend the
perpetrators,and collect and preserve evidence for prosecution.
o Secondary to life safety and infrastructure protection and based on resource
availability,protect property and mitigate damages and impacts to individuals,
communities,and the environment.
o Facilitate recovery of individuals,families,businesses,governments,and.t1
environment.
• Departments and agencies at all levels of government and certain NGO's,such as the
American Red Cross,may be required to deploy to incidents or disasters on short
notice to provide timely and effective mutual aid and/or intergovernmental assistance.
• For incidents or disasters that are presidentially declared disasters or emergencies,
State and Federal support is delivered in accordance with relevant provisions of the
Stafford Act. .
Pitkin County SOP(Revision) 12 October 2011
Under the provisions of the Colorado Disaster Act of 1992 and applicable
applications: C.R.S.24-32-2107
(1) Each political subdivision shall be within the jurisdiction of and served by the
division and by a local or inter-jurisdictional agency responsible for disaster preparedness
and coordination of response.
(2) Each county shall maintain a disaster agency or participate in a local or inter-
jurisdictional disaster agency which, except as otherwise provided under this part 21, has
jurisdiction over and serves the entire county.
(3) The governor shall determine which municipal corporations need disaster
agencies of their own and require that they be established and maintained. The governor
shall make such determination on the basis of the municipality's disaster vulnerability and
capability of response related to population size and concentration. The disaster agency
of a county shall cooperate with the disaster agencies of municipalities situated within its
borders but shall not have jurisdiction within a municipality having its own disaster
agency. The office shall publish and keep current a list of municipalities required to have
disaster agencies under this subsection(3).
(4)The minimum composition of a disaster agency shall be a director or coordinator
appointed and governed by the chief executive officer or governing body of the
appointing jurisdiction. The director or coordinator shall be responsible for the planning
and coordination of the local disaster services.
(5) My provision of this part 21 or other law to the contrary notwithstanding, the
governor may require a political subdivision to establish and maintain a disaster agency
jointly with one or more contiguous political subdivisions if the governor fords that the
establishment and maintenance of an agency or participation therein is made necessary by
circumstances or conditions that make it unusually difficult to provide disaster
prevention, preparedness, response, or recovery services under other provisions of this
part 21.
(6) Each political subdivision which does not have a disaster agency and has not
made arrangements to secure or participate in the services of an agency shall have an
elected official designated as liaison officer to facilitate the cooperation and protection of
that subdivision in the work of disaster prevention,preparedness,response,and recovery.
(7) The mayor, chairman of the board of county commissioners, or other principal
executive officer of each political subdivision in the State shall notify the office of the
manner in which the political subdivision is providing or securing disaster planning and
emergency services, identify the person who heads the agency from which the services
are obtained, and furnish additional information relating thereto as the division requires.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 13 October 2011
(8)Each local and inter jurisdictional disaster agency shall prepare and keep current a
local or inter jurisdictional disaster emergency plan for its area.
(9) The local or inter-jurisdictional disaster agency, as the case may be, shall prepare
and distribute to all appropriate officials in written form a clear and complete statement
of the emergency responsibilities of all local agencies and officials and of the disaster
chain of command.
C.R.S. 24-32-2109.Local Disaster Emergencies
(1) A local disaster may be declared only by the principal executive officer of a
political subdivision. It shall not be continued or renewed for a period in excess of seven
days except by or with the consent of the governing board of the political subdivision.
Any order or proclamation declaring, continuing, or terminating a local disaster
emergency shall be given prompt and general publicity and shall be filed promptly with
the county clerk and recorder, city clerk, or other authorized record-keeping agency and
with the division.
(2) The effect of a declaration of a local disaster emergency is to activate the response
and recovery aspects of any and all applicable local and inter-jurisdictional disaster
emergency plans and to authorize the furnishing of aid and assistance under such plans.
(3) No inter jurisdictional disaster agency or official thereof may declare a local
disaster emergency unless expressly authorized by the agreement pursuant to which the
agency functions. An inter jurisdictional disaster agency shall provide aid and services in
accordance with the agreement pursuant to which it functions.
Disaster Declaration
Why Declare a DisasteK?
• To gain access to TABOR emergency reserves.
• To qualify for certain types of Federal and State disaster assistance.
• To activate local and inner jurisdictional emergency plans and mutual assistance
agreements.
• To support the enactment of temporary emergency restrictions or controls (e.g.,
curfews,price controls).
Steps in the Declaration Process:
1. Response and Initial Damage Assessment by Local Governments.
2. Resolution/Ordinance by Affected Local Governments Declaring a Disaster.
3. Request for State Assistance.
4. Implementation of the Colorado State Emergency Resources Mobilization Plan&
Activation of State Resources.
5. Situation Reports from State to FEMA Region VIII.
6. Joint(Federal-State-Local)Preliminary Damage Assessment(PDA).
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 14 October 2011
7. Governor's Request for a Presidential Disaster Declaration.
8. FEMA Region VIII Review and Recommendation.
9. Decision by President Whether or Not to Authorize Stafford Act Assistance.
Local Government Response
Local jurisdiction responds to an emergency event,supplemented by mutual aid from
neighboring communities and volunteer agencies. If the disaster exceeds the local
capabilities,they can request State assistance. A local government may declare a local
disaster or an emergency through the chair of the Board of County Commissioners,or
other principal executive officer of a political subdivision,through an order or
proclamation and submit it to the State.This activates response andrecovery of all
applicable local and inter jurisdictional disaster emergency plans.
Documentation of Costs
Careful documentation of all disaster-related costs and expenditures should begin at the
onset of a local disaster in order to establish eligibility for possible reimbursement under
State and Federal assistance programs.Records on both contract and force account work
should be maintained, including site photographs, labor records,equipment logs,supply
and material receipts,purchase orders and contracts.
Damage Assessment
The affected jurisdiction(s)may request that the Governor make a State disaster
declaration,based on damage assessment and situation reports provided to the Colorado
Division of Emergency Management.The State may also ask FEMA to conduct a joint
Local-State-Federal preliminary damage assessment(PDA),in order to determine if
disaster impacts are severe enough to warrant Federal disaster assistance.The Governor
may request,through FEMA,that the President declares a major disaster for the affected
counties,based on the damage assessment and an agreement by the State to commit
funds and resources to the long-term recovery effort.
FEMA Recommendation
FEMA Region VIII will evaluate the request and recommend action to the White House
based on the disaster damage assessment,and the ability of the local community and the
State to recover from the impacts.
Executive Action
The President approves the request of FEMA informs the Governor it has been denied.
The decision process could take a few hours or several weeks,depending on the nature of
the disaster.
Piticin County BOP(Revision) 15 October 2011
Roles and Responsibilities
•
Police,fire,public health and medical,emergency management,public works,
environmental response,and other personnel are often the first to arrive and the last to
leave an incident site. When local resources and capabilities are overwhelmed,local
Chief Executive Officer may request assistance from additional Municipalities,Counties,
the State of Colorado and the Federal Government.
Local Chief Elected Official
A Mayor or Chairman of the Board of County Commissioners,as a jurisdiction's chief
executive,is responsible for the public safety and welfare of the people of that
jurisdiction. Responsibilities of the Local Chief Elected Official Include:
• Is responsible for coordinating local resources to address the full spectrum of
actions to prevent,prepare for,respond to,and recover from incidents involving
all hazards including natural disasters, accidents,terrorism,and other
contingencies.
. • Dependent upon State and local law,has extraordinary powers to suspend local
laws and ordinances, such as to establish a curfew,direct evacuations,and,in
coordination with the local health authority,to order quarantine.
• Provides leadership and plays a key role in communicating to the public,and in
helping people,businesses,and organizations cope with the consequences of any
type of domestic incident within the jurisdiction.
• Negotiates and enters into mutual aid agreements with other jurisdictions to
facilitate resource sharing.
• Requests State and, if necessary, Federal assistance through the Governor of the
State of Colorado when the jurisdiction's capabilities have been exceeded or
exhausted.
C.R.S.30-10-513 Dudes of Sheriff-Coordination of Fire Suppression Efforts for
Forest,Prairie,or Wildiand Fire-Expenses.
(1)(a) Subject to the provisions of the community wildfire protection plan prepared by
the county in accordance with section 30-15-401.7,it is the duty of the sheriff to assume
the responsibility for coordinating fire suppression efforts in case of any prairie,forest,or
wildland fire or wildfire occurring in the unincorporated area of the county outside the
boundaries of a fire protection district or that exceed the capabilities of the fire protection
district to control or extinguish.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 16 October 2011
(b)In the case of a prairie,forest,or wildland fire occurring within the boundaries of one
or more fire protection districts that does not exceed the capabilities of the fire protection
district to control or extinguish,the sheriff may assist the chief of the fire protection
district in controlling or extinguishing such fire,and,in connection with such assistance,
the sheriff may solicit such additional assistance from such persons as the sheriff and the
fire chief deem necessary. The sheriff may assume command of such incidents with the
concurrence of the fire chief.
(c)In the case of a prairie,forest,or wildland fire that exceeds the capabilities of the fire
protection district to control or extinguish and that requires mutual aid and outside
resources,the sheriff shall appoint a local incident management team to provide the
command and control infrastructure required to manage the fire.The sheriff shall assume
financial responsibility for fire fighting efforts on behalf of the country and the authority
for the ordering and monitoring of resources.
(d)When a wildfire exceeds the capability of the county to control or extinguish,the
sheriff shall be responsible for seeking the assistance of the state by requestingassistance
front the forest service.The sheriff and the state forester shall enter into an agreement
concerning the transfer of authority and responsibility for fire suppression and the
retention of responsibilities under a unified command structure.
(2)The state forester may assume any duty or responsibility given to the sheriff under
this section with the concurrence of the sheriff.
(3)The board of county commissioners of any county may allow the sheriff,
undersheriffs, deputies;municipal or county fire departments,fire protection districts,fire
authorities,and such other persons as may be called upon to assist in controlling or
extinguishing a prairie,forest,or wildland fire such compensation and reimbursement for
other expenses necessarily incurred as the board deems just.
(4)The board of county commissioner of any county in the state may make such
appropriation as it may deem proper for the purpose of controlling fires in its county.The
board of county commissioners is authorized to levy a special tax subject to approval of
the voters upon every dollar of valuation of assessment of the taxable property within the
county for the purpose of creating a fund that shall be appropriated,after consultation
with representatives of fire departments,fire protection districts,and fire authorities in
the county,to prevent,control,or extinguish such fires anywhere in the county and to fix
the rate of levy.
Pitkin County BOP(Revision) 17 October 2011
C.R.S. 12-29.3-101 Uniform Emergency Volunteer Health Practitioners Act
C.R.S. 12-29.3-102 Definitions
In this article:
(1)"Disaster management,agency"means the department of public health and
environment.
(2)"Disaster relief organization" means an entity that provides emergency or disaster
relief services that include health or veterinary services provided by volunteer health
practitioners and that:
(A) Is designated or recognized as a provider of those services pursuant to a disaster
response and recovery plan adopted by an agency of the federal government or the
disaster management agency;or
(B)Regularly plans and conducts its activities in coordination with an agency of the
federal.government or the disaster management agency.
(3)"Emergency"means an event or condition that is an emergency,disaster, incident of
bioterrorism,emergency epidemic,pandemic influenza,or other public health emergency
under section 24-32-2104,C.R.S.
(4)"Emergency declaration"means a declaration of emergency issued by the governor
pursuant to section 24.32-2104,C.R.S.
(5)"Emergency management assistance compact"means the interstate compact approved
by congress by Pub.L. 104-321, 110 Stat. 3877,part 29 of article 60 of title 24,C.R.S.
(6)"Entity"means a person other than an individual.
(7)"Health facility"means an entity licensed under the laws of this or another state to
provide health or veterinary services.
(8)"Health practitioner"means an individual licensed under the laws of this or another
state to provide health or veterinary services.
(9)"Health services"means the provision of treatment,care,advice or guidance,or other
services,or supplies, related to the health or death of individuals or human populations,
to the extent necessary to respond to an emergency,including:
(A)The following,concerning the physical or mental condition or functional status of an
individual or affecting the structure or function of the body.
(i)Preventive,diagnostic,therapeutic,rehabilitative,maintenance,or palliative care;and
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 18 October 2011
(ii)Counseling, assessment,procedures,or other services;
(B)Sale or dispensing of a drug, a device,equipment,or another item to an individual in
accordance with a prescription; and
(C)Funeral,cremation,cemetery,or other mortuary services.
(10)"Host entity"means an entity operating in this state which uses volunteer health
practitioners to respond to an emergency.
(11)"License"means authorization by a state to engage in health or veterinary services
that are unlawful without the authorization.The term includes authorization under the
laws of this state to an individual to provide health or veterinary services based upon a
national certification issued by a public or private entity.
(12)"Person"means an individual,corporation, business trust,trust,partnership,limited
liability company,association,joint venture,public corporation, government or
governmental subdivision,agency,or instrumentality,or any other legal or commercial
entity.
(13)"Scope of practice"means the extent of the authorization to provide health or
veterinary services granted to a health practitioner by a license issued to the practitioner
in the state in which the principal part of the practitioner's services are rendered,
including any conditions imposed by the licensing authority.
(14)"State"means a state of the United States,the District of Columbia,Puerto Rico,the
United States Virgin Islands,or any territory or insular possession subject to the
jurisdiction of the United States.
(15)"Veterinary services"means the provision of treatment,care,advice or guidance,or
other services,or supplies,related to the health or death of an animal or to animal
populations,to the extent necessary to respond to an emergency,including:
(A)Diagnosis,treatment,or prevention of an animal disease,injury, or other physical or
mental condition by the prescription, administration,or dispensing of vaccine,medicine,
surgery, or therapy;
(B)Use of a procedure for reproductive management;and
(C)Monitoring and treatment of animal populations for diseases that have spread or
demonstrate the potential to spread to humans.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 19 October 2011
(16)"Volunteer health practitioner"means a health practitioner who provides health or
veterinary services,whether or not the practitioner receives compensation for those
services.The term does not include a practitioner who receives compensation pursuant to
a preexisting employment relationship with a host entity or affiliate which requires the
practitioner to provide health services in this state,unless the practitioner is not a resident
of this state and is employed by a disaster relief organization providing services in this
state while an emergency declaration is in effect.
Plan Maintenance
Pitkin County EOP revisions and all subsequent revision supersedes all previous editions
and is effective immediately for planning,training and exercising,and preparedness and
response operations.
This Plan, its annexes and appendices, shall be maintained and kept current by all parties
on the following schedule:
• Review and update the Pitkin County EOP,annexes and appendices every three
(3)years.
• All changes,revisions and/or updates to the Plan its annexes and appendices shall
be forwarded to the Pitkin County Emergency Management(PCEM)for review,
publication and distribution to all holders of the Plan following the efforts of the
lead agency to coordinate with its supporting agencies.If no changes,revisions
and/or updates are required,PCEM shall be notified in writing by the lead agency
that respective plans,annexes,appendices,etc.,have been reviewed and are
considered current and valid.
THIS PLAN IS INTENDED ONLY FOR THE USE OF THE ENTITIES WHO
ARE SIGNITORIES TO THIS PLAN.IT CONTAINS INFORMATION THAT IS
PRIVILEGED,CONFIDENTIAL,AND EXEMPT FROM DISCLOSURE UNDER
APPLICABLE LAW.SHARING,COPYING OR OTHERWISE DISCLOSING
INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PLAN SHALL ONLY BE DONE WITH
THE WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION OF THE PITIQN COUNTY EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT DIRECTOR.
Emergency Support Functions and Scope
The Pitkin County EOP applies a functional approach that groups the capabilities of local
departments and agencies into ESFs to provide the planning,support,resources,program
implementation,and emergency services that are most likely to be needed during
incidents or disasters. The response to actual or potential incidents/disasters is typically
provided through a full or partial activation of the ESF structure as necessary.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 20 October 2011
Each ESF is composed of primary and support agencies.The Pitkin County EOP
identifies primary agencies on the basis of authorities,resources,and capabilities.
Support agencies are assigned based on resources and capabilities in a given functional
area. The resources provided by the ESFs reflect the resource kind and type categories
identified in the NIMS. ESFs are expected to support one another in carrying out their ---
respective roles and responsibilities.Additional discussion on roles and responsibilities of
ESF coordinators,primary agencies,and support agencies can be found in the
introduction to the ESF annexes.
ESF#1—Transportation–Civil transportation support,restoration/recovery of
transportation infrastructure,movement restrictions and damage and impact assessment
ESF#2—Communications–Coordination with telecommunications industry,
restoration/repair of telecommunications infrastructure,protection and restoration of
information resources and warnings and/or notifications.
ESF#3—Public Works and Engineering–Infrastructure protection,emergency repair,
infrastructure restoration,engineering services,construction management and critical
infrastructure liaison.
ESF#4—Firefighting–Firefighting activities and resource support.
ESF#5—Emergency'Management–Coordination of incident management efforts,
management of Emergency Operations Center(EOC)
ESF#6—Mass Care Housing and Human Services–Mass Care, disaster housing,
human services and sheltering.
ESF#7—Resource Support–Resource support(facility space,office equipment and
supplies, contracting services,etc,)and financial management.
ESF#8—Public Health and Medical Services–Public health,medical(EMS &
Hospital),mental health,mass fatality and mortuary services.
ESF#9—Search and Rescue–Life-saving assistance.
ESF#10—Oil and Hazardous Materials Response–Chemical,Biological,
Radiological,Nuclear and Explosive(CBRNE)response,hazardous materials response,
environmental safety and short and long term cleanup.
ESF#11—Agriculture–Nutrition assistance,animal and plant disease pest'response,
food safety and food security.
ESF#12—Energy and Public Utilities–Energy infrastructure assessment,repair and
restoration,energy industry utilities coordination and energy forecast.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 21 October 2011
ESF#13—Public Safety and Security–Warnings-Notifications-Evacuations,facility
and resource security, security planning,technical and resource assistance,public
safety/security support,support to access,traffic and crowd control.
ESF#14—Long Term Community Recovery and Mitigation–Social and economic
community impact assessment,long term community recovery assistance to local
governments and the private sector,mitigations analysis and program implementation.
ESF#15—External Affairs–Emergency public information and protective action
guidance,media and community relations,support to on scene incident management and
management of Joint Information Center(JIC).
Nongovernmental and Volunteer Organizations
Nongovernmental organizations(NGO) collaborate with first responders,governments at
all levels,and other agencies and organizations providing relief services to sustain life, •
reduce physical and emotional distress,and promote recovery of disaster victims when
assistance is not available from other sources. Community-based organizations (CBO)
receive government funding to provide essential public health services.
The National Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster(NVOAD)is a consortium of
more than 30 recognized national organizations of volunteers active in disaster relief.
Such entities provide significant capabilities to incident management and response efforts
at all levels.
Private Sector
Pitkin County and primary and support agencies coordinate with the private sector to
effectively share information,form courses of action,and incorporate available resources
to prevent,prepare for,respond to,and recover from incidents or disasters.
Roles: The roles,responsibilities,and participation of the private sector during incidents
or disasters vary based on the nature of the organization and the type and impact of the
incident.The roles of private sector organizations are summarized below;
Impacted Organization or Infrastructure
Private-sector organizations may be affected by direct or indirect consequences of the
incident,including privately owned critical infrastructure,key resources,and those main
private-sector organizations that are significant to local,regional,and national economic
recovery from the incident. Examples of privately owned infrastructure include,
transportation,telecommunications,private utilities,financial institutions, and hospitals.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 22 October 2011
Response Resource
Private-sector organizations provide response resources(donated or compensated) during
an incident-including specialized teams,equipment, and advanced technologies-through
local public-private emergency plans,mutual aid agreements,or incident specific -
requests from government and private-sector-volunteered initiatives.
Regulated and/or Responsible Party
Owners/operators of certain regulated facilities or hazardous operations may bear
responsibilities under the law for preparing for and preventing incidents from occurring,
and responding to an incident once it occurs.For example,Federal regulations require
owners/operators of Tier H reporting facilities to maintain emergency(incident)
preparedness plans,procedures,and to perform assessments,prompt notifications, and
training for a response to an incident.
Local Emergency Organization Member
Private-sector organizations may serve as an active partner in local emergency
preparedness and response organizations and activities.
Responsibilities
Private-sector organizations support the Pitkin County LOP(voluntarily or to comply
with applicable laws and regulations)by sharing information with the government,
identifying risks,performing vulnerability assessments,developing emergency response
and business continuity plans,enhancing their overall readiness, implementing
appropriate prevention and protection programs,and donating or otherwise providing
goods and services through contractual arrangement or government purchases to assist in
response to and recovery from an incident.
Certain organizations are required by existing law and regulation to bear the cost of
planning and response to incidents, regardless of cause.In the case of an incident or
disaster,these private-sector organizations are expected to mobilize and employ the
•
resources necessary and available in accordance with their plans to address the
consequences of incidents at their own facilities or incidents for which they are otherwise
responsible.
Pitkin County SOP(Revision) 23 October 2011
Response Resources
Unless the response is inherently governmental(e.g.,law enforcement,etc.),private-
• sector organizations are encouraged to develop and maintain capabilities to respond to
and manage a complete spectrum of incidents and emergencies.Local government should
maintain ongoing interaction with the critical infrastructure and key resource industries to
provide coordination for prevention,preparedness,response,and recovery activities,
When practical,or when required under Federal law,private-sector representatives
should be included in planning and exercises. The government may, in some cases,direct
private-sector response resources when they have contractual relationships,using
government funds.
Functional Coordination
The primary agency(ies)for each ESF maintains working relations with its associated
private-sector counterparts through partnership committees or other means(e.g., ESF
#10,Hazardous Materials Response—Hazardous Materials Industries;etc.)
Citizen Involvement
Strong partnerships with citizen groups and organizations provide support for incident
management prevention,preparedness,response,recovery,and mitigation.The U.S
Citizen Corps brings these groups together and focuses efforts of individuals through
education,training,and volunteer service to help make communities safer, stronger,and
better prepared to address the threats of terrorism, crime,public health issues,and
disasters of all kinds.
Local Citizen Corps Councils implement Citizen Corps programs,which include
Community Emergency Response Teams(CERTs),Medical Reserve Corps,
Neighborhood Watch,Volunteers in Police Service,and the affiliate programs;provide
opportunities for special skills and interests; develop targeted outreach for special-needs
groups;and organize special projects and community events.
Citizen Corps Affiliate Programs expand the resources and materials available to local
communities through partnerships with programs and organizations that offer resources
for public educations,outreach,and training;represent volunteers interested in helping to
make their communities safer;or offer volunteer service opportunities to support first
responders,disaster relief activities,and community safety efforts.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 24 October 2011
Concept of Operations
Incident Support
This section describes the local coordinating structures, processes,and protocols
employed to manage incidents or disasters in Pitkin County.These coordinating
structures and processes are designed to enable execution of the responsibilities of each
responsible jurisdiction and to integrate local,NGO,and private-sector efforts into a
comprehensive approach to domestic incident management.
A basic premise of the Pitkin County EOP is that incidents are generally bandied at the
lowest jurisdictional level possible.Police,fire,public health and medical,emergency
management,and other personnel are responsible for incident management and
coordination at the local level.In the vast majority of incidents, local resources and
regional mutual aid resources provide the first line of emergency response and incident
management support.
When an incident or potential incident is of such severity, magnitude,and/or complexity
that it is considered a disaster,the Chief Elected Official of impacted jurisdiction may
request a disaster declaration to initiate the support at the State.In the context of the
Stafford Act disasters or emergencies,the Department of Homeland Security coordinates
supplemental Federal assistance when the consequences of the incident exceed local and
State capabilities.
Overall Coordination of Local Incident Management Activities
During actual or potential incidents or disasters,the overall coordination of local incident
management activities is executed by the agency(ies)with jurisdictional authority under
the National Incident Management System(MIMS). When a local jurisdiction requires
assistance with providing logistical support for an incident or when several jurisdictions
are experiencing simultaneous incidents requiring similar resources,a Multi-Agency
Coordination Group(MACG)should be established to assist in providing that support.
As the incident expands or additional resources are needed,or when the MACG can no
longer support the incident,the County Emergency Management Director or designee
may activate the Aspen/Pitkin County Emergency Operations Center(EOC)in
accordance with the EOC plan(Appendix C)to coordinate efforts and provide
appropriate support to the incident command structure.
Strategic-level interagency incident management coordination and course of action
development are facilitated by the Pitkin County ESFs located at the EOC. Public
Information may be managed by ESF#15 and the Pitkin County PIO Group operating in
a Joint Information Center.
•
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) '25 October 2011
The framework created by these coordinating structure s is designed to accommodate the
various roles local government plays during an incident,whether it is support to local
agencies,or direct implementation of the jurisdictional incident management authorities
and responsibilities under State and Federal law. _
Organizational Structure
The structure for incident management establishes a clear progression of coordination
and communication from the local level to the State level.This structure is diagramed
below:
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As illustrated,the local incident command structures(namely the ICP(s)and Area
Command)are responsible for directing on-scene incident management and maintaining
command and control of on-scene incident operations.
Emergency Operations Center(EOC)
The support and coordination components consist of an emergency operations center
(BOC) and multi-agency coordination entities. The EOC provides a central location for
operational information sharing and resource coordination in support of on-scene efforts.
The Pitkin County EOC is also the conduit to the State of Colorado for resource
assistance and other State and/or Federal assistance.
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Pitkin County LOP(Revision) 26 October 2011
Multi-agency Coordination Group(MACG)
The Pitkin County Multi-Agency Coordination Group(Pitkin County MACG)aids in
establishing priorities among the incidents and associated resource allocations,resolving
agency policy conflicts,and providing strategic guidance to support incident management —
activities.This group is made of department/agency heads with authority to make
decisions and commit resources.
Disaster Declaration
During actual or potential incidents or disasters,the overall coordination of local incident
management activities is executed by the agency(ies)with jurisdictional authority under
NIMS. When an incident or potential incident is of such severity,magnitude,and/or
complexity that it is considered a disaster,the county may request a disaster declaration
to initiate the support at the State.In the context of the Stafford Act disasters or
emergencies,the Department of Homeland Security coordinates supplemental Federal
assistance when the consequences of the incident exceed local and State capabilities.
Joint Information Center(JIC)
When activated,the Pitkin County JIC serves as a focal point for the coordination and
dissemination of information to the public and media concerning incident prevention,
preparedness,response,recovery, and mitigation. The JIC develops,coordinates,and
disseminates unified news releases.News releases are cleared through the MACG to
ensure consistent messages, avoid release of conflicting information,and prevent
negative impact on operations.This formal approval process ensures protection of law
enforcement sensitive information.Agencies may issue their own news releases related to
their policies,procedures, and capabilities;however,these should be coordinated with the
JIC.
In accordance with NIMS processes,resource and policy issues are addressed at the
lowest organizational level practicable.If the issues cannot be resolved at that level,they
are forwarded up to the next level for resolution.
The organizational structure above addresses both site specific incident management
activities and the broader county issues related to the incident,such as impacts to the rest
of the county,immediate county or regional actions required to avert or prepare for
potential subsequent events, and the management of multiple threats or incidents
(specifically those that are non-site specific, geographically dispersed,or evolve over a
long period of time).
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 27 October 2011
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Incident Command Post
The tactical level,on-scene incident command and management organization is located at
the ICP. It is typically comprised of designated incident management officials and
responders from local agencies,as well as private-sector and nongovernmental
organizations. When multiple command authorities are involved,the ICP may be led by a
Unified Command,comprised of officials who have jurisdictional authority or functional
responsibility for the incident under an appropriate law, ordinance, or agreement.The
Unified Command provides direct,on-scene control of tactical operations and utilizes a
NIMS ICS incident management team organization,typically including Operations,
Planning,Logistics,and Finance/Administration Sections.
The ICP is usually located at or in the immediate vicinity of the incident site.The location
is selected by the agency having primary jurisdictional authority for managing the
incident at this level. Generally,there is one ICP established for each incident.
Depending on the number and location of incidents,there may be multiple ICPs managed
by an Area Command.
ESF ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
ESF Coordinator
The ESF Coordinator is the designated emergency support function representative,who
has ongoing responsibilities throughout the prevention,preparedness,response,recovery,
and mitigation phases of incident management.The role of the ESF Coordinator is carried
out through a Multi Agency Coordination approach as agreed upon collectively by the
designated primary agencies.Responsibilities of the ESF Coordinator include:
• Pre-Incident planning and coordination
• Maintaining ongoing contact with ESF primary and support agencies
• Conducting periodic ESF meetings and conference calls
• Coordinating efforts with corresponding private-sector organizations,and
• Coordinating ESF activities relating to catastrophic incident planning and critical
infrastructure preparedness as appropriate
ESF Lead
The ESF Lead is the assigned emergency support function representative to the
Emergency Operations Center(EOC)or Multi-Agency Coordination Group(MACG).
The ESF Lead should be a representative from the primary agency with jurisdiction •
where the incident is occurring.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 29 October 2011
In cases where there is unified command or the incident covers multiple jurisdictions or
there are multiple incidents covering multiple jurisdictions or the incident(s)are prolong
in duration or the primary agency with jurisdiction is unable to provide a ESF Lead to the
EOC or MAW,the ESF Lead can be a representative from any primary agency and/or
support agency within the emergency support function. -
Primary Agencies
A local agency designated as an ESF primary agency serves as a local executive
representative to accomplish the ESF mission. When an ESF is activated,the primary
agency is responsible for:
• Orchestrating local support within their functional area for an affected jurisdiction
•. Provide staff for the operations functions at fixed and field facilities
• Notifying and requesting assistance from support agencies
• Managing mission assignments and coordinating with support agencies,
• Working with appropriate private-sector organizations to maximize use of all
available resources
• Supporting and keeping other ESFs and organizational elements informed of ESF
operational priorities and activities
• Executing contracts and procuring goods and services as needed
• Ensuring financial and property accountability for ESF activities
• Planning for short-term and long-term incident management and recovery
operations
• Maintaining trained personnel to support interagency emergency response and
support teams
Support Agencies
When an ESF is activated in response to an incident,support agencies are responsible for:
• Conducting operations, when requested by the designated ESF primary agency,
using their own authorities,subject-matter experts, capabilities,or resources.
• Participation in planning for short-term and long-term incident management and
recovery operations and the development of supporting operational plans, SOPs,
checklists,or other job aids,in concert with existing first responder standards.
• Assisting in the conduct of situational assessments.
• Furnishing available personnel,equipment,or other resource support as requested
by the ESF primary agency.
• Participation in training and exercises aimed at continuous improvement of
prevention,response, and recovery capabilities.
• Identifying new equipment or capabilities required to prevent or respond to new
or emerging threats and hazards,or to improve the ability to address existing
threats.
• Providing information or intelligence regarding the agency's area of expertise.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 30 October 2011
Figure 4: Designation of Primary and Support agencies
Emergency Support Functions(ESF)
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Transit Agencies ■ S S
(RPTA,TOSV) - -
P=ESF Primary Role
S-ESF Support Role
Note: Unless a specific component of a department or agency is the Primary Agency,it is not listed in this chart. Refer to the ESF
Annexes for detailed support by each of these departments and agencies.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 31 October 2011
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 32 October 2011
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION #1 - TRANSPORTION ANNEX
ESF Coordinator: Support Agencies: -
Designated Transportation Representative Animal Services Jurisdiction(s)
Aspen Pitkin County Communications
Primary Agencies: Center
Law Enforcement Jurisdiction(s) Colorado State Patrol
Pitkin County Regional Airport(Sardy Field) Fleet Services
Public Works Departments Human Resources Departments
Transit Agencies(RF1'A,TOSV) Pitkin County Emergency Management
School Districts(AE-1,RE-1)
•
Introduction
Purpose
Emergency Support Function(ESF)#1 -Transportation supports the local governmental
entities and voluntary organizations to provide transportation for an actual or potential
'emergency. Through the Pubic Works Agencies coordination role, ESF#1 integrates the
responsibility for Emergency Management of the Transportation System in the
prevention/mitigation,preparedness,recovery,infrastructure restoration,safety, and
security of the County and its transportation system.
Scope
ESF#1 is designed to provide transportation support to assist in incident management.
Activities within the scope of ESF#1 functions include: processing and coordinating
requests for transportation support as directed under the Pitkin County Emergency
Operations Plan(EOP);reporting damage to transportation infrastructure as a result of the
incident;coordinating alternate transportation services;coordinating the restoration and
recovery of the transportation infrastructure;performing transportation activities such as
air,surface and rail;and coordinating and supporting prevention/preparedness/mitigation
among transportation infrastructure stakeholders at the State and local levels.
Policies
• Transportation planning employs the most effective means of transporting
resources, including commercial transportation capacity,and capacity owned or
operated by local agencies.
• Transportation planning recognizes Federal and State transportation policies and
plans used to control the movement of relief personnel,equipment,and supplies,
as well as determining precedence of movement.
• The Pitkin County Emergency Operations Center(EOC)or Pitkin County Multi-
Agency Coordination Group(MACG)facilitates coordination between local
entities and the State in the event of multi jurisdictional ESF#1 operations.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 33 October 2011
• Movements of local personnel,equipment,and supplies are managed through
prioritizing shipments.To facilitate the prompt deployment of resources,priorities
for various incidents are developed and maintained through an interagency
process led by Pitkin County Emergency Management prior to an incident to --
facilitate the prompt deployment of resources. Each ESF is responsible for
compiling, submitting, and updating information for inclusion in the ESF#1
prioritized shipments.
• Agencies are encouraged to use ESF#1 services.To ensure the orderly flow of
resources, departments and agencies should advise ESF#1 or the EOC or MACG
of all transportation movements arranged independently from ESF#1 activity.
• Military transportation may be provided in accordance with State policy for use of
National Guard resources.
• The EOC or MACG supports ESF#1 with relevant situational awareness and
threat information reports.
• ESF#1 Coordinators provide relevant situational awareness and threat
information reports to the EOC or MACG.
Concept of Operations
General
• The EOP provides a structure for managing and coordinating the complex
operations of the transportation system.This includes the deployment of resources
into and out of the incident area and the coordination of transportation recovery,
restoration,and safety/security. The EOP also provides a means of facilitating or
restricting the movement of personnel and goods as necessary.
• The ESF#1 Coordinator(s)provide direction for the mission locally.The EAC or
MACG provides policy guidance and operational direction.
• Regional ESF#1 organization,notification,deployment;and support operations
are conducted in accordance with the respective ESF#1 annexes to the County
EOP
• Communications are established and maintained with ESF#5—Emergency
Management to report and receive assessments and status information,and with
ESF#7—Resource Support.
• All approved requests for local assistance and mission assignments for
transportation support are submitted to ESF#1 for action.
• The ESF#1 Coordinator(s)designate a representative(s) to the EOC or the MACG
as required.
Actions:Initial Actions
Coordinating Entity(s): Immediately upon notification of a threat or an imminent or
actual incident,consideration is given toward:
• Establishing a Emergency Operations Center(EOC)or a Multi-Agency
Coordination Group(MACG);
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 34 October 2011
EOC or MACG: Immediately upon notification of a threat or an imminent or actual
incident,the Public Works Director, or his/her designee,will respond to the Pitkin County
Emergency Operations Center(EOC)or Pitkin County Multi-Agency Coordination
Group (MACG). Consideration is given toward:
• Providing appropriate representation,when requested to the EOC or MACG, and
the Incident Command Post(ICP).
• Implementing plans internal to Public Works to ensure adequate staff and
administrative support.
Actions: Continuing Actions
• ESF#1 staff coordinates the acquisition of transportation services to fulfill
mission assignments in support of all ESFs when required.
• The EOC or MACG and ESF#1 staff coordinates with appropriate Federal,State
and local entities to facilitate the movement of people and goods to,from,and
within the incident area, and participates in decisions regarding issues such as
movement restrictions,critical facilities closures,and evacuations.
• The EOC or MACG and ESF#1 staff is responsible for the administrative support
of individuals involved in regional emergency transportation operations and for
managing all financial transartions undertaken through mission assignments
issued to ESF#1.
• The EOC or MACG and ESF#1 staff coordinates with appropriate jurisdictional
administrations on the implementation of specific statutory authorities providing
immediate assistance,such as traffic control,long-term recovery of the
transportation infrastructure,and may authorized mitigation efforts to lessen the
effects of future incidents.
Responsibilities
All ESF#1 agencies will:
• Operate agency functions within the structure of the Incident Command System
(ICS)and the National Response Framework(NRF).
• Organize ESF#1;develop structure,identifying designated ESF Coordinator(s),
primary agencies and support agencies,along with roles,responsibilities,and
assignments,documenting this information in ESF#1 annex.
• Develop applicable standard operating procedures,guidelines and/or checklists
detailing the accomplishment of their assigned functions,documenting this
information in ESF#1 annex.
• Develop,revise,update,and maintain ESF#1 annex in compliance with the EOP
base plan maintenance requirements.
• When requested,deploy a representative to the EOC or MACG to assist with ESF
#1 activities.
• Provide ongoing status reports as requested by the ESF#1 lead.
• Maintain updated resource inventories of supplies,equipment,personnel resources
and facilities,including possible sources of augmentation or replacement.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 35 October 2011
• Document all costs and expenses associated with response and recovery activities
taking care to clearly separate disaster related work from daily work in the event
that State and Federal reimbursement becomes available.
• Maintain up-to-date rosters for notifying personnel and 24-hour staffing --
capabilities,as well as,forwarding this call-out information to ESF#2-
Communications.
• Conduct periodic tabletop and mock training exercises activating ESF#1 to
improve coordination,communications, and performance.
Primary Agency:Public Works Agencies
• Coordinates the provision of transportation services in support of Federal, State
and local agencies;and voluntary organizations. Coordinates the recovery,
restoration,and safety/security of the transportation infrastructure. Manages the
EOC or MACG ESF#1. Provides trained personnel to staff ESF#1
responsibilities at the EOC or MACG or any other temporary facility in the
impacted area.
• Manages the financial aspects of the ESF#1 response.
• Works with other Federal, State and local transportation departments and industry
partners to assess the damage to the transportation infrastructure and analyze the
impact of the incident on transportation operations and report promptly as changes
occur.
• Coordinates and implements,as required,emergency-related response and
recovery functions performed under statutory authorities,including the
prioriri7ntion and/or allocation of civil transportation capacity,hazardous material
containment response and movement,and damage assessment,to include safety
and security,related actions concerning movement restrictions,closures,
quarantines,and evacuations.
• Provide technical assistance to local government entities in evacuation or
movement restriction planning,and determining the most viable transportation
networks to,from,and within the incident area,as well as alternate means to
move people and goods within the area affected by the incident.
• Identifies resource requirements for transportation and coordinates their
allocation.
Primary Agencies
Law Enforcement Agencies
• Participates in a Unified Command role to provide transportation related incident
management within their respective jurisdictions.
• Providing staffing to the EOC or MACG ESF#1 when requested.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 36 October 2011
Pitkin County Regional Airport(Sardy Field)
• Provides staffing to the EOC or MACG ESF#1 when requested.
• Provides transportation assets when possible. �-
• Coordinates air traffic issues of the incident(s).
Public Works Agencies
• Participates in a Unified Command role to provide transportation related incident
management within their respective jurisdictions.
• Provides staffing to the EOC or MACG ESF#1 when requested.
• Provides resources for damage assessment and transportation systems
maintenance as needed.
• Provides technical assistance for ESF#1. ,
Transit Agencies(RFTA,TOSV,AE-1,RE-1)
• Provides staffing to the EOC or MACG ESF#1 when requested
• Provides mass transportation guidance and assistance as necessary to support
emergency activities.
Support Agencies •
Fleet Maintenance
• Provides support in the emergency operations and restoration
• Assists in restoring the transportation infrastructure.
Animal Control Agencies
• Provides animal issue support as necessary
• Provides traffic direction assistance when possible.
• Through ESF#1,identifies and arranges for the use of Federal, State,and local
assets and resources in support of the ESF#1 role.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 37 October 2011
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 38 October 2011
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION #2 - COMMUNICATIONS
ANNEX
ESF Coordinator, Support Agencies -
Pitkin County Communications Director Pitkin County PIO Group
Private Sector(ARES,RACES)
Primary Agencies
Aspen Pitkin County Communications Center
Information and Technology Departments
Pitkin County Emergency Management
Introduction
Purpose
Emergency Support Function(ESF)#2-Communications ensures the provision of
communications support to Federal,State,local and private-sector response efforts during
an emergency incident.
Scope
ESF#2 coordinates local actions to provide the required telecommunications,and the
restoration of the telecommunications infrastructure.ESF#2 supports all County agencies
in the procurement and coordination of telecommunication services from the
telecommunications and information technology(IT)industry during an incident
response.
Communications is information transfer and involves the technology associated with the
display,transfer,interpretation, and processing of data among persons,places and
machines.It includes transmission, emission, or reception of signs,signals,writing,
images, and sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire,radio,optical,or other
electromagnetic systems.
When appropriate,communications services may be provided through various National-
Level Programs,including the Shared Resources High-Frequency Radio Program
(SHARES), Telecommunications Service Priority Program(TSP), Government
Emergency Telecommunications Services(GETS),and Wireless Priority Service(WPS).
Policies
The Pitkin County Emergency Operations Plan(EOP)serves as the basis for planning for
the utilization of national telecommunications assets and resources in support of
emergencies.This plan is the formal plan applicable to all agencies who are signatories to
the plan.
The mission of the EOP is to assist in:
• The exercise of the telecommunications functions and responsibilities;
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 39 October 2011
• The coordination of the planning for and provision emergency preparedness
communications for all circumstances,including crisis or emergency,attack,
recovery,and reconstitution.
• Federal,State,local,and tribal officials,nonprofit organizations,and private- -
sector entities respond to the vast majority of incidents acting under authorities or
through agency or interagency contingency plans.
• The Aspen Pitkin County Communications Center is the primary agency with
functional responsibilities for the EOP Communications Annex.
• The Pitkin County Emergency Operations Center(EOC)or the Pitkin County
Multi-Agency Coordination Group(MACG)facilitates coordination between
local entities and the State in the event of multi-jurisdictional ESF#2 operations.
• Jurisdictional Information and Technology Departments are responsible for cyber
incident response coordination among agencies and,upon request, State, local,
tribal,and private-sector entities will respond to any incident with cyber-related
issues(e.g., significant cyber threat and disruptions,crippling cyber attacks
against the Internet or critical infrastructure information systems,technological
emergencies,and declared major disasters and emergencies).
Concept of Operations •
General
• The Aspen Pitkin County Communications Center(APCCC)is activated at the
onset of an incident or disaster.
• When activated,ESF#2 coordinates and supports telecommunications
requirements of the incident(s).
• The Aspen Pitkin County Communications Center has authority to activate two
separate warning systems;the Emergency Preparedness Network(EPN)or the
Emergency Alert System(EAS)to effectively notify and warn citizens.
• Telecommunications management occurs on a bottom-up basis:decisions are
made at the lowest level,with only those issues requiring adjudication or
additional resources referred to the next higher management level.
• The APCCC controls communications assets in the incident area and coordinates
their use with the Incident Commander. Other agencies that provide
telecommunications assets in support of the response also control their assets,but
coordinate use with the APCCC.
Organization
• Dispatch Center: The Aspen Pitkin County Communications Center(APCCC)is
the primary organization for incident management communications.The APCCC
staff processes anticipated/actual damage,identifies communications
requirements,monitors the developing situation/response,renders status reports,
and coordinates service provisioning and restoration as required. The APCCC
Director appoints ESF#2 representatives to the Emergency Operations Center
(EOC)or the Multi-Agency Coordination Group(MACG),providing for 24-hour
coverage if required.
Pitkin County eoP(Revision) 40 October 2011
• Regional: When ESF#2 is activated,the APCCC may request assistance from
other communication centers in the Northwest All-Hazards Emergency
Management Region.Assistance may be deployed to the scene of an incident,to
assist in the APCCC or at the EOC or at the MACG. --
• State: Whenever an EOC or MACG is activated in.Pitkin County,the Colorado
Division of Emergency Management Duty Officer shall be notified.Following
notification of the Duty Officer,additional telecommunications resources may be
obtained through the Colorado State Resource Mobilization Plan.
FIGURE 1. Emergency Communications Staff
Communications_
Center Director
''::CommuniC2ttions incicliefifiett ESF#2 Staffing
enter Staffing Based biepMchers' E0Cl( 1ACG.
J \
Actions: Pre-Incident
• Works closely with Pitkin County entities and private-sector coordinators to
ensure the latest technology is available to all agencies participating in the
response effort.
• Coordinate intergovernmental,nongovernmental organization and private-sector
preparedness efforts as they pertain to critical infrastructures supporting
telecommunications.
• Develop and issue information collection guidelines and procedures to enhance
assessment,allocation, and coordination of government and industry
telecommunications assets in the event of an emergency incident.
Actions: Incident Period
• If ESF#2 is activated,the APCCC notifies the APCCC Director.The APCCC
Director,in coordination with the Incident Commander(s),determines the
appropriate level of response for ESF#2 elements.
The APCCC:
• Alerts all appropriate personnel when ESF#2 is activated.
• Advises the EOC or MACG when communications problems are expected in the
incident area to enable activation of other communication resources.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 41 October 2011
• Indentifies telecommunications assets available for use within the affected area;
• Facilitates the implementation of a pre-established incident communications plan
(ICS form 205)or the development of an incident specific communications plan.
• Obtains information from ESF#1 —Transportation relative to road,rail,and other
transportation conditions in the area and whether they can be used to get mobile
telecommunications systems into the area.
The EOCIMACG:
• Assesses the availability of commercial telecommunications for location of the
incident(s);
• Determines from ESF#7—Resource Support,the location of possible incident
facilities in the area(e.g.,staging areas or camps) and the communications needs
for those facilities;
• Forwards unresolved telecommunications requests to the State EOC/MACG.
• Coordinates telecommunications support from State and other local governments,
and voluntary relief organizations(ARES and RACES)as necessary.
Other Department and Agencies:
• Until the EOC or MACG and ESF#2 are operational,the primary response
agency(s)accumulate damage information.
• Adhere to pre-established incident radio plans(minor,major and airport)as
appropriate.
•
Actions:Post-Incident
Post-incident actions include:
• Develop,coordinates,and execute service and site restoration plans;
• Conducts measurements necessary to identify damaged critical infrastructure
assets;repair, reconstitute,and secure communications;and coordinate actions to
protect these assets from further damage;
• Evaluates the incident to identify lessons learned;
• Completes post-incident reporting;and
• Develops initiatives to mitigate the effects of future incidents.
• Prepares and processes any required reports;
• Recommends release/termination-of-use of outside telecommunications resources
when they are no longer required;and
• Maintains a record for audit of all telecommunications support provided.
Responsibilities
All ESF#2 agencies will:
• Operate agency functions within the structure of the Incident Command System
(ICS)and the National Response Framework(NRF).
• Organize ESF#2;develop structure,identifying designated ESF Coordinator(s),
primary agencies and support agencies, along with roles, responsibilities,and
assignments,documenting this information in ESF#2 annex.
Pitkin County POP(Revision) 42 October 2011
• Develop applicable standard operating procedures,guidelines and/or checklists
detailing the accomplishment of their assigned functions,documenting this
information in ESF#2 annex.
• Develop,revise,update, and maintain ESF#2 annex in compliance with the EOP
base plan maintenance requirements.
• When requested,deploy a representative to the EOC or MACG to assist with ESF
#2 activities.
• Provide ongoing status reports as requested by the ESF#2 Lead.
• Maintain updated resource inventories of supplies,equipment,personnel resources
and facilities, including possible sources of augmentation or replacement.
• Document all costs and expenses associated with response and recovery activities
taking care to clearly separate disaster related work from daily work in the event
that State and Federal reimbursement becomes available.
• Maintain up-to-date rosters for notifying personnel and 24-hour staffing
capabilities for all of the ESFs.
• Conduct periodic tabletop and mock training exercises activating ESF#2 to
improve coordination,communications,and performance.
Primary Agencies
APCCC,IT and Emergency Management Departments:The Director/manager
delegates staff to accomplish the ESF#2 mission.
Prevention and Preparedness
• Manages and directs prevention and preparedness efforts in areas of agency
expertise.
• Monitors the status of situations that have the potential for developing into an
incident requiring additional communications resources.
• Assesses the impact on existing telecommunications services.
Response and Recovery
• Manages and directs response and recovery efforts in areas of agency expertise.
• Supports the EOC or MACG as required, in accordance with standard operating
procedures outlined in the EOP.
• Ensures that all information regarding potential and/or actual incidents with
significant telecommunications implications are brought to the attention of the
EOC or MACG in a timely manner.
• Coordinates responses activities with Incident Commander(s) and the EOC or
MACG as necessary.
• Coordinates with ESF#12—Energy,regarding communications industry requests
for emergency fuel re-supply and safe access for telecommunications work crews
into incident areas.
• Monitors recovery efforts and,as required,coordinates the provision of
telecommunications services needed by the incident(s).
• Provides reports to the EOC or MACG as directed.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 43 October 21311
• Coordinates the restoration and/or rerouting of existing telecommunications
services and the provisioning of new telecommunications services.
• Coordinates with telecommunications service providers to facilitate the
prioritizing of requirements as necessary when providers are unable to satisfy all --
telecommunications services requirements,when there are conflicts between
multiple incidents,or when the allocation of available resources cannot be fully
accomplished at the incident level.
• Coordinates with appropriate government and industry representatives in support
of EOC or MACG requests to meet user requirements for communication assets.
Support Agencies
Pitkin County Emergency Management:
• Provides communications support to State and local officials to assist in
disseminating warnings to the populace concerning risks and hazards.
• Develops,in cooperation with the APCCC and IT Departments,plans and
capabilities for,the Emergency Alert System(EAS),Emergency Preparedness
Network(EPN),PCAlert and other notification systems
• Maintains a record of all equipment and services provided.
'Pitkin County PIO Group:
• Use Joint Information System(J15)protocols to deliver consistent and accurate
information to the incident(s),the EOC or MACG and the public.
Private Sector:
• Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service(RACES)and Amateur Radio
Emergency Service(ARES)may be called upon to assist with emergency
communications needs for the EOC or MACG.
Pitkin County FOP(Revision) 44 October 2011
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION#3-PUBLIC WORKS AND
ENGINEERING ANNEX
ESF Coordinator: Support Agencies:
Designated Public Works Representative CDOT
Pitkin County Environmental Health
Primary Agencies: Pitkin County Emergency Management •
Pitkin County Road&Bridge/Engineering Pitkin County Facilities Management
City of Aspen Streets/Engineering Pitkin County Landfill
Town of Basalt Public Works/Engineering
Town of Snowrnass Village Public Works/
Engineering
Introduction
Purpose
ESF#3 is structured to provide public works and engineering-related support for the
changing requirements of domestic incident management to include preparedness,
prevention,response,recovery,and mitigation actions.Specific duties include,but are not
limited to provide for debris clearance,roads,highways and bridge repairs,engineering,
construction,repair and restoration of essential public works systems and services,and
the safety inspection of damaged buildings.
Scope
ESF#3 actions include conducting pre and post-incident assessments of public works and
infrastructure.To evaluate,maintain and restore public roads,bridges,and drainages.
Support private sector access in support of the restoration of critical infrastructure (i.e.,
electrical,gas,communications,-and water distribution)throughout Pitkin County.
In the event of an incident involving criminal or terrorist acts,responding personnel will
work to preserve evidence and will fully coordinate all activities with on-scene law
enforcement and the Incident Commander.
Situation
A disaster may result from natural or technological hazards or from an act of terrorism
that produces extensive damage grid results in a large volume of requests to save lives,
alleviate suffering and restore transportation corridors. When notified of an emergency
situation,Public Works entities will mobilize the necessary available resources to meet
demands within their respective jurisdictions.If the situation is large enough to require
additional support from multiple public works agencies,if multiple jurisdictions are
affected or if multiple private sector resources are necessary then the request for Pitkin
County EOC or MACG activation should be made to assist with resource mobilization.
Pitkin County WV(Revision) 45 October 2011
Planning Assumptions
• Local governments are responsible for their own public works and infrastructures
and have primary responsibility for incident prevention,preparedness,response,
and recovery.
• Assistance may be needed to clear debris,perform damage assessment,structural
evaluations,make emergency repairs to essential public facilities,reduce hazards
by stabilizing or demolishing structures,and provide emergency water for human
health needs.
• Access to the disaster area will often be dependent upon the re-establishment of
transportation routes.In many locations,debris clearance and emergency road
repairs will be given top priority to support immediate life-saving emergency
response activities.
• Rapid damage assessment of the disaster area will be required to determine
potential workload.
• Emergency environmental and legal clearances will be needed for handling and
storage or disposal of materials from debris clearance and demolition activities.
• Significant numbers of personnel with engineering and construction skills along
with construction equipment and materials will be required from outside the
disaster area.
• The State of Colorado maintains a computer-based resource mobilization
inventory of public works equipment that could be utilized to manage corridors
and clear debris as needed from affected roadways.
Concept of Operations
• In response to an emergency,the first responder will assess the extent,type and
severity of the area. The status of transportation corridors will be determined.
Damage assessment is a key component to receiving disaster assistance.The
quicker that a detailed damage assessment can be completed,the quicker a
disaster declaration, if warranted,can be declared resulting in financial assistance
from that point forward.If damage is beyond the capabilities of an agency's
resources to mitigate,Pitkin County EOC or MACG activation should be
requested.
• Responding equipment will contact the local Incident Commander for instructions
and clearance before proceeding to enter any affected area.They will work with
trained personnel in areas deemed safe by the Incident Commander to clear debris
in un-contaminated areas and will support those involved in direct handling of the
hazardous materials contaminated debris.
• The Pitkin County Public Works Director or designee will be the ESF#3 Lead
when the Pitkin County EOC or MACG has been activated.The ESF#3 Lead will
be responsible for coordination of all county-wide agencies providing support
under ESF#3.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 46 October 2011
• In small magnitude emergencies,requests fro assistance may be handled over the
telephone. In larger magnitude events,the ESF#3 Lead will respond to the EOC
or MACG to coordinate a response from a centralized location. If the State
Emergency Operations Center(SEOC) is activated,the county ESF#3 Lead will --
coordinate closely with the State ESF#3 Lead.
• ESF#3 will maintain copies of all information to be compiled into a Master Log
of the event.
Organization and Responsibilities
• Operate agency functions within the structure of the Incident Command System
(ICS)and the National Response Framework(NRF).
• Organize ESF#3;develop structure, identifying designated ESF Coordinator(s),
primary agencies and support agencies, along with roles,responsibilities,and
assignments,documenting this information in ESF#3 annex.
• Develop applicable standard operating procedures, guidelines and/or cherklists
detailing the accomplishment of their assigned functions,documenting this
information in ESF#3 annex.
• Develop,revise,update, and maintain ESF#3 annex in compliance with the EOP
base plan maintenance requirements.
• When requested, deploy a representative to the EOC or MACG to assist with ESF
#3 activities.
• Provide ongoing status reports as requested by the ESF#3 Lead.
• Maintain updated resource inventories of supplies,equipment,personnel resources
and facilities,including possible sources of augmentation or replacement.
• Document all costs and expenses associated with response and recovery activities
taking care to clearly separate disaster related work from daily work in the event
that State and Federal reimbursement becomes available.
• Maintain up-to-date rosters for notifying personnel and 24-hour staffing
capabilities,as well as, forwarding this call-out information to ESF#2-
Communications.
• Requests for additional resources and/or support are normally made by the Public
Works representative through the Incident Commander to the Aspen Pitkin
County Communications Center.When the EOC or MACG has been activated,
requests for resources and/or support will be made through the ESF#3 Lead at the
EOC or MACG.
• ESF#3 actions include conducting pre and post incident assessments of public
works and infrastructure.
• ESF#3 will assist in executing emergency contract support for life-saving and
life-sustaining services.
• Provide technical assistance to include engineering expertise, construction
management,contracting,and real estate services.
• Provide emergency repair of damaged infrastructure and critical facilities and
other recovery programs.
• Indentify staff that will be prepared to act as a representative on a Field
Operations Team.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 47 October 2011
• Designate an Emergency Response Coordinator.
• Conduct periodic tabletop and mock training exercises activating ESF 43 to
improve coordination,communications,and performance.
Financial Management
Each entity will be responsible for its own finances. In the event that disaster assistance
becomes available,have detailed records supporting necessary expensed will be
necessary in order to receive the maximum available assistance.(which will rarely exceed
75%of the actual amount claimed).
•
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 48 October 2011
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION #4-FIREFIGHTING ANNEX
ESF Coordinator: Support Agencies:
Designated Fire Representative Ambulance Districts -
Law Enforcement Agencies --
Primary Agency: Pitkin County Emergency Management
Aspen Fire Protection District Public Works Agencies
Basalt&Rural Fire Protection District
Carbondale&Rural Fire Protection District
Snowmass-Wildcat Fire Protection District
Introduction
Purpose
Emergency Support Function(ESF)#4-Is responsible for the coordination of
firefighting activities, including the detection and suppression of fires on State and local
lands and providing personnel, equipment,and supplies in support of agencies involved in
urban,rural and wildland firefighting operations.
Urban Search and Rescue(USAR)is the process of locating, extricating,and providing
initial medical treatment to victims trapped in collapsed structures or rescuing or
removing persons threatened or stranded in harm's way by any emergency or hazardous
event when they cannot remove themselves.USAR includes technical rescue activities
such as dive rescue and heavy lifting. Alpine/ruraUwildemess search and rescue activities
(emergency incidents involving locating missing individuals,mountain rescue,locating
downed aircraft,etc.)are addressed in ESF#9.
Scope
The management of a large firefighting operation is complex,often involving many
different agencies and local jurisdictions.Fires resulting from or independent of,but
coincident with,a catastrophic event will place extraordinary demands on available
resources and logistics support systems.ESF#4 supports structural and wildfire
operations through close coordination with other local,Skate,and Federal agencies.ESF
#4 coordinates firefighting support to disaster response and recovery operations that may
not be directly fire related.
Policies
• Priority is given to firefighters and public safety and protecting property,in that
order.
• Processes and procedures approved by the National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA)and/or National Wildland Coordinating Group(NWCG)are the guiding
principles for firefighting.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 49 October 2011
• Coordination with,and support of, State and local fire suppression organizations
is accomplished through mutual aid agreement with adjacent organizations,and in
cooperation with the Colorado Division of Fire Safety and Colorado Division of
Emergency Management when resources beyond existing mutual aid are
necessary.
• Implement alert/activation for USAR resources through the Colorado Division of
Emergency Management.
• National level support for wildfire is accomplished through the National
Interagency Coordination Center(NICC)located at the National Interagency Fire
Center(NIFC)in Boise, ID.
• Suppression organizations operate under the National Incident Management
System(NIMS)/Incident Command System(ICS).
• The coordinator for ESF#4—Firefighting is a fire agency representative not
directly involved in the firefighting incident or event.
Concept of Operations:
General
• Cities,towns, counties,fire protection districts,and other fire protection
organizations are responsible for requesting activation of the Emergency
Operations Center(EOC)or a Multi-Agency Coordination Group(MACG)when
incident exceeds local capabilities.
• Pitkin County EOC(i.e, outside county mutual aid is needed or multiple incidents
are occurring requiring firefighting resources).
• Pitkin County MACG facilitates coordination between local entities and other
counties or the State in the event of multi jurisdictional ESF#4 operations.
Organization:
Actions
Pte-Incident
• Participates in planning, exercising and evaluating the Pitkin County Emergency
Operations Plan(EOP).
• Maintains current data in the Colorado State Resource Mobilization and/or
Federal ROSS database as appropriate.
Incident
• Upon notification,a Fire Service Representative will be assigned and respond to
the EOC or MACG to serve as the ESF#4 Lead.
• The ESF#4 Lead is responsible for situation awareness(incident situation and
damage assessment information for all incidents)and determination of resource
needs from the local Incident Commander(s).
• The ESF #4 Lead coordinates incident resource needs and determines and resolves
as necessary,issues regarding resource shortages and resource ordering issues.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 50 October 2011
• The ESF#4 Lead gathers and maintains current inventories of available fire
service facilities, equipment,and key personnel throughout Pitkin County during
an incident(s).
• The ESF#4 Lead implements the Colorado Emergency Resource Mobilization --
Plan.
• The ESF#4 Lead assumes responsibility for coordinating and tracking fire
resources mobilized through the EOC or MACG.
• The ESF#4 Lead assists the Incident Commander(s)in planning for and acquiring
relief resources to replace or rotate with committed resources for extended
operations.
• The ESF#4 Lead collects appropriate records of costs incurred during an event
for all fire resources.
• The ESF#4 Lead requests supporting agencies document any lost or damaged
equipment and personnel or equipment accidents.
Post-Incident
• Maintain adequate resources to support local operations and plan for a reduction
of resources.
• Upon request,ESF#4 will provide firefighting resources for recovery efforts.
• Conduct After Action Reviews(AAR)of incident actions with teams involved to
improve future operations.
• Coordination with ESF#14 personnel for recovery and mitigation efforts.
• Inform agencies providing resources where to send records.
The specific recovery actions following an emergency will be determined by the
event.
Additional wildfire specific actions will be outlined in the current version of the
Annual Operating Plan(AOP)for wildland fires.
Responsibilities
All ESF#4 agencies will:
• Operate agency functions within the structure of the Incident Command System
(ICS)and the National Response Framework(NRF).
• Organize ESF#4; develop structure, identifying designated ESF Coordinator(s),
primary agencies and support agencies,along with roles,responsibilities,and
assignments,documenting this information in ESF#4 annex.
• Develop applicable standard operating procedures, guidelines and/or checklists
detailing the accomplishment of their assigned functions,documenting this
information in ESF#4 annex.
• Develop,revise, update, and maintain ESF#4 annex in compliance with the EOP
base plan maintenance requirements.
• When requested,deploy a representative to the EOC or MACG to assist with ESF
#4 activities.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 51 October 2011
• Provide ongoing status reports as requested by the ESF#4 Lead.
• Maintain updated resource inventories of supplies, equipment,personnel resources
and facilities,including possible sources of augmentation or replacement.
• Document all costs and expenses associated with response and recovery activities
taking care to clearly separate disaster related work from daily work in the event
that State and Federal reimbursement becomes available.
• Maintain up-to-date rosters for notifying personnel and 24-hour staffing
capabilities,as well as,forwarding this call-out information to ESF#2
Communications.
• Conduct periodic tabletop and mock training exercises activating ESF#4 to
improve coordination, communications, and performance.
•
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 52 October 2011
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION#5 - EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT ANNEX
ESF Coordinator: Support Agencies:
Pitkin County Emergency Manager Pitkin County Administration
Pitkin County Attorney's Office
Primary Agency: Ambulance Districts
Pitkin County Emergency Management American Red Cross
Aspen Pitkin County Communications Center
Colorado Division of Emergency Management
Environmental Health
Fire Agencies
Health and Human Services
Law Enforcement
Public Information Officers Group
Public Works Agencies
Wildfire Mitigation Specialist
Introduction
Purpose
Emergency Support Function(ESF)#5—Emergency Management is responsible for
supporting overall activities of local government for incident management. ESF#5
provides the core management and administrative functions in support of the County
Emergency Operations.Center(EOC)or the Multi-Agency Coordination Group(MACG).
Scope
• ESF#5 serves as the support ESF for all local departments and agencies across the
spectrum of incident management from prevention to response and recovery.
• ESF#5 facilitates information flow in the pre-incident prevention phase in order to
place assets on alert or to pre-position assets for quick response. During the post-
incident response phase,ESF#5 transitions and is responsible for support and
planning functions.
• ESF#5 activities include those functions that are critical to support and facilitate
multi-agency planning and coordination for operations involving potential and actual
incidents.This includes alert and notification,coordination of Emergency Operations
Center, deployment and staffing of resources,incident action planning,coordination
of operations,logistics and material, direction and control,information management,
facilitation of requests for State and Federal assistance,resource acquisition and
management(to include allocation and tracking),worker safety and health,facilities
management,financial management, and other support as required.
•
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 53 October 2011
Policies
• ESF#5 is responsible for establishing the local support infrastructure in the affected
municipality or county in anticipation of requirements for prevention,response, and
recovery assistance.
• Requests for County disaster declarations to enable funding through State and Federal
assistance programs are coordinated through the Pitkin County Emergency
Management Office.
• Resource allocation and taskings are coordinated through ESF#5 using procedures
outlined in the Emergency Operations Plan(EOP).
• ESF#5 staff identifies and resolves resource allocation issues identified at the EOC or
MACG.
• ESF#5 staff provides the informational link between the Pitkin County EOC or
MACG and the State EOC. ESF#5 serves as the centralized conduit for local
situation reports to the Pitkin County EOC or MACG and State EOC from the various
incidents and ESFs.
• Departments and agencies participate in the incident action planning process
coordinated by ESF#5.
• ESF#5 provides representatives to staff key positions in support of ICS/UCS.
• ESF#5 staff establishes required field facilities,supplies,and equipment to support
activities related to the management of incidents.These facilities include,but are not
limited to the Joint Information Center(JIC),mobilization centers, staging areas,and
disaster recovery centers.
• ESF#5 staff supports the implementation of mutual aid agreements to ensure a
seamless resource response to affected jurisdictions.
• ESF#5 maintains an on call workforce of trained and skilled reserve employees to
provide surge capacity to perform essential emergency management functions on
short notice and for varied duration.
• The Pitkin County Emergency Manager is responsible for notifying the State and
local emergency management organizations,of potential threats to enable elevation of
operational response postures or the pre-positioning of assets.
Concept of Operations
General
• ESF#5 provides a trained and experienced staff to fill positions within the EOC or
MACG,if activated or established.
• The EOC or MAC°staffed by ESF#5 and other ESFs when activated, monitors
potential or developing incidents and supports the efforts of local and regional field
operations.
• The EOC or MACG staffed by ESF#5 and other ESFs as required,coordinates
operations and situational reporting to the State.
Pitkin County Lop(Revision) 54 October 2011
Organizational Structure:
ESF#5 is organized in accordance with the National Incident Management System
(NIMS).The ESF#5 structure supports the general staff functions described in the --
ICS/UCS,as well as,the NIMS at the EOC or MACG.
• Conunand Support: ESF#5 supports the command function by providing staff,
incident action planning capabilities, information,administrative,logistics, and
financial support functions.
• Operations: Pitkin County Emergency Management provides staff to coordinate
the Human Services,Infrastructure Support,Emergency Services,and Mitigation
and Community Recovery Branches(various ESFs also provide key staff for these
areas);processes requests for assistance;and initiates and manages the mission
assignment and/or reimbursement agreement.
• Planning: ESF#5 provides for the collection,evaluation, dissemination,and use
of information regarding incident prevention and response actions and the status
of resources.The Planning Section is responsible for the action planning process.
This includes preparing and documenting incident priorities; establishing the
operational period and tempo; and developing contingency,long-term,
demobilization,and other plans related to the incident(s),as needed.The Planning
Section also coordinates the agencies with special technical capabilities to request
support for geospatial intelligence,modeling,and forecasting.
• Logistics: ESF#5 provides staff to manage the control and accountability of
supplies and equipment;resource ordering;delivery of equipment,supplies and
services;resource tracking;facility location and operations; transportation
coordination; and information technology systems services and other
administration services. The Logistics Section coordinates closely with ESF#7—
Resource Support and implements the Logistics Management Support Annex..
• Finance/Administration: ESF#5 provides staff to monitor funding requirements
and incident costs.
Initial Actions
EOC or MACG
• When an incident occurs or has the potential to occur,the local Emergency
Management Director activates ESF#5 by assigning staffing and activating the
Pitkin County EOC or MACG.Actions include alert,notification,and situation
reporting and coordination. Once activated,ESF#5 is operational at the EOC or
MACG on a 24-how basis until the EOC or MACG is deactivated.
• ESF#5 makes initial contact with the affected jurisdictions and reviews
capabilities and shortfalls as a means of determining initial response requirements
for county,regional and State support.
• ESF#5 maintains constant communications with the incident(s)and the State
Emergency Operations Center and provides periodic updates to coordinate
operations.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 55 October 2011
■ ESF#5 provides situation reports and other information as required to the State
EOC and local municipalities.
• ESF#5 activates the ESFs required to handle the threat or incident(s)at hand,
issues initial activation mission assignments,and establishes reporting and
communications protocols with the activated agencies and departments.
■ ESF#5 requests from the State EOC the deployment of special teams including
the Colorado National Guard,Colorado Type 3 Incident Management Teams,the
National Emergency Response Team,Mobile Emergency Response Support,
Nuclear Incident Response Team,National Disaster Medical System,Civil
Support Teams, and Urban Search and Rescue Teams.
• ESF#5 staff develops the initial Action Plan outlining EOC or MACG operations
priorities and coordinates with other ESFs to implement the plan.
• ESF#5 staff develops the schedule for staffing the operating the EOC or MACG
from activation to stand-down.
Planning and Management Activities
• ESF#5 helps maintain situational awareness of the threat or incident(s),and
ensures that situations or incidents receive timely,equitable,and comprehensive
assistance,in coordination with the State EOC, from onset to closeout of the
incident.
• ESF#5 coordinates and represents the local interest in the Local-State-Federal
operational partnership and ensures that individual applicants receive timely,
equitable,and comprehensive assistance,as provided for in statutes and directives.
• As the operation progresses from the pre-incident.phase through response and into
recovery,ESF#5 continues to provide immediate,short-term,and long-term
planning functions in coordination with the other ESFs engaged in the operation
and with those who are operating under agency statutory authorities,
• ESF#5 coordinates with the State for recovery operations until the operation is
suspended and no longer necessary.
Responsibilities
All ESF#5 agencies will:
• Operate agency functions within the structure of the Incident Command System
(ICS)and the National Response Framework(NRF).
• Organize ESF#5;develop structure,identifying designated ESF Coordinator(s),
primary agencies and support agencies,along with roles,responsibilities,and
assignments,documenting this information in ESF#5 annex.
• Develop applicable standard operating procedures,guidelines and/or checklists
detailing the accomplishment of their assigned functions,documenting this
information in ESF#5 annex.
• Develop,revise,update, and maintain ESF#5 annex in compliance with the EOP
base plan maintenance requirements.
• When requested,deploy a representative to the EOC or MACG to assist with ESF
#5 activities.
• Provide ongoing status reports as requested by the ESF#5 Lead.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 56 October 2011
• Maintain updated resource inventories of supplies,equipment,personnel resources
and facilities,including possible sources of augmentation or replacement.
• Document all costs and expenses associated with response and recovery activities
taking care to clearly separate disaster related work from daily work in the event -
that State and Federal reimbursement becomes available.
• Maintain up-to-date rosters for notifying personnel and 24-hour staffing
capabilities,as well as,forwarding this call-out information to ESF#2-
Communications.
• Conduct periodic tabletop and mock training exercises activating ESF#5 to
improve coordination,communications,and performance.
Primary Agency
As the primary agency,Pitkin County Emergency Management:
• Monitors assets and capabilities to prevent and respond to an incident(s)and
coordinates with local,regional, State and private agencies and organizations.
Supporting Agencies
• Support agencies' responsibilities and capabilities are outlined in the LOP and
ESF Annexes.
• Support agencies provide personnel to the EOC or MACG, as requested,to assist
ESF operations and provide reports to ESF#5.
• All support departments and agencies,as appropriate,identify staff liaisons or
points of contact to provide technical and subject-matter expertise,data, advice,
and staff support for operations that fall within the responsibility of each
department/agency.
• Support capabilities of other organizations may be used as required and available.
Pitkin County SOP(Revision) 57 October 2011
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 58 October 2011
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION #6 - MASS CARE, HOUSING
AND HUMAN SERVICES
ESF Coordinator(s): Support Agencies:
Designated Health&Human Services Rep. Pitkin County Agencies:
Administration
Primary Agencies: Animal Services
Pitkin County Health&Human Services Attorney
American Red Cross Commissioners
Community Development
Emergency Management
Environmental Health
Facilities Management
Finance
GIS
Housing
Human Resources
IT
Sheriff
Ambulance Districts
Aspen Pitkin County Communications Center
Fire Service
Hospital
RFTA
School Districts
Introduction
Purpose
The purpose of the Pitkin County ESF#6 plan is to provide guidelines,principles and
structure to local government and private relief agencies for coordinating the overall
functions of evacuation centers,emergency sheltering and/or temporary housing for
people displaced from their residence by an emergency or disaster,and/or for stranded
motorists during prolonged mad closure.
Evacuation centers and emergency shelters include the use of pre-identified sites in
existing facilities within an area of risk, creation of temporary facilities or the temporary
construction of shelters, and use of facilities outside the incident area should evacuation
be necessary.
•
Pitkin County EoP(Revision) 59 October 2011
Scope
Emergency Support Function ESF#6(Mass Care, Housing,and Human Services)
supports State,regional,local,and tribal government and nongovernmental organization
(NCO) efforts to address the non-medical mass care,housing,and human service needs
of individuals and/or families impacted by the incident.This includes economic
assistance and other services for individuals impacted by the incident.
ESF#6 includes three primary functions: Mass Care, Housing,and Human Services.
• Mass care involves the coordination of non-medical mass care services to include
sheltering of victims,organizing feeding operations,providing emergency first aid
at designated sites,collecting and providing information on victims to family
members,and coordinating bulk distribution of emergency relief items.
• Housing involves the provision of assistance for short-and long-term housing
needs of victims.
• Human Services include providing victim related recovery efforts such as
counseling,identifying support for persons with special needs,expediting
processing of new benefits claims,assisting in collecting crime victim
compensation for acts of terrorism, and expediting mail services in affected areas.
Definitions
Evacuation Center—A temporary short term facility,which provides shelter from the
elements,restroom facilities and information dissemination.Usually for displacement of
12 hours or less.
Emergency Shelter—A temporary longer term facility,which provides shelter from the
elements,sanitary facilities to include restroom and shower facilities, sleeping
accommodations,food services and information dissemination.
Situation
• Emergency planning requires plans that are flexible to meet the needs of the
situation at hand.Emergencies may come in the way of natural disasters,man-
made disasters and other events.The situation and needs of the citizens will
determine which centers and/or shelters are open, for how long and by whom.
• Incidents that require multiple municipalities to participate;cause depletion of
local resources;and/or multiple incidents occurring simultaneously will require •
the establishment of a county EOC or MACG. If State resources are requested, all
operations must coincide with the Colorado State Emergency Operations Plan,
Emergency Support Function#6.
• Based on the county's hazard analysis, there are several emergency and disaster
scenarios that may require a mass care response,including severe storms,floods,
HazMat incidents,fires, and road closures.
•
Pitkiri County EOP(Revision) 60 October2011
•
• Many Pitkin County schools and local government buildings are identified as
potential shelter sites. The shelter location will be determined by the scope of the
emergency,the impact area and facility availability. Shelter location information
will be provided to the public in a timely manner through a variety of Pitkin
County communication capabilities.
• Other structures such as church fellowship halls,recreation centers and sonic
private meeting facilities,may be utilized as temporary evacuation centers until all
displaced victims can be consolidated into fully staffed official shelters or if the
situation extends beyond the county's capabilities.
Assumptions
• People are generally not inclined to evacuate unless clear and concise information
is provided regarding the nature of hazards and they are given directions for
evacuation routes and evacuation center/shelter locations.
• There are not sufficient in-county resources to meet the needs of mass care during
an emergency or disaster.
• Local grocery stores,restaurants and other businesses may support the initial
shelter/feeding operations by donating emergency supplies.
• For an out-of-county evacuation,sufficient shelter capacity exists in adjacent
counties and shelter locations can be arranged and made available.
• A high percentage of evacuees will seek shelter with family or friends,or in
commercial facilities rather than go to a public evacuation center or emergency
shelter.
• Stranded motorists prefer to remain in or near their vehicles in the event that roads
clear and they may continue their travel,depending on the anticipated duration of
road closures.
• Evacuees will be provided with public information concerning the emergency.
• Pitkin County Animal Control will provide for companion animal sheltering in
close proximity to human shelters whenever possible.
• Pitkin County Animal Control will also coordinate livestock services as resources
allow.
Organization and Responsibilities
The American Red Cross(ARC)along with Pitkin County Human Services are co-lead
agencies of ESF#6(Mass Care)and are primarily responsible for providing general
public mass care as part of a broad disaster relief program enacted by the U.S. Congress
and through the provisions of an agreement between the ARC and the State of Colorado.
While State law identifies the Department of Social Services and the Health Department
as the agencies legally responsible for insuring that county residents are sheltered and fed
in an emergency,the responsibility for coordinating and conducting mass care operations
for the general public in Pitkin County have been traditionally performed by local chapter
of the American Red Cross.
Revision
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 61 October 2011
tY
The American Red Cross shall be contacted for emergency shelter management in Pitkin
County. If displaced persons are to be housed for a period of longer than 12 hours,the
emphasis should be on shelters rather than evacuation centers. If more than one mass care
facility is required,ESF#6 agencies will coordinate the provision of additional sites for
disaster victims. This includes,but is not limited to,the creation of facilities,
such as,tent cities,the construction of temporary shelters,and the use of similar facilities
outside of the disaster area(s).
Pitkin County agencies will coordinate with other ESF#6 agencies to meet the housing
and human service needs resulting from an incident.Pitkin County agencies will work to
ensure temporary housing functions are addressed and provided as needed.Pitkin County
Health and Human Services(HHS)will assist the victims with temporary human services
and economic assistance programs utilizing local,State and Federal resources.Mental
health functions will be provided by appropriately trained and/or certified mental health
providers,coordinated through HHS. •
All ESF#6 agencies will:
• Operate agency functions within the structure of the Incident Command System
(ICS)and the National Response Framework(NRF).
• Organize ESF#6;develop structure,identifying designated ESF Coordinator(s),
primary agencies and support agencies, along with roles,responsibilities,and
assignments, documenting this information in ESF#6 annex.
• Develop applicable standard operating procedures, guidelines and/or checklists
detailing the accomplishment of their assigned functions,documenting this
information in ESF#6 annex.
• Develop,revise,update,and maintain ESF#6 annex in compliance with the EOP
base plan maintenance requirements.
• When requested,deploy a representative to the EOC or MACU to assist with ESF
#6 activities.
• Provide ongoing status reports as requested by the ESF#6 Lead.
• Maintain updated resource inventories of supplies, equipment,personnel resources
and facilities,including possible sources of augmentation or replacement.
• Document all costs and expenses associated with response and recovery activities
taking care to clearly separate disaster related work from daily work in the event
that State and Federal reimbursement becomes available.
• Maintain up-to-date rosters for notifying personnel and 24-hour staffing
capabilities,as well as,forwarding this call-out information to ESF#2-
Communications.
• Coordinate with ESF #8 Lead(Health and Medical)to ensure that emergency
medical services are available to disaster victims and emergency workers at all
mass care facilities.
Pitkin County BOP(Revision) 62 October 2011
• Work closely with all other ESF#6 agencies for collecting information on disaster
victims and making that information available to family members outside the
disaster area(s).This information will include the names of persons registered at
shelters and listed on the National Disaster Medical System(NDMS)and other --
casualty lists, and any other relevant information released through local hospitals
and emergency operations centers.
• Conduct periodic tabletop and mock training exercises activating ESF#6 to
improve coordination,communications,and performance.
Concept of Operations
Mass Care:
The coordination of non-medical mass care services to include sheltering of victims,
organizing feeding operations,collecting and providing information on victims to family
members,and coordinating bulk distribution of emergency relief items.
• Initial response activities focus on meeting urgent mass care needs of victims.
• Either an Incident Commander or an appropriate city or county official will
determine the need for opening evacuation centers or emergency shelters and
commencing mass care operations based on the situation. The opening of
emergency shelters will be coordinated with the Pitkin County Emergency
Manager or designee.
• An emergency or disaster resulting in any sort of evacuation will immediately
necessitate the need for an.Evacuation Center, Evacuation Centers will be opened:
o At the onset of an incident where it is determined that evacuation is
necessary,or
o as it is identified that persons are displaced by the emergency or disaster.
• Emergency Shelters will be opened if the emergency or disaster creates displaced
victims and it is anticipated that they will remain displaced for greater than 12
hours.
• For road closures resulting in stranded motorists,Evacuation Centers will be
established.Emergency Shelters will be opened:
o If motorists will be stranded for longer than 12 hours because no routes of
passage are accessible,or
o if weather conditions create other hazards for motorists if they remain in
their vehicles.
• Disaster victims requiring medical treatment and/or hospitalization should be
directed or transported to the nearest available medical facility. The Pitkin County
Medical Surge trailer is designated to support alternate care medical facilities or
hospital overflow.
• Evacuation Centers and Emergency Shelters shall remain open only as long as
absolutely required.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 63 October 2011
• At each official county mass care facility,the county will provide communications
and security,to the extent possible. At each official mass care facility in
municipalities,the City or Town will provide communications and security,to
their extent possible.
• The direct cost of opening and operating official mass care facilities will be borne
by the jurisdiction(s)of the incident area(s)requiring the evacuation and
sheltering of displaced victims.
Housing:
The ESF#6 housing function addresses needs of victims in the affected areas,and is
accomplished through implementation of programs and services designed to determine
victim needs and the provision of housing assistance for short and long term housing of
displaced victims.These provisions may include:
• Pitkin County agencies will coordinate with the EOC or MACG to provide the
most effective,expedited and efficient plan of action to provide housing
assistance.
• Pitkin County agencies will help to facilitate short and long term solutions for
victims,which may include rental assistance,temporary housing,loans for the
repair and/or replacement of primary residences,etc.
• Pitkin County agencies will determine the available habitable housing units,
owned or in Pitkin County possession,within or adjacent to the incident area for
use as emergency temporary housing.
Human Services:
The Pitkin County Human Services Department along with other Pitkin County agencies
will assist with the provision of victim related recovery efforts,such as,mental health
counseling, support for persons with special needs and coordination of financial
assistance programs.These provisions may include:
• Coordinating and assessing the situation and implementing an appropriate plan
based on the resources available to assist all victims.
• Supporting various services impacting individuals and households,including a
coordinated system to address victims' incident related recovery efforts through
crisis counseling and other supportive services.
• Coordinating and identifying individuals with special needs within the impacted
area,to include the elderly,people with disabilities,and people communicating in
languages other than English(including sign language).
• Coordinating immediate,short-term assistance for individuals,households, and
groups dealing with the anxieties,stress,and'trauma associated with a disaster,act
of terrorism,and/or incident of mass criminal violence.
• Supporting expedited processing of new Federal benefit claims(e.g.,Social
Security,veterans'benefits,and Federal tax refunds)disaster unemployment
assistance and disaster legal services.
• Ensuring water,ice,and other emergency commodities and services requirements
are delivered to appropriate entities.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 64 October 2011
Recovery
Recovery efforts are initiated concurrently with response activities.Close coordination is
required among those agencies responsible for response operations and recovery activities
and other organizations providing assistance.Recovery operations should include:
• Public information regarding safe re-entry to damaged or affected areas.
• Continued coordination with the EOC or MACG to support on-going activities.
• Identification and provision of long-term housing resources.
• Development of a long-term recovery assistance team to help ensure individuals
and families affected by the disaster continue to receive assistance for critical
needs and necessary expenses. •
• Participation in after action reviews,critiques,and reports.
• Changes to standard operating procedures and this ESF#6 plan to improve future
operations.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 65 October 2011
Pitkin County BOP(Revision) 66 October 2011
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION #7- RESOURCE SUPPORT
ESF Coordinator Supporting Agencies:
Pitkin County Emergency Manager Ambulance Districts
American Red Cross
Primary Agency: Fire Service
Pitkin County Emergency Management Hospitals
Local Government Administration(County, Law Enforcement
Municipal and/or special district) Metropolitan Districts
Other Local Government
Pitkin County Health&Human Services
Private Sector
Public Works Agencies
RFTA
School Districts
Introduction
Purpose
The purpose of Emergency Support Function ESF#7—Resource Support is to support
logistical and resource support to entities involved in emergency response and recovery
efforts for an emergency or disaster that impacts Pitkin County.
Scope
ESF#7 is responsible for providing direct and active support to emergency response and
recovery efforts during the initial response phase following a disaster.This support
includes locating,procuring,and issuing resources,such as,supplies,office space,office
equipment,fuel,contracting services,personnel,heavy equipment,generators and
transportation of such in coordination with Pitkin County Emergency Management
(PCEM).
ESF#7 also provides for logistical support for requirements not specifically identified in
the other emergency support functions and may be resources unique to the emergency
itself. Resource support also involves the effort and activity necessary to evaluate,locate,
procure,and provide essential material resources throughout the event. Resource support
activities must be ongoing and coordinated in the local EOC or MACG and in field
incident command posts.
Situation
• During emergency and disaster conditions,communities and possibly the entire
county may be isolated due to problems with the transportation and
communication infrastructure.
• The Aspen Pitkin County Communications Center may become inundated with
emergency telephone calls and resource capabilities can be overwhelmed.
Pitkin County BOP(Revision) 67 October 2011
• The EOC or MACG shall have the capacity to facilitate foreseeable logistical
requirements;however,there will be shortages of a wide variety of supplies,
personnel and resources to support a very large incident or numerous —
simultaneous smaller incidents and to provide basic human needs for emergency —
population survival.
Planning Assumptions
• All ESF#7 support agencies will be notified and tasked to provide 24-hour
representation as necessary. Successful sustained emergency and disaster
operations are contingent upon an efficient and effective resource support
function.
• Each support agency is responsible for ensuring sufficient program staff is
available to report to and support the EOC or MACG and to carry out the
activities tasked to their organization on a continuous basis.
• Individuals representing agencies supporting the staffing of the ESF#7 will have
extensive knowledge regarding resources and capabilities of their respective
agencies and have access to the appropriate authority for committing such
resources during activation.
• Transport of resources may require staging areas and support from ESF#1
(Transportation).
• Staging areas will be pre-determined to the degree possible.
Concept of Operations
• Pitkin County Emergency Management is responsible for planning,coordinating,
and managing the resource support needed in ESF#7.
• Capabilities and resources committed to ESF#7 will be allocated and coordinated
by the EOC or MACG based upon the policy group priorities.
• The primary source of equipment,supplies,and personnel shall be made from
existing support agencies' resources and local resources outside the impacted area.
• Support which cannot be provided from these sources will be obtained through the
State EOC and/or commercial sources.
• Logistical support necessary to save lives will receive first priority.
• Massive requests for resources will be accompanied by a disaster declaration,
which,should also include provisions for changes in procedures for purchasing.
Organization and Responsibilities
During an emergency or disaster,the primary and support agencies of ESF#7 will assign
personnel to the EOC or MACG.In addition,ESF#7 will:
Organization
• Operate under the direction of the EOC or MACG Manager.
• Operate during the emergency,either in the EOC or MACG,or at a location
designated by the Logistics Section in coordination with the EOC or MACG
Manager.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 68 October 2011
• Alert designated primary personnel of possible resource needs and to report to the
EOC or MACG.
• Maintain liaison with other ESFs and appropriate parties.This will be
accomplished through the coordination of the EOC or MACG Manger.
• At the tasking of the EOC or MACG Manager,take action if another ESF requires
assistance in obtaining needed items.ESF #7 finds a source for needed items and
provides to the requesting ESF the name of the contact person,the price,and
schedule for when the material can be made available at the established location.
• Pitkin County Finance Department personnel will be available to ESF#7 when the
EOC or MACG is activated. When needed, for example of long activation periods
or intense activation over a short time frame,finance personnel from other support
agencies may be call in to the EOC or MACG to participate in ESF#7. Support
agency personnel may be asked to help locate sources of needed items while
posted at their own agencies. Purchasing needs that cannot be handled from the
Incident Command Post(s)will be sent to the EOC or MACG.
Notification
• The EOC or MACG will implement the activation plan to notify appropriate
personnel and other support personnel.
• Personnel may either be placed on standby or requested for immediate response.
• All support agency contact persons for ESE#7 will be instructed to alert their
contacts throughout the county to ensure all available resources are on standby.
• Response-specific inventories of resources,including but not limited to,pre-
arranged staging areas, government buildings,public facilities and agency
contacts will be reviewed.
Actions
Preparedness
• Place appropriate personnel on standby or direct to staging areas with some
facilities staffed for immediate response.
• Stage resources near the expected impact/emergency areas when possible.
• The available resources and facilities that are necessary for an emergency will be
identified and assessed for possible activation.
Response
• Some support agencies may be directed to respond with personnel and other
resources.
• Assess initial reports from impacted area to identify potential resource support
needs.
• Establish a resource support tracking and accounting system.
• Buildings may be acquired for staging area warehouses or to replace damaged or
destroyed facilities.
• Make available technical advisors in the areas of procurement,storage,and
transportation.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 69 October 2011
• Make necessary arrangements for"rapid turnaround"for printing,photographic
reproduction,layouts,blueprints,forms and formats,and other graphic needs as
required.
• Communication resources will be provided in coordination with ESF#2
(Communications).
• Transportation needs will be provided in coordination with ESF#1
(Transportation).
• The Pitkin County Attorney's Office on behalf of the EOC or MACG will
facilitate and coordinate contractual services between the county and commercial
sources.
• Office furniture, equipment,and supplies will be provided from existing
inventories or will be procured.
• Food and fuel will be provided with cooperation of ESFs#1,#11 (Agriculture and
Natural Resources) and#12 (Energy and Public Utilities).
• Security for staging areas and facilities will be provided by ESF#13 (Public
Safety and Security).
• ESF#7 will provide a report listing all supplies ordered and en-route to staging
area personnel before they depart the EOC or MACG for the staging area.
Recovery
• ESF#7 will support PCEM with providing logistical support for staff movement.
• Procuring equipment after disaster events.
Mitigation
• Establish resource and vendor lists in advance and update as needed.
• Encourage municipalities and special districts to work with County Emergency
Managers and EOC personnel to build data bases for acquisition of goods and
services that may be needed for preparedness,response,and recovery operations.
Direction and Control
• Pitkin County Emergency Management Department is responsible to the Board of
County Commissioners for the operations of the Department during normal
operations and emergencies.
• In times of emergency,when the EOC or MACG is in operation,the Emergency
Management Director works directly with the senior County Official in the EOC
or MACG to meet the needs of this support function,countywide.
• The Emergency Management Director is authorized to make decisions and
manage,control,and coordinate resources.
• ESF#7 supports the Supply Unit of the Logistics Section for incidents.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 70 October 2011
Responsibilities
All ESF#7 agencies will:
• Operate agency functions within the structure of the Incident Command System
(ICS) and the National Response Framework(NRF).
• Organize ESF#7;develop structure,identifying designated ESF Coordinator(s),
primary agencies and support agencies,along with roles,responsibilities,and
assignments,documenting this information in ESF#7 annex.
• Develop applicable standard operating procedures, guidelines and/or checklists
detailing the accomplishment of their assigned functions, documenting this
information in ESF#7 annex.
• Develop,revise,update,and maintain ESF#7 annex in compliance with the EOP
base plan maintenance requirements.
• When requested,deploy a representative to the EOC or MACG to assist with ESF
#7 activities.
• Provide ongoing status reports as requested by the ESF#7 Lead.
• Maintain updated resource inventories of supplies, equipment,personnel resources
and facilities, including possible sources of augmentation or replacement.
• Document all costs and expenses associated with response and recovery activities
taking care to clearly separate disaster related work from daily work in the event
that State and Federal reimbursement becomes available.
• Maintain up-to-date rosters for notifying personnel and 24-hour staffing
capabilities,as well as,forwarding this call-out information to ESF#2-
Communications.
• Conduct periodic tabletop and mock training exercises activating ESF#7 to
improve coordination,communications,and performance.
Pitkin County Emergency Management
• Responsible for allocating and coordinating resources and support activities
through ESF#7.Designated county departments will furnish resources as
required.
• Such support will be terminated at the earliest practical time.
• Enlist support staff for the procurement of commodities and services,the leasing
of buildings,and other facilities and facilities management.
• Coordinate and allocate available food,equipment, and supplies as necessary.
• Serve as the primary agency for ESF#7 and be present at the EOC or MACG
and/or be on call on a 24-hour basis.
Finance Management
• The Pitkin County Finance Director or designee is notified when the EOC or
MACG is activated.
• Expenditures for cost tracking and recovery are documented during the incident
response and will continue through the incident recovery and close out period.
• The EOC or MACG Manager and Finance Department will work with ESF#7
personnel in keeping the Pitkin County Administration and Commissioners
appraised of expenditures based upon standard accounting procedures.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 71 October 2011
• Each support agency is responsible for tracking its own costs associated with ESF
#7 operations using standard procedures established by the support agency's
standard accounting and tracking procedures.
• In concurrence with the EOC or MACG,each support agency will file for
reimbursement of costs it incurs through its own agency's accounting and
reimbursement filing system.
• Each support agency is responsible for monitoring staff hours using its own
tracking system and requesting financial reimbursement for staff hours incurred in
association with ESF#7 operations.
• The EOC or MACG will provide appropriate forms and provide guidance to
complete forms for efficient tracking and reimbursement.
•
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 72 October 2011
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION #8 - PUBLIC HEALTH AND
MEDICAL SERVICES ANNEX
-
ESF Coordinator: Support Agencies:
Designated Health/Medical Representative American Red Cross
Aspen Counseling Center
Primary Agencies: Fire Departments
Pitkin County Health&Human Services Law Enforcement Agencies
Community Health Services, Inc. County Emergency Management
Aspen Valley Hospital Pitkin County Environmental Health
Ambulance Districts Public Works Agencies
Pitkin County Coroner Valley View Hospital
Introduction
Purpose
The purpose of Emergency Support Function(ESF)#8—Public Health and Medical
Services is to provide a coordinated response for the protection of Pitkin County's public
health,emergency medical care,and fatality and mortuary needs in an emergency
situation. It provides a structure consistent with the National Response Framework(NRF)
and National Incident Management System(NIMS)from which to coordinate emergency
activities to protect and provide essential life and health services,and to provide for the
respectful and lawful handling of human remains.It recognizes the need for pre-event
preparedness and coordination during developing potential health and medical situations.
Scope
The scope of ESF#8 is to provide direct assistance in identifying,and meeting public
health and medical needs of victims of an emergency or disaster situation. The direct
assistance is categorized in the following core functional areas:
• Assessment and monitoring of Pitkin County community health and medical
needs,including mental health;
• Continuity of water and sanitation services;
• Emergency medical services and care;
• Medical equipment and supplies;
• Fatality management;
• Mortuary management:
Policies
The policies guiding actions by the primary responsible agencies under ESF#8 are:
• The primary ESF agencies will be dependant upon the current situation.
• The ESF#8 Coordinator will make notifications and coordinate the appropriate
personnel from ESF #8 to respond and fulfill the responsibilities of the ESF.
• Community Health Services,Inc.,will be the primary coordinating agency for this
ESF in the matter pertaining to Public Health.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 73 October 2011
• The Ambulance Districts will be the primary coordinating agencies for this ESF in
matters pertaining to Emergency Medical Care.
• The Pitkin County Coroner's Office will be the primary coordinating agency for
this ESF in matters pertaining to Fatality Investigation and Mortuary
Management.
• The adoption of this Annex to the Pitkin County Emergency Operations Plan
(EOP)does not alter or impede the existing authorities of any department or
agency supporting ESF#8.
• The EOC or MACG facilitates the coordination of the overall County response ,
including ESF#8 and all other Emergency Support Functions.
• As necessary, during the ESF#8 activations,Community Health Services,Inc.
will maintain frequent communications with the Colorado Department of Public
Health and Environment(CDPHE)Command Center.
• The Joint Information Center(RC),established in support of the Pitkin County
EOC or MACG,is authorized to release general medical and public health
information to the public after consultation with all impacted agencies.To ensure
patient confidentiality,the release of medical information by ESF#8 will be in
accordance with the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act
(HIPAA).
• The ESF#8 Lead is responsible for consulting with and organizing State,Federal
and local medical subject matter experts,disaster medical and mortuary subject
matter experts and teams,as needed.
Situation and Assumptions
Situation
• A comprehensive ESF#8 system and support network is essential at anytime,but
becomes vital during emergency situations.
. • Pitkin County and its partners have sufficient ESF#8 capability and capacity to
handle routine health care, medical services,and mortuary requirements.
Capability Assumptions
• A large-scale emergency situation may significantly increase demand for public
health, mental health,medical,and mortuary requirements in the County.
• The release of toxic or hazardous materials may result in human and
environmental contamination.
• During severe weather conditions, County EMS and resdue operations may be
temporarily suspended to protect the responders from dangerous conditions.
• Disaster events involving multiple patients,mass care and/or fatalities will be
managed according to the Central Mountains Regional Area Trauma Advisory
Council(RETAC)Mass Casualty Incident Plan as coordinated by the on-scene
Incident Commander in coordination with the EOC or MACG.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 74 October 2011
Capacity Assumptions
• Any large-scale emergency or disaster will result in increased demands on all
public health,medical services,and mental health services.
• Disruption of the County's communications systems will severely impede the
timely delivery of emergency medical response services and coordination with
facilities.
• Many injuries,both minor and relatively severe,will be self-treated by the public.
• EMS has a limited capacity to handle mass casualty incidents and will require
significant support from local fire districts and mutual aid from surrounding
jurisdictions in order to treat and transport patients.
• Patients from a mass casualty incident will initially be transported to local
facilities generating a need fix those facilities to activate their disaster plans and
requiring coordination of transports to hospitals outside of Pitkin County.
• When local resources can no longer meet the demand of the situation,regional,
State and Federal resources may be requested.
• An emergency situation involving large areas of the County may adversely affect
local resource response capabilities and damage the existing medical
infrastructure.
• Under certain circumstances,it may be necessary to relocate hospital functions
and patients,including the seriously ill(surge capacity).
• When local resources can no longer meet the demands of the emergency situation,
additional resource requirements will be requested through agreement and/or
mutual aid. The County Emergency Manager will request assistance from the
State of Colorado ESF#8 through the Colorado DEM or State EOC and
specialized teams and assistance from FEMA.
Concept of Operations
During an emergency situation in Pitkin County,public health,mental health,medical,
and mortuary requirements and outside assistance for health and medical emergency
operations will be under the control of the Incident Commander and/or an Incident
Management Team and coordinated and prioritized in the Pitkin County EOC or MACG.
•
Upon activation of the ESF#8 function,notification of all primary ESF#8 agencies is
required.
Organization
• A significant disaster event may cause injuries to a considerable number of people
resulting in physical,biological,or mental health impact throughout the affected
area,and create a widespread need for medical care or public guidance.
• Emergency operations for health and mental health services will be an extension
of normal agency and facility responsibilities.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 75 October 2011
• Existing emergency medical facilities:
Aspen Valley Hospital
24/7 contact phone: 970-544-1363 (House Supervisor) —
Valley View Hospital —
24/7 contact phone:-970-928-6816(On-Call Administrator)
• Pitkin County has two Mass Casualty Incident(MCI)trailers that have equipment
capabilities to handle a number of victims in a treatment area. They are deployed
at the request of the Incident Commander.
• Disaster Mortuary Response Team(DMORT)—a request for DMORT assistance
must be made by the County Coroner or Board of County Commissioners
(BOCC).
• Special needs populations may be defined as people who have limited knowledge
of an event or limited ability to relocate because of a special need. Special needs
populations have bathers caused by,but not limited to;language,physical or
mental disability,health problem,and age. Agencies that have information about
or resources to reach special needs groups are:
Aspen Counseling Center 970-920=5555
Community Health Services,Inc. 970-920-5420
Pitkin County Health&Human Services 970-920-5766
Pitkin County Senior Services 970-920-5432
Pitkin County Sheriff's Office 970-920-5300
• Information about injured people within Pitkin County will be tracked by
ambulance services and medical receiving facilities.
Initial Actions
Pitkin County Health and Human Services
• To the best of its ability,Community Health Services, Inc.will provide timely and
effective services,including,but not limited to;disease surveillance,health
promotion,mitigate the effects of an emergency or event based on the needs of the
community.
• If required,Community Health Services, Inc.will establish mass medication sites
to dispense needed medication or vaccinations to emergency workers and/or the
general public.
• Strategic National Stockpile (SNS)assets, if required,will be requested from
CDPHE and Colorado DEM via the Pitkin County EOC or MACG. Local
distribution of SNS assets is coordinated through Community Health Services,
Inc.
• The Pitkin County Health and Human Services Director has the statutory authority
to issues written orders for Quarantine and Isolation.The issuance and
enforcement of such orders during a public health emergency will be coordinated
through the BOCC and with law enforcement.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 76 October 2011
• The Pitkin County Health and Human Services Director may order inspections of
damaged housing, emergency shelters,and public facilities as necessary,to
• determine the need for emergency repairs,pest control,sanitation,or other health — .
related protective procedures.
• The Pitkin County Health and Human Services Director will identify the need for
mental health services.
Environmental Health
• The Pitkin County Environmental Health Department will be the lead agency in
providing for food and water safety.
Mental Health
• The Aspen Counseling Center in conjunction with community resources will
provide support to agencies and people impacted by an emergency situation
incident.
Medical Services
• During emergency medical situations,on-scene incident command functions will
be performed by the ambulance district having jurisdiction.
• Medical transport may also be provided by other ambulance providers,fire district
personnel,mass transit vehicles,such as,buses,or aviation medical services.
• Aspen Valley Hospital,Valley View Hospital and local emergency clinics,when
opened,will receive patients during emergency situations.
• EMSystems will be used by the hospitals and/or the EOC or MACE to assist with
patient assignment and medical transport routing if the needed medical service is
not available at the hospital,or there are no bed spaces available.
• Aspen Valley Hospital may also provide for secondary decontamination of
contaminated patients on hospital grounds,if required,but may require assistance
from outside agencies.
• The Central Mountain RETAC Coordinator may be called upon to provide
technical assistance to ESF#8.
Fatality and Mortuary
• The Pitkin County Coroner will identify and take charge of the proper recovery of
the deceased and any human remains.The Coroner's Office may be assisted by
law enforcement officials and the Pitkin County Health and Human Services
Department.
• In the event of a mass fatality incident,additional support services may be
required,and will be requested by the County Coroner either directly or through
the County Emergency Manager from the Colorado DEM State EOC via the
Pitkin County EOC or MACG.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 77 October 2011
Assignment of Responsibilities
General Organization Responsibilities
• The primary agency for this ESF will be established based upon the specific needs
of the preparedness planning or incident and will be responsible to organize,
coordinate,and supervise emergency Pitkin County public health services,
medical service operations,fatality and mortuary management.
Responsibilities
All ESF#8 agencies will:
• Operate agency functions within the structure of the Incident Command System
(ICS)and the National Response Framework(NRF).
• Organize ESF#8;develop structure,identifying designated ESF Coordinator(s),
primary agencies and support agencies, along with roles,responsibilities,and
assignments,documenting this information in ESF#8 annex.
• Develop applicable standard operating procedures, guidelines and/or checklists
detailing the accomplishment of their assigned functions,documenting this
information in ESF#8 annex.
• Develop,revise,update,and maintain ESF#8 annex in compliance with the HOP
base plan maintenance requirements.
• When requested,deploy a representative to the EOC or MACG to assist with ESF
#8 activities.
• Provide ongoing status reports as requested by the ESF#8 Lead.
• Maintain updated resource inventories of supplies,equipment,personnel resources
and facilities, including possible sources of augmentation or replacement.
• Document all costs and expenses associated with response and recovery activities
taking care to clearly separate disaster related work from daily work in the event
that State and Federal reimbursement becomes available:
• Maintain up-to-date rosters for notifying personnel and 24-hour staffing
capabilities, as well as,forwarding this call-out information to ESF#2-
Communications.
• Conduct periodic tabletop and mock training exercises activating ESF#8 to
improve coordination,communications, and performance.
Primary Agencies
Community Health Services,Inc.
• Coordinate through the Public Information Officer Group,the County Health and
Human Services Director and County Emergency Manager in the development
and implementation of appropriate emergency health awareness and public
information.
• Implement plans to coordinate Point of Distribution(POD) sites,pharmaceuticals,
State lab services,SNS asset distribution,disease surveillance, etc.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 78 October 2011
Pitkin County Health and Human Services
• Identify special needs populations and assure information for special needs
population is distributed.
Pitkin County Environmental Health
• Coordinate environmental health activities for waste disposal,refuse, food,water,
vector/vermin control,and sanitation.
• Provide for the monitoring and evaluation of environmental health hazards and
arrange for corrective measures.
Aspen Counseling Center
• Be the supporting agency for ESF#8 in matters pertaining to mental health care
services and issues.
• Organize,train, and deploy mental health teams for support to emergency
operations in the County.
• Provide for 24/7 mental health care services during emergency operations to
include critical incident stress debriefings for evacuees in emergency shelters,
disaster victims,and all personnel that support emergency operations in Pitkin
County,including hospital/medical services personnel,and volunteers.
• Provide sites,as available, for temporary mental health hospital/clinics for
mentally ill patients.
Ambulance Districts in Pitkin County
• Prepare or assist in the preparation of plans and SOPs in support of County EMS
operations during emergencies and provide for coordination with other emergency
services(e.g.,fire,law enforcement,hospital,etc.)including private support
groups.
• Coordinate emergency medical services with Aspen Valley Hospital,Valley View
Hospital and outside agencies and representatives, as appropriate.
• Provide tracking system for injured patients.
Pitkin County Coroner
• Develop procedures for the recovery,identification,registration and disposition of
the dead. These procedures should include use of professionals and volunteers to
sort,document, and identify dead and the establishment of a morgue.
• Be prepared to recruit other professionals and volunteers to assist with sorting,
documenting,and identifying human remains,and establishing temporary
morgues,as required.
' • During a mass fatality incident,coordinate medical examiner and mortuary
operations with law enforcement,ambulance services,pathologists,the American
Red Cross(ARC),dentists,x-ray technicians,funeral home directors,DMORT,
and others as required.
• Coordinate notification of next of kin,and release remains,and deceased person's
personal effects,with local law enforcement,the ARC,clergy services,and
mental health services.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 79 October 2011
• Coordinate with the County Emergency Manager, if outside assistance is required,
for State and Federal assistance,resource ordering,equipment and supplies(e.g.,
refrigerated trucks,body bags).
• Provide a tracking system/procedures for human remains. —
Aspen Valley HospitaUValley View Hospital
• Implement plans to provide medical services for a mass casualty/fatality incident
in the County,or the surrounding municipalities.
• Track patients that come and go from the hospital. Communicate with ambulance
services.
• Coordinate with the County Emergency Manager.
• Designate liaison to the EOC or MACG and the JIC.
•
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 80 October 2011
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION #9 -SEARCH AND RESCUE
ANNEX
-
ESF Coordinator(s):. Support Agencies: --
Designated Search&Rescue Representative Ambulance Districts
Fire Agencies
Primary Agencies: Law Enforcement Agencies.
Pitkin County Sheriff's Office Pitkin County Emergency Management
Mountain Rescue-Aspen
Introduction
Purpose
ESF#9 integrates the Search and Rescue system around a core of task forces prepared to
deploy immediately and initiate operations in support of ESF#9.These task forces are
staffed primarily by local volunteers who are highly trained and experienced in search
and rescue operations and possess specialized expertise and equipment.
This annex does not include Urban Search and Rescue(USAR)as defined in ESF#9 of
the National Response Plan(NRP).USAR involves the location,rescue(extrication),and
initial medical stabilization of victims trapped in confined spaces. Structural collapse is
most often the cause of victims being trapped,but victims may also be trapped in
transportation accidents,mines,and collapsed trenches.For this function,see ESF#4—
Firefighting.
Scope
ESF#9 responsibility is granted by statute to the Sheriff of each county in Colorado.
Search and Rescue activities may include:
• Searches and rescues in the wilderness or urban areas for lost,missing,or
\ endangered persons.
• Surface or underwater searches of lakes,ponds, or rivers.
• Searching for downed or missing aircraft.
The State of Colorado has signed an agreement with the Air Force SAR Coordinator for
the Inland Region in support of the National Search and Rescue Plan.This agreement
provides County Sheriffs with the ability to contact Air Force air assets directly or via the
Colorado Division of Emergency.Management(DEM) or the Colorado Search and
Rescue Board(CSRB).
Initial Actions
• Responsible for situation assessment using the EOC situation worksheet and
determination of resource needs of the localincident(s).
• ESF#9 is responsible for coordination of search and rescue missions within their
assigned areas.
• All SAR operations will be managed under the Incident Command System.
Pitkin County FAP(Revision) 81 October 2011
• The Civil Air Patrol is responsible for conducting and coordinating all lost,
missing and overdue aircraft searches in cooperation with the Pitkin County
Sheriff's Office.
• Upon activation of the EOC or MACG, a member of Mountain Rescue-Aspen
(MRA)or the Pitkin County Sheriff's Office will respond to the Pitkin County
EOC or MACG as a SAR representative under ESF#9.
Responsibilities
All ESF#9 agencies will:
• Operate agency functions within the structure of the Incident Command System
(ICS)and the National Response Framework(NRF).
• Organize ESF#9;develop structure,identifying designated ESF Coordinator(s),
primary agencies and support agencies,along with roles,responsibilities,and
assignments,documenting this information in ESF#9 annex.
• Develop applicable standard operating procedures,guidelines and/or checklists
detailing the accomplishment of their assigned functions,,documenting this
information in ESF#9 annex.
• Develop,revise,update,and maintain ESF#9 annex in compliance with the EOP
base plan maintenance requirements.
• When requested,deploy.a representative to the EOC or MACG to assist with ESF
#9 activities.
• Provide ongoing status reports as requested by the ESF#9 Lead.
• Maintain updated resource inventories of supplies,equipment,personnel resources
and facilities, including possible sources of augmentation or replacement.
• Document all costs and expenses associated with response and recovery activities
taking care to clearly separate disaster related work from daily work in the event
that State and Federal reimbursement becomes available.
• Maintain up-to-date rosters for notifying personnel and 24-hour staffing
capabilities,as well as, forwarding this call-out information to ESF#2 -
Communications.
• Conduct periodic tabletop and mock training exercises activating ESF#9 to
improve coordination,communications,and performance.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 82 - October 2011
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION #10 -HAZARDOUS.
MATERIALS ANNEX
ESF Coordinator:
Pitkin County Sheriff's Office Support Agencies:
Designated Emergency Response Authority Ambulance b Districts i
(DERA)
Pitkin County Emergency Management
Primary Agencies: Pitkin County Environmental Health
Fire Agencies Pitkin County Local Emergency Planning
Colorado State Patrol Committee(LEPC)
Private Industry
Introduction
Purpose
ESF#10 provides for a coordinated response to actual or potential oil and hazardous
materials incidents. ESF#10 includes the appropriate response and recovery actions to
prepare for,prevent,minimize,or mitigate a threat to public health,welfare,or the
environment caused by actual or potential oil and hazardous materials incidents.
Scope
• Hazardous materials addressed under the Pitkin County Emergency Operations
Plan(EOP)include chemical,biological,radiological,and explosive substances,
whether accidentally or intentionally released.These include certain chemical,
biological,radiological,and explosive substances considered weapons of mass
destruction(WMD).
• ESF#10 describes the lead coordination roles,the division and specification of
responsibilities among various agencies,and the regional,and onsite response
organizations,personnel, and resources that may be used to support response
actions.
• This ESF is intended to provide a coordinated response to an actual or potential
release of hazardous materials,resulting from any source,including,but not
limited to;transportation incidents,fixed facility incidents,natural disaster(i.e.,
wildfire,floods,etc.) and/or terrorist attack.
Policies •
The Designated.Emergency Response Authority(DERA),is the primary response
authority for any hazardous materials incident in Pitkin County.The DERA is authorized
by State statute to provide support to other local governments at the request of another
DERA,or under established mutual aid.
October 2011
Pitkin County BOP(Revision) 83
The DERAs for Pitkin County are:
• Colorado State Patrol—for Federal,State and County roads.
■
Pitkin County Sheriff's Office—for all other non-federal areas not inside of a
municipality.
■ Aspen Fire Protection District—City of Aspen
• Basalt and Rural Fire Protection District—Town of Basalt
• Snowmass-Wildcat Fire Protection District—Town of Snowmass Village
Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA) 1910.120 and/or
National Fire Protection Association(NFPA)standard 472 shall be the guiding
documents for hazardousinaterials response.
Hazardous materials inventory,containment,and emergency planning services are
mandated under the Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act of 1986(SARA.)
also known as the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act of 1986.This
function shall be carried out by the Local Emergency Planning Committee(LEPC).
Concept of Operations
• Unless otherwise specified herein,the response to hazardous materials incidents
shall be handled by the Designated Emergency Response Authority(DERA)for
the jurisdiction.
• In the event of a terrorist event,the FBI will be the lead agency with State and
local agencies providing support and resources to assist.
• Disposal of hazardous materials(waste) is invariably handled by a private clean-
up contractor with the responsible transporter being liable for the costs of the
response and remediation of the affected area.
Initial Actions
• The DERA will provide and/or participate in on-scene command and control
utilizing unified command when appropriate.
• Deploy hazardous materials response teams to provide technician level response
to mitigate an actual or potential release of hazardous materials.
• Provide personnel to manage technical/safety requirements during hazardous
materiaUterrorist incidents.
• Upon activation,a representative will be assigned to the Pitkin County EOC or
MAC°to function as the ESF#10 Lead.
• The ESF#10 Lead is responsible for providing situational awareness to the EOC
or MACG staff,gathering resource needs of the local incident(s)and providing
technical assistance when required by local jurisdictions or the Incident
Commander(s).
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 84 October 2011
Responsibilities
All ESF#10 agencies will:
• Operate agency functions within the structure of the Incident Command System —
(ICS)and the National Response Framework(NRF).
• Organize ESF#10;develop structure,identifying designated ESF Coordinator(s),
primary agencies and support agencies,along with roles,responsibilities,and
assignments,documenting this information in ESF#10 annex.
• Develop applicable standard operating procedures, guidelines and/or checklists
detailing the accomplishment of their assigned functions,documenting this
information in ESF#10 annex.
• Develop,revise,update,and maintain ESF#10 annex in compliance with the EOP
base plan maintenance requirements.
• When requested,deploy a representative to the EOC or MACE to assist with ESF
#10 activities.
• Provide ongoing status reports as requested by the ESF#10 Lead.
• Maintain updated resource inventories of supplies, equipment,personnel resources
and facilities,including possible sources of augmentation or replacement.
• Document all costs and expenses associated with response and recovery activities
taking care to clearly separate disaster related work from daily work in the event
that State and Federal reimbursement becomes available.
• Maintain up-to-date rosters for notifying personnel and 24-hour staffing
capabilities,as well as,forwarding this call-out information to ESF#2-
Communications.
• Conduct periodic tabletop and mock training exercises activating ESF#10 to
improve coordination,communications,and performance.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 85 October 2011
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 86 October 2011
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION #11 -AGRICULTURE AND
NATURAL RESOURCES ANNEX
ESF Coordinator: Support Agencies: --
Designated Animal Services Representative Local Private Veterinarian Practitioners
Community Health Services,Inc.
Primary Agencies: Aspen Animal Shelter
Pitkin County Animal Control Pitkin County Landfill
CSU Extension
Pitkin County Environmental Health
Pitkin County Health and Human Services
Pitkin County Land Management
Introduction
Purpose
Emergency Support Function(ESF)#11 —Agriculture and Natural Resources supports
local efforts to address: (1)provision of nutrition assistance;(2)control and eradication of
an outbreak of a highly contagious or economically devastating animal/zoonotic disease,
highly infective exotic plant disease,or economically devastating plant pest infestation;
(3)assurance of food safety and food security under Department of Agriculture(USDA)
jurisdictions and authorities;and(4)protection of natural and cultural resources and
historic properties(NCH)resources prior to,during, and/or after incidents.
Scope
• Animal and plant disease and pest response includes; implementing an integrated
local response to an outbreak of a highly contagious or economically devastating
animal/zoonotic disease,an outbreak of a highly infective exotic plant disease,or
an economically devastating plant pest infestation.
• ESF#11 ensures coordination with ESF#8—Public Health and Medical Services,
that animal/Veterinary/Wildlife issues in natural disasters are supported.
• ESF#11 should ensure coordination with ESF#6-Mass Care,Housing and
Human Services,when necessary.
• ESF#11 is responsible for the coordination of efforts to prevent,protect,respond
to,and recover from,incidents affecting food supplies,plant/animal disease
control,natural resource protection and companion animal safety.
• ESF#11 assures the safety and security of the commercial food supply including
the inspection and verification of food safety aspects of slaughter and processing
plants,products in distribution and retail sites,and import facilities at ports of
entry,laboratory analysis of food samples,control of products suspected to be
adulterated,plant closures,food born disease surveillance,and field
investigations.
•
Pitkin County POP(Revision) 87 October 2011
Initial Actions
• Upon notification,an Agency representative will respond to the Pitkin County
EOC of MACG to function as the ESF#11 Lead.
• The ESF#11 is responsible for providing situational awareness to the EOC or
MACG and for determination of resource needs for local incident(s)
Responsibilities
All ESF#11 agencies will:
• Operate agency functions within the structure of the Incident Command System
(ICS)and the National Response Framework(NRF).
• Organize ESF#11;develop structure,identifying designated ESF Coordinator(s),
primary agencies and support agencies, along with roles,responsibilities,and
assignments,documenting this information in ESF#11 annex.
• Develop applicable standard operating procedures,guidelines and/or checklists
detailing the accomplishment of their assigned functions,documenting this
information in ESF#11 annex.
• Develop,revise,update,and maintain ESF#11 annex in compliance with the EOP
base plan maintenance requirements.
• When requested, deploy a representative to the EOC or MACG to assist with ESF
#11 activities.
• Provide ongoing status reports as requested by the ESF#11 Lead.
• Maintain updated resource inventories of supplies,equipment,personnel resources
and facilities, including possible sources of augmentation or replacement.
• Document all costs and expenses associated with response and recovery activities
taking care to clearly separate disaster related work from daily work in the event
that State and Federal reimbursement becomes available.
• Maintain up-to-date rosters for notifying personnel and 24-hour staffing
capabilities,as well as,forwarding this call-out information to ESF#2-
Communications.
• Conduct periodic tabletop and mock training exercises activating ESF#11 to
improve coordination, communications,and performance.
Primary Agencies:
Pitkin County Animal Control
• Primary agency for issues involving companion animals.
• Assists with the investigation of zoonotic disease.
CU Extension
• Primary agency for issues involving domestic animals,excluding companion
animals,and crop plants excluding forest products.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) : 88 October 2011
Pitkin County Environmental Health/Pitkin County Land Management
• Primary agencies for the inspection,fumigation,disinfection,sanitation,pest
extermination and destruction of animals or articles found to be so infected or
contaminated as to be sources of dangerous infection to human beings and take
other measures as necessary.
Pitkin County Health&Human Services
• Provides assistance and coordination of food commodities during declared
emergencies.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 89 October 2011 .
Pitkin County EoP(Revision) 90 October 2011
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION #12 -ENERGY AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES ANNEX
ESF Coordinator: Support Agencies:
Designated Utilities Representative Commissioners/Councils
County/Municipalities Administrators
Primary Agencies: Holy Cross Energy
City of Aspen Utilities Department Source Gas
Public Works Departments Public and Private Utility Providers
Introduction
Purpose
• ESF#12 collects,evaluates,and shares information on energy system damage and
estimations on the impact of energy system outages within affected areas.
• Responsible for coordinating the restoration and protection of Pitkin County's
critical energy systems following a major disaster,emergency, or other significant
event requiring response and protection.
• Responsible for providing information to the Pitkin County EOC or MACG on
system(s)damage and estimation on the impact of these system outages within
affected areas.
Scope
• The term"energy"includes producing,refining,transporting, generating,
transmitting,conserving,building,distributing,and maintaining energy systems
and system components.
• ESF#12 provides information concerning the energy restoration process such as
projected schedules,percent completion of restoration,geographic information on
the restoration, and other information as appropriate.
Initial Actions
• Upon notification,an agency representative will.respond to the Pitkin County
EOC or MACG.This representative will serve as a liaison with regulated and
unregulated utility companies to facilitate critical infrastructure protection and
restoration.
• The ESF#12 Lead is responsible for providing situational awareness for the EOC
or MACG and determination of resource needs of the local incident(s).
Information should include affected areas,estimated outage time and estimated
restoration time.
• The ESF#12 Lead is responsible for coordinating requests for assistance from
local energy officials,suppliers,and deliverers.
• ESF#12 Lead is responsible for coordinating and tracking assets and resources
that may be used in response to any event involving energy or multi-hazard
problems.
Pitkin County BOP(Revision) 91 October 2011
Responsibilities
All ESF#12 agencies will:
• Operate agency functions within the structure of the Incident Command System
(ICS)and the National Response Framework(NRF).
• Organize ESF#12;develop structure,identifying designated ESF Coordinator(s),
primary agencies and support agencies, along with roles, responsibilities,and
assignments, documenting this information in ESF#12 annex.
• Develop applicable standard operating procedures,guidelines and/or checklists
detailing the accomplishment of their assigned functions,documenting this
information in ESF#12 annex.
• Develop,revise,update,and maintain ESF#12 annex in compliance with the EOP
base plan maintenance requirements.
• When requested,deploy a representative to the EOC or MACG to assist with ESF
#12 activities.
• Provide ongoing status reports as requested by the ESF#12 Lead.
• Maintain updated resource inventories of supplies, equipment,personnel resources
and facilities,including possible sources of augmentation or replacement.
• Document all costs and expenses associated with response and recovery activities
taking care to clearly separate disaster related work from daily work in the event
that State and Federal reimbursement becomes available.
• Maintain up-to-date rosters for notifying personnel and 24-hour staffing
capabilities,as well as, forwarding this call-out information to ESF#2-
Communications.
• Conduct periodic tabletop and mock training exercises activating ESF#12 to
improve coordination,communications,and performance.
Pitkin County EWP(Revision) 92 October 2011
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION #13 -PUBLIC SAFETY AND
SECURITY ANNEX
ESF Coordinator: Support Agencies: —
Designated Law Enforcement Representative Ambulance Districts
Colorado State Patrol
Primary Agencies: Fire Agencies
Pitkin County Sheriff's Office Pitkin County Emergency Management
Aspen Police Department Metropolitan Districts
Basalt Police Department Private Security
Snowmass Village Police Department
Introduction
Purpose
ESF#13 provides a mechanism for coordinating and providing support to local
authorities to include non-investigative/non-criminal law enforcement,public safety, and
security capabilities and resources during potential or actual incidents or disasters.
Scope .
• ESF#13 capabilities support incident management requirements including force
and critical infrastructure protection,security planning and technical assistance,
technology support, and public safety in both pre-incident and post-incident
situations.
• ESF#13 generally is activated in situations requiring extensive assistance to
provide public safety and security and where local government resources are
overwhelmed or are inadequate,or in pre-incident or post-incident situations that
require protective solutions or capabilities unique to the local government.
Initial Actions
• Upon notification,a Law Enforcement representative will be assigned to respond
to the Pitkin County EOC or MACG to serve as the ESF#I3 Lead.
• The ESF#13 Lead will be responsible for providing situational awareness to the
EOC or MACG staff regarding law enforcement,public safety and security issues.
• The ESF#13 Lead will assist in determining resource needs of the local
incident(s)and provide for the mobilization,prioritization,and coordination of
- law enforcement services.
• ESF#13 will obtain additional resources from outside of Pitkin County through
the ESF#7—Resource Support Lead.
• Unless there is a delegation of authority by the Sheriff or Chief of Police or a
Governor's Emergency Declaration or if the Governor chooses to take command
of local resources,law enforcement activities will remain under the control of the
jurisdiction's chief law enforcement official, generally the Chief of Police or the
County Sheriff.
Pitkin County E0P(Revision) 93 October 2011
• ESF#13 will mobilize,prioritize, and assign to incident(s)law enforcement teams
and resources,as needed, for security,traffic control,evacuation,general law
enforcement duties,etc.,as well as,personnel for relief or rotation assignment
• ESF#13 will coordinate with ESF#1 —Transportation and ESF#3—Public —
Works and Engineering for assets to support law enforcement operations when
indicated.
Responsibilities
All ESF#13 agencies will:
• Operate agency functions within the structure of the Incident Command System
(ICS) and the National Response Framework(NRF).
• Organize ESF#13;develop structure,identifying designated ESF Coordinator(s),
primary agencies and support agencies,along with roles,responsibilities,and
assignments,documenting this information in ESF#13 annex.
• Develop applicable standard operating procedures,guidelines and/or checklists
detailing the accomplishment of their assigned functions,documenting this
information in ESF#13 annex.
• Develop,revise,update, and maintain ESF#13 annex in compliance with the EOP
base plan maintenance requirements.
• When requested,deploy a representative to the EOC or MACG to assist with ESF
#13 activities.
• Provide ongoing status reports as requested by the ESF#13 Lead.
• Maintain updated resource inventories of supplies,equipment,personnel resources
and facilities,including possible sources of augmentation or replacement.
• Document all costs and expenses associated with response and recovery activities
taking care to clearly separate disaster related work from daily work in the event
that State and Federal reimbursement becomes available.
• Maintain up-to-date rosters for notifying personnel and 24-hour staffing
capabilities,as well as,forwarding this call-out information to ESF#2 -
Communications.
• Conduct periodic tabletop and mock training exercises activating ESF#13 to
improve coordination, communications,and performance.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 94 October 2011
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION #14 -COMMUNITY
RECOVERY AND MITIGATION ANNEX
ESF Coordinator: Support Agencies: -
Designated County or Municipal Administrator Special Districts
Non-Governmental Organizations
Primary Agencies:
Pitkin County Government
City of Aspen Government
Town of Basalt Government
Town of Snowmass Village Government
Introduction
Purpose
ESF#14 policies and concepts apply to appropriate local departments and agencies
following a disaster that affects the long-term recovery of a community.
ESF#14 is responsible for providing coordinated measures and policies designed to
facilitate recovery from the affects of natural and technological disasters, civil
disturbances,or acts of terrorism.
ESF#14 is responsible for providing effective utilization of resources to support local
efforts to aid short-term and long-term community recovery,stabilize local economies,
and reduce or eliminate risks from future incidents.
ESF #14 is responsible for providing a government conduit and administrative means for
appropriate Federal,State,military,voluntary and private sector organizations to assist
local governments during the recovery and mitigation process.
•
Scope
• Based on an assessment of incident impacts,ESF#14 support may vary
depending on the magnitude and type of incident and the potential for long-term
and severe consequences.
• ESF#14 will most likely be activated for large-scale or catastrophic incidents that
require State and Federal assistance to address significant long-term impacts in the
affected areas(e.g.,impacts on housing,businesses and employment,community
infrastructure, and social services).
• Local officials have authority under their local ordinances,resolutions,and the
Colorado Revised Statutes to take responsible and appropriate actions in the
direction and control of disaster recovery activities.The primacy of affected local
government in defining and addressing risk reduction and long-term recovery
priorities is recognized.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 95 • October 2011
• If an effective recovery is beyond a local jurisdiction's capability, State assistance
may be required. The Governor may then declare a"State of Emergency"and the
provisions of the State Emergency Operations Plan will be implemented.
• If the situation is beyond local and State capability,the Governor may ask for —
Federal assistance by requesting a Presidential Declaration of an"emergency"or
"major disaster".A Presidential Declaration authorizes Federal assistance under
the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act(PL 93-288,
as amended).The declaration triggers the implementation of Federal disaster
assistance programs,which are coordinated by the Federal Emergency
Management Agency(FEMA), in cooperation with the Colorado Division of
Emergency Management(DEM).
• Response and recovery operations in both State and Federally declared disasters
will be conducted in accordance with the standards set forth by the National
Incident Management System(NIMS)and the National Response Framework
(NRF)•
• Long-term recovery and mitigation efforts will be based on a variety of factors
and priorities,including public safety,economic development,environmental
protection, and preservation of social cultural and historical resources.
Initial Actions
Initial and short-term recovery activities focus on the safety and welfare of the affected
community and restoration of essential services to include:
• Coordinate and conduct initial damage assessment efforts to help guide local
decision making and priority setting and to determine the need for supplemental
State and Federal assistance.
• Coordinate the restoration of essential public services and facilities(e.g.,removal
of debris from emergency mutes,emergency repairs to hospitals,and public safety
facilities).
• Complete steps for formally requesting State and Federal disaster assistance when
damage assessment results indicate that impacts exceed local capabilities.
• Coordinate the delivery of State and Federal disaster assistance programs(e.g.,
Individual Assistance,Public Assistance,Hazard Mitigation)in Presidential
declared disasters.
• Coordinate relief efforts with voluntary organizations.
• Coordinate the provision of temporary housing for victims of a disaster event.
• Manage unsolicited,undesignated donations of goods and services.
• Coordinate spontaneous volunteers.
• Coordinate disaster related information and instructions to the general public.
• Identify post disaster hazard mitigation activities to reduce future risks.
Long-term recovery efforts focus on redeveloping communities and restoring the
economic viability of disaster areas, including;
• Coordinate and integrate the resources and assistance programs of voluntary
agencies and other community-based organizations.
•
Pitkin County LOP(Revision) 96 October 2011
• Restore and make permanent repairs to public infrastructure damaged in the
disaster.
• Re-establish an adequate supply of housing, including affordable housing,to
replace housing stock destroyed by the disaster.
• Restore the economic base of disaster impacted communities,including lost jobs
and employment opportunities.
• Identify hazard mitigation opportunities and implementing long-term hazard
mitigation plans,projects and measures.
Responsibilities
All ESF#14 agencies will:
• Operate agency functions within the structure of the Incident Command System
(ICS)and the National Response Framework(NRF).
• Organize ESF#14;develop structure,identifying designated ESF Coordinator(s),
primary agencies and support agencies, along with roles,responsibilities,and
assignments,documenting this information in ESF#14 annex.
• Develop applicable standard operating procedures, guidelines and/or checklists
detailing the accomplishment of their assigned functions, documenting this
information in ESE#14 annex,
• Develop,revise,update,and maintain ESF#14 annex in compliance with the EOP
base plan maintenance requirements.
• When requested,deploy a representative to the EOC or MACG to assist with ESF
#14 activities.
•
• Provide ongoing status reports as requested by the ESF#14 Lead.
• Maintain updated resource inventories of supplies, equipment,personnel resources
and facilities,including possible sources of augmentation or replacement.
• Document all costs and expenses associated with response and recovery activities
taking care to clearly separate disaster related work from daily work in the event
that State and Federal reimbursement becomes available.
• Maintain up-to-date rosters for notifying personnel and 24-hour staffing
capabilities,as well as,forwarding this call-out information to ESF#2,-
Communications.
• Conduct periodic tabletop and mock training exercises activating ESF#14 to
improve coordination,communications,and performance.
Primary Agencies
The following agencies have these specific emergency responsibilities with respect to
recovery efforts:
Pitkin County Emergency Management
• Coordinate County-wide damage assessment and recovery efforts.
• Ensure rapid disbursement of disaster assistance funds to individuals and
government throughout the recovery period.
• Make recommendations to the appropriate governing body(s)concerning requests
for disaster declarations.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 97 October 2011
• Coordinate the dissemination of information on emergency assistance available to
public and private agencies,organizations, individuals,and families.
• Administer grant and loan programs in cooperation with State organizations for
disaster recovery.
• Supply technical information,advice,and assistance in procuring available
Federal and State emergency assistance.
• Review and verify damage assessment and assistance information.
• Task organizations to provide personnel to serve on Damage Assessment or
Mitigation Teams based upon the nature of the disaster.
• Facilitate damage assessment/recovery training to participating organizations.
• Coordinate closely with County entities for assessment/recovery activities.
• Provide regular updates of information to PIO and ESF#5—Emergency
Management for use in the development of information packets,briefing
information,displays,news releases,etc.
All Offices/Departments
• Serve on Damage Assessment and/or Mitigation Teams,as required.
• Provide personnel to temporarily support recovery activities as requested by the
Director of Emergency Management.
• Assist in operating phone lines for recovery information.
• Coordinate with Emergency Management for the identification of disaster
recovery programs and assistance.
Adult Services
• Provide support and assistance to older disaster victims located within Pitkin
County,including,but not limited to the following:
o Maintain a presence at the EOC or MACG and/or Disaster Recovery
Centers.
o Inform older disaster victims and their families of disaster assistance
programs and other assistance,including referring older disaster victims to
the National Tele-Registration Center and/or assist with the tele-
registration process.
o Assist older disaster victims in establishing eligibility and completing
applications for disaster assistance programs.Provide follow-up and
advocacy to assure that individuals are able to complete the application
process and/or receive eligible assistance.
o Inform older disaster victims,aging network staff and emergency
management staff of services the area agencies on aging and related
service providers can provide including,but not limited to,alternative
housing,home repair,chores,meals,and counseling.
o Collaborate with disaster relief organizations to address unmet service
needs of older disaster victims.
Pitkin County EDP(Revision) 98 October 2011
o Represent the needs and interests of the aging network and older adults at
the EOC or MACG.
o Coordinate the Aging Network's presence at Disaster Recovery Centers _
during a State or federally declared disaster.
Attorney's Office
• Assist in the preparation of disaster declarations and emergency resolutions to
expedite recovery efforts.
• Provide legal advice for proposed actions.
Schools
• Assist in the dissemination of information to families adversely affected by
disasters.
• Assist in utilization of school facilities for temporary emergency use,as
necessary.
Human Services
• Coordinate the implementation of a comprehensive program of emergency
assistance to families following a disaster to include:
o Aid to Dependent Children
o Emergency Food Stamp Program
o Inter-County welfare operations
o Non-deferrable grants
o Welfare inquiries
o Medical assistance programs
• Maintain liaison with private relief organizations and public agencies during the
operation of mass care centers.
• Provide representatives,as needed,to give advice and assistance to disaster
affected individuals.
• Assist private relief organizations and/or public agencies in distributing
emergency supplies.
• Coordinate with public agencies and private relief organizations for the operation
of mass care centers following a disaster.
• Process requests,assist in reuniting families and provide missing person
information,as required.
• Assist in the procurement and distribution of food products following a disaster.
Human Resources
• Provide services to procure additional workers during emergencies.
• Assist employees in solving special employment problems that may arise as the
result of a disaster.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 99 October 2011
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 100 October 2011
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION #15 - EXTERNAL AFFAIRS
ANNEX
ESF Coordinator: Support Agencies: —
Designated PIO Representative Pitkin County Emergency Management
Primary Agency:
Pitkin County PIO Group
County/Municipal Administrators
Introduction
Purpose
The purpose of public information is to establish uniform policies for the effective
development,coordination,and dissemination of information to the public in the event of
a disaster.
ESF#15 coordinates local actions to provide the required external affairs support to local
incident management elements.
ESF#15 details the establishment of support positions to coordinate communications to
various audiences. The Pitkin County Joint Information Center(JIC)is a physical
location where public affairs professionals from organizations involved in incident
management activities can work together to provide critical emergency information,crisis
communications,and public affairs support.
The Pitkin County JIC serves as the focal point for the coordination and the dissemination
of information to the public and media concerning incident prevention,preparedness,
response,recovery, and mitigation. The Pitkin County JIC structure is designed to work
equally well for large or small situations and can expand or contract to meet the needs of
the incident.The Pitkin County Public Information Officer's(PIO)Group will be
responsible for staffing and managing the JIC.
Scope
• ESF#15 applies to all local departments and agencies that may require public
affairs support or whose public affairs assets may be employed during a disaster.
• ESF#15 is required during any response or other event where significant
interagency coordination is required and when the Pitkin County EOC has been
activated.
• ESF#15 provides the resources and structure for the implementation of the Pitkin
County Emergency Operations Plan. Incident communications actions contained
in the EOP are consistent with the template established in the National Incident
Management System(NIMS).
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 101 October 2011
• Under the Incident Command System(ICS)IUnified Command System(UCS),the
SIC is led by the Public Information Officer(PIO)whose jurisdiction has authority
for the incident.The PIO has three primary responsibilities: — _
o To gather incident data. This involves understanding how an ICS/UCS
operates and develops an effective method for obtaining up-to-date
information from appropriate ICS/UCS sections.
o To analyze public perceptions for each incident of the response.This
involves employing techniques for obtaining community feedback to
provide response agencies with insight into community information needs,
their expectations for the role to be played by the response agencies,and
the lessons to be learned from specific response efforts.
o To inform the public. That is,to serve as the source of accurate and
comprehensive information about the incident and the response to a
specific set of audiences.
• When multiple public or private agencies and organizations come together to
respond to an emergency or manage an event,efficient information flow is critical
to effectively carrying out these PIO responsibilities and meeting the expectations
of various publics.The Pitkin County JIC is a centralized"communications hub"
that serves to achieve that information flow.
• PlOs will represent their own agency and speak about their agency's involvement
in response and recovery operations in an event.The Colorado Division of
Emergency Management PIO will be a central point of contact for the State and
should be kept informed,utilizing WebEOC whenever possible,about all
participating agency news and information releases throughout the response and
recovery operations.
Initial Actions
• The Pitkin County Emergency Management Director,or designee,will make the
initial decision to activate the JIC during a large scale emergency or disaster
affecting Pitkin County. The JIC will be located in close proximity to the EOC or
MACG.
• If activated to support incident information management,a request may come
from the Incident Commander,or the PIO assigned to the incident.
• The request is made to the Aspen Pitkin County Communications Center
(APCCC)to notify the PIO Group.
• Upon notification,APCCC will inform the available PIOs where to respond and to
whom they should report to upon arrival.
• The Lead PIO will be the PIO whose agency has statutory authority for the
incident. If there are multiple agencies with jurisdictional authority,a unified
approach should be utilized,when possible.
• The Pitkin County PR) Group may be activated to support on-going information
requirements of a specific jurisdiction during any incident,as needed,or may be
activated to staff the JIC during any large scale incident.
Pitkin County EOP(Revision) 102 October 2011
•
Responsibilities
All ESF ills agencies will:
• Operate agency functions within the structure of the Incident Command System --
(ICS)and the National Response Framework(NRF).
• Organize ESF#15;develop structure,identifying designated ESF Coordinator(s),
primary agencies and support agencies,along with roles,responsibilities,and
assignments,documenting this information in ESF#15 annex.
• Develop applicable standard operating procedures, guidelines and/or checklists
detailing the accomplishment of their assigned functions, documenting this
information in ESF#15 annex.
• Develop,revise, update, and maintain ESF#15 annex in compliance with the EOP
base plan maintenance requirements.
• When requested,deploy a representative to the EOC or MACO to assist with ESF
#15 activities.
• Provide ongoing status reports as requested by the ESF#15 Lead.
• Maintain updated resource inventories of supplies, equipment,personnel resources
and facilities,including possible sources of augmentation or replacement.
• Document all costs and expenses associated with response and recovery activities
taking care to clearly separate disaster related work from daily work in the event
that State and Federal reimbursement becomes available.
• Maintain up-to-date rosters for notifying personnel and 24-hour staffing
capabilities, as well as,forwarding this call-out information to ESF#2-
Communications.
• Conduct periodic tabletop and mock training exercises activating ESF#15 to
improve coordination,communications,and performance.
Pitkin County BOP(Revision) 103 October 2011
Pitkin County EOP
October 2011-Appendix A
GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ACRONYMS
USED IN PITKIN COUNTY EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
TERMS AND ACRONYMS PERTAINING TO:
➢ BIOTERRORISM
➢ EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
➢ EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
➢ ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY
➢ WILDLAND FIRES
An operational guideline applicable to all emergencies employing the National Incident
Management System (NIMS), including the Incident Command System (ICS).
100-YEAR FLOOD
The term"100-year flood" is misleading. It is not the flood that will occur once every
100 years. Rather, it is the flood elevation that has a one percent chance of being equaled
or exceeded each year. Thus,the 100-year flood could occur more than once in a
relatively short period of time.The 100-year flood,which is the standard used by most
federal and state agencies, is used by the National Flood Insurance Program(NFIP) as the
standard for floodplain management and to determine the need for flood insurance. A
structure located within a special flood hazard area shown on an NFIP map has a 26
percent chance of suffering flood damage during the term of a 30-year mortgage.
AA
Aspen Ambulance
AAD
Aspen Ambulance District
ACRA
Aspen Chamber Resort Association
ACTUAL CASH VALUE(ACV)
The cost to replace an insured item of property at the time of loss,less the value of
physical depreciation.
ACTUAL OCCURRENCE
An"actual occurrence"is defined as any natural,technological,national security or
terrorism incident that has happened in your jurisdiction for which a coordinated
emergency response or recovery operation was required. This includes both large scale
incidents that have resulted in a presidential declaration of an emergency or major
disaster and those occurrences of a lesser magnitude,which require significant state
and/or local response and recovery activities.
ACTIVE CROWN FIRE
A crown fire in which the entire fuel complex is involved in flame,but the crowning
phase remains dependent on heat released from surface fuel for continued spread.
Appendix A Glossary of Terms and Acronyms 1
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October 2011-Appendix A
ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS(CHARGES)
Any expenses not charged directly to a program,project r fire. They include general
overhead personnel and administrative services. For the state,the administrative charge is —
identified as those charges and expenses used to determine the "facilities and
administrative(indirect rate)."All activities that can be identified and charged to specific
projects(and not excluded elsewhere)are considered direct costs and may be billed with
proper documentation.
AE-I
Aspen School District
AERIAL FUELS
All live and dead vegetation in the forest canopy or above surface fuels,including tree
branches,twigs and cones, snags,moss and high brush.
AERIAL IGNITION
Ignition of fuels by dropping incendiary devices or materials from aircraft.
AFD
Aspen Fire Department
AFPD
Aspen Fire Protection District
AFTER ACTION REVIEW(AAR)
A professional discussion of an event,focused on performance standards,that enables
Agency Administrators and responders to discover for themselves what happened,why it
happened and how to sustain strengths and improve weaknesses. An After Action Review
is a tool incident command personnel and units can use to get maximum benefit from
every incident. It provides a daily review of the day's actions: -Identify and discuss
effective and non-effective performance. Candid insights into specific firefighter, leader
and unit strengths and weaknesses from various perspectives.—Feedback and insight
critical to actions that were not standard operating procedures or those that presented
safety problems.—Lessons learned and how to apply them in the future.
AGENCY
An agency is a division of government with a specific function, or a non-governmental
organization(e.g.private contractor,business,etc.)that offers a particular kind of
assistance. In the Incident Command System(ICS),agencies are defined as jurisdictional
(having statutory responsibility for incident mitigation) or assisting and/or cooperating
(providing resources and/or assistance). (See Assisting Agency,Cooperating Agency)
AGENCY ADMINISTRATOR
Agency Officials who are signatory to an agreement.
AGENCT EXECUTIVE
A policy group of executive personnel from a"key" (lead) agency(ministry)that
addresses matter pertaining to declaring an emergency,to invoking response levels,to
liaising with support agencies,to preparing a public communications strategy,and to
informing cabinet ministers(equivalent to crisis management team in industry).
AGENCY REPRESENTATIVE
An individual assigned to an incident from an assisting or cooperation agency that has
been delegated authority to make decisions on matters affecting that agency's
participating at the incident. Agency representatives report to the Liaison Officer.
Appendix A Glossary of Terms and Acronyms 2
Pitkin County Emergency Operations Plan
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October 2011-Appendix A
AGRICULTURAL BURN
A fire designed to burn cover vegetation in preparation for crop production,weed control,
or other cultivation purposes. A fire used to clean litigation ditches, fencerows, and —
cultivated fields that have an excess of dead grass or weeds which deter agricultural use.
A fire used to dispose of agricultural byproducts such as old hay, straw, fence posts,
trees,limbs,or lumber.
AIR OPERATIONS
Established separately at an incident due to the complex needs for use of aircraft in both
tactical and logistical operations.
AIR OPERATIONS BRANCH DIRECTOR
The person primarily responsible for preparing and implementing the air operations
portion of the incident action plan. Also responsible for providing logistical support to
helicopters operating on the incident.
AIR TACTICAL GROUP SUPERVISORS
Airborne coordinators who manage the aviation resources and airspace over a fire
(typically called Air Attack).
AIR TANKERS
Fixed-wing aircraft with the capacity to deliver up to 3,000 gallons of retardant,or small,
single-engine"crop duster"type aircraft with a capacity of up to 800 gallons. Both have
unique characteristics and are deployed according to the needs of a fire scene. Single
engine air tankers are usually called SEATs.
ALLOCATED RESOURCES
Resources(i.e. people,equipment, supplies,and vehicles) dispatched to an incident.
ALPHA RADIATION
One of the three main types of radiation(alpha,beta, and gamma)emitted from
radioactive materials.Alpha particles are the heaviest and most highly charged of these
type particles. However,they cannot travel more than a few inches in air and are
completely stopped by a piece of paper.A human's outermost layer of dead skin can stop
even the most energetic alpha particle; however, if ingested through eating, drinking,or
breathing,particles can become an internal hazard.
AMERICAN RED CROSS(ARC),
A quasi-governmental organization that's purpose is to provide relief of suffering and
welfare activities during war and disaster. The ARC operates under a congressional
charter and is financially supported by public donations. Internationally, it operates in
accordance with the Treaty of Geneva. It is the national organization with the Primary
Agency responsibility in the Federal Response Plan(FRP)for Emergency Support
Function 6(ESF6)—Mass Care.
ANCHOR AND FLANK
Usually,firefighters start their work to encircle the fire at the bottom or upwind side of
the fire. These points are often the safest places to create an anchor point. Any other safe
feature(liked a meadow,rock bluff;or road)can serve as an anchor too. After an anchor
point is established, firefighters construct fire line around the fire and gradually pinch it
off at its head.
Appendix A Glossary of Terms and Acronyms - 3
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October 2011-Appendix A
ANCHOR POINT
An advantageous location,usually a barrier to fire spread,from which to start building a
fire line.An anchor point is used to reduce the chance of firefighters being flanked by
fire.
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
A part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture that provides leadership in ensuring the
health and care of animals and plants.
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
ANTIBIOTIC
A substance produced by bacteria or fungi that destroys or prevents the growth of other
bacteria and fungi.
ANTIBODY
A protein produced by the body's immune system in response to a foreign substance
(antigen).Our bodies fight off an infection by producing antibodies.An antibody reacts
specifically with the antigen that triggered its formation and its function is to inactivate
the antigen.
ANTIGEN
Any foreign substance,usually a protein,which stimulates the body's immune system to
produce antibodies. (The name antigen reflects its role in stimulating an immune
response—antibody generating.)
ANTIVIRAL
Drugs that are used to prevent or cure a disease caused by a virus,by interfering with the
ability of the virus to multiply in number or spread from cell to cell.
AOP
Annual Operating Plan.Plan for wildfire response and operations agreed upon each year
by the wildfire response agencies.
APCCC
Aspen-Pitkin County Communications Center
APD
Aspen Police Department
APHIS
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
APHL
Agency for Public Health Laboratories
ARC
Aspen Recreation Center
AREA COMMAND
An organization established to oversee the management of multiple incidents that are
each being handled by an Incident Command System organization; or to oversee the
management of a very large incident that has multiple Incident Management Teams
assigned to it. Area command has the responsibility to set overall strategy and priorities,
allocate critical resources based on priorities,ensure that incidents are properly managed,
and ensure that objectives are met and strategies followed.
Appendix A Glossary of Terms and Acronyms 4
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October 2011-Appendix A
ARSON
Crime of burning property.
ASYMPTOMATIC
Presenting no symptoms of disease.
ART
Assessment and Response Team
ASC
Aspen-Snowmass Ski Company
ASPECT
Direction toward which a slope faces.
ASSESSMENT
The evaluation and interpretation of measurements and other information to provide a
basis for decision-making.
ASSIGNED RESOURCES
Resources(i.e.people, equipment, supplies, and vehicles)checked in and assigned work
tasks on an incident.
ASSIGNMENTS
Tasks given to resources to perform within a given operational period based upon tactical
objectives in the incident action plan.
ASSISTING AGENCY
An agency directly contributing tactical or service resources to another agency. The
general term"augmenting"may be used to describe this activity.
ASTHO
Association of State and Territorial Health Officials
ATMU
Air Transportable Mobile Unit
ATROPINE
An anti-cholinergic used as an antidote for nerve agent poisoning to block the effect of
the neurotransmitter or chemical causing the over-stimulation.
ATTACK
A hostile action taken against the United States by foreign forces or terrorists,resulting in
the destruction of or damage to military targets, injury or death to the civilian population,
or damage or destruction to public and private property.
AVAILABLE RESOURCES
Incident-based resources that are ready for deployment but not yet assigned.
AVFD
Aspen Volunteer Fire Department
AVH
Aspen Valley Hospital
AVIAN FLU
A highly contagious viral disease with up to 100%mortality in domestic fowl caused by
influenza A virus subtypes H5 and H7.All types of birds are susceptible to the virus but
outbreaks occur most often in chickens and turkeys. The infection may be carried by
migratory wild birds,which can carry the virus but show no signs of disease.Human are
only rarely affected.
Appendix A Glossary of Terms and Acronyms 5
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October 2011-Appendix A
AVSC
Aspen Valley Ski and Snowboard Club
AWARENESS
The continual process of collecting, analyzing, and disseminating intelligence,
information,and knowledge to allow organizations and individuals to anticipate
requirements and to react effectively.
AWARENESS TRAINING LEVEL
Addresses training requirements for emergency responders who are likely to witness or
discover an incident involving the terrorist/criminal use of weapons of mass destruction
(WMD)or who may be sent out initially respond or support the response to the report of
such an incident. Generally, all actions to be taken by these individuals should be
conducted from with the cold zone. Should personnel find themselves in the warm and
hot zones,they are to remove themselves and to encourage others,if ambulatory,to move
to a staging area away from the immediate threat and attempt to minimize further
contamination. The requisite competencies for this level of training are to recognize
(RECOGNITION)a WMD terrorism incident and to notify (NOTIFICATION)
appropriate authorities of the incident.
BACKFIRE
A fire set along the inner edge of a fire line to consume the fuel in the path of a wildfire
and/or change the direction of force of the fire's convection column.
BACKING FIRE
A segment of fire perimeter oriented opposite the direction of maximum spread.
BACKPACK PUMP
A portable sprayer with hand-pump, fed from a liquid-filled container fitted with straps,
used mainly in fire and pest control. (See also Bladder Bag)
BACTERIA
Microscopic organism capable of creating diseases.
BAMBI BUCKET
A collapsible bucket slung below a helicopter.Used to dip water from a variety of
sources for fire suppression.
BANKFULL
An established river stage/elevation at a given location along a river which is intended to
represent the maximum safe water level that will not overflow the river banks or cause
any significant damage within the river reach.
BANKFULL DISCHARGE
A flow condition in which stream flow completely fills the stream channel up to the top
of the bank. In undisturbed watersheds,the discharge condition occurs on average every
1.5 to 2 years and controls the shape and form of natural channels.
BANKFULL EVENT
A flow condition in which stream flow completely fills the stream channel up to the top
of the bank. In undisturbed watersheds,the discharge condition occurs on average every
1.5 to 2 years and controls the shape and form of natural channels.
BANKFULL FLOW
Maximum amount of discharge(usually measured in cubic feet/seconds)that a stream
channel can carry without overflowing.
Appendix A Glossary of Terms and Acronyms 6
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October 2011-Appendix A
BANKFULL HEIGHT
The flow in a stream that just fills the stream channel to the top of its banks within the
reach for which the gauge is used as an index. _-
BASE
The location at which primary logistics functions for an incident are coordinated and
administered. The Incident Command Post may be co-located with the base.
BASE FLOOD
The flood having a one percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year.
BASE FLOOD DEPTH(BFD)
The depth shown on the Flood Insurance Rate Map for Zone AO that indicates the depth
of water above the highest adjacent grade resulting from a flood that has a one percent
chance of equaling or exceeding that level on any given year.
BASE FLOOD ELEVATIONS(BFE)
The elevation shown on the Flood Insurance Rate Map for Zones AE,All,Al-A30,AR,
AR/A, AR/AE,AR/A1-A30,AR/AH, AR/AO, V1-V30, and VE that indicates the water
surface elevation resulting from a flood that has a one percent chance of equaling or
exceeding that level in any given year.
BASIN
Whole geographic area having a common outlet(such as a river, stream, or lake)for its
surface runoff. Also known as drainage area or watershed.
BEHAVE
A system of interactive computer programs for modeling fuel and fire behavior that
consists of two systems: Burn and Fuel.
BFD
Basalt Fire Department
BRFPD
Basalt and Rural Fire Protection District
BIA
Bureau of Indian Affairs
BIOTERRORISM(BT)
The intentional use of microorganisms or toxins derived from living organisms to
produce death or disease in human,animals, or plants.
BLOW-UP
A sudden increase in fire intensity or rate of spread strong enough to prevent direct
control or to upset control plans. Blow-ups are often accompanied by violent convection
and may have other characteristics of a fire storm. (See also Flare-up)
BLOWDOWN
An area of previously standing timber blown over by strong winds or storms.
BOCC
Board of County Commissioners; Pitkin County Board of County Commissioners
BONFIRE
An outdoor fire utilized for ceremonial purposes.
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BOUNDARY LINE FIRE
This includes(i) a fire burning jointly on lands of two or more parties or will soon burn
across the boundary line and the boundary line is known; (ii)where the fire location is -
known,but the jurisdictional boundary on the ground is uncertain; or(iii)where the
location of a reported fire is uncertain in relation to the jurisdictional boundary. Once the
exact location of the fire is determined in relation to the jurisdictional boundary, it ceases
to be a boundary fire unless falling in category(i) above.
BPD
Basalt Police Department
BRANCH
The organizational level having functional or geographic responsibility for major parts of
incident operations. The branch level is organizationally between section and
division/group in the operations section,and between section and units in the logistics
section.
BRANCHES
Branches are necessary to establish another level of organization within the operations
section in order to minimize span of control concerns.
BRUSH
A collective term that refers to stands of vegetation dominated by shrubby, woody plants,
or low growing trees,usually of a type undesirable for livestock or timber management.
BRUSH FIRE
A fire burning in vegetation that is predominately shrubs,brush, and scrub growth.
BRUSHING
Removing the brush and shrubs either during fire line construction or while clearing out a
work area.
BUCKET
A fabric or fiberglass container hung below a helicopter and used to drop water on a fire.
"Bucket work"refers to a helicopter engaged in water dropping flights.
BUCKET DROPS
The dropping of fire retardants or suppressants from specially designed buckets slung
below a helicopter.
BUFFER ZONES
An area of reduced vegetation that separates wildlands from vulnerable residential or
business developments. This bather is similar to a greenbelt,in that it is usually used for
another purpose such as agriculture,recreation areas,parks,or golf courses.
BUMP-UP METHOD
A progressive method of building a fire line on a wildfire without changing relative
positions in the line. Work is begun with a suitable space between workers. Whenever
one worker overtakes another,all workers ahead move one space forward and resume
work on the uncompleted part of the line. The last worker does not move ahead until
completing his or her space.
BURN OUT
Setting a fire inside a control line to widen it or consume fuel between the edge of the fire
and the control line.
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BURN PROBABILITY
The probability that a specific geographic location will experience a wildland fire during
a specific time period. —
BURNED AREA REHABILITATION/STABILIZATION
Efforts undertaken within three years of a wildland fire to repair or improve fire-damaged
lands unlikely to recover to management-approved conditions, or to repair or replace
minor facilities damaged by fire;along with planned actions to stabilize and prevent
unacceptable degradation to natural and cultural resources,to minimize threats to life or
property resulting from the effects of a fire,or to repair/replace/construct physical
improvements necessary to prevent degradation of land or resources.
BURNING BAN
A declared ban on open air burning within a specified area,usually due to sustained high
fire danger.
BURNING CONDITIONS
The state of the combined factors of the environment that affect fire behavior in a
specified fuel type.
BURNING INDEX
An estimate of the potential difficulty of fire containment as it relates to the flame length
at the most rapidly spreading portion of a fire's perimeter.
BURNING OUT AND BACKFIRING
Techniques which use fire to deny the main fire of a continuous source of fuel.Burning
out generally means burning the fuels inside a completed fire line. Backfiring generally
means setting a fire against something pressed into service as a control line, like a ridge, a
road,a river or creek, or a meadow. Backfiring is riskier tactic and is often used when the
fire is so big or moving so fast it leaves firefighters with few if any options.
BURNING PERIOD
The part of each 24-hour period when fires spread most rapidly;typically from 10:00
aim. to sundown. (See also Ops Period)
CACHE
A predetermined complement of tools,equipment, and/or supplies stored in a designated
location,available for incident use.
CAMP
A geographical site,within the general incident area, separate from the incident base,
equipped and staffed to provide sleeping,food,water,and sanitary services to incident
personnel.
CAMPFIRE
As used to classify the cause of a wildland fire,a fire that was started for cooking or
warming that spreads sufficiently from its source to require action by a fire control
agency.
CAMPS
Incident locations where resources may be kept to support incident operations. Camps
differ from staging areas in that essential support operations are done at camps, and
resources at camps are not always immediately available for use. Not all incidents will
have camps.
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CANDLE OR CANDLING
A single tree or a very small clump of trees which is burning from the bottom up.
CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT —
Provides information designed to help the planning team evaluate preparedness,
mitigation prevention,and response resources and capabilities. This includes an
assessment of community and industry response capabilities.
CARRIER
A bearer and transmitter of an agent capable of causing infectious disease. An
asymptomatic carrier shows no symptoms of carrying an infectious agent.
CART
County Animal Response Team. Assists with livestock and companion animal issues
during emergency situations.
CATEGORY"A"AGENTS
The possible biological terrorism agents having the greatest potential for adverse public
health impact with mass casualties. The Category"A"agents are:
D Smallpox
D Anthrax
D Plague
D Botulism
D Tularemia
D Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (e.g. Ebola and Lassa Viruses)
CBRNE
Terrorism related acronym which means; Chemical,Biological,Radiological,Nuclear
and Explosive.
CD
Communicable Disease
CDA
Colorado Department of Agriculture
CDC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
OEM
Colorado Division of Emergency Management
CDOT
Colorado Department of Transportation
CDPHE
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
CENTERS FOR DISEASE AND PREVENTION
The U.S. government agency at the forefront of public health efforts to prevent and
control infectious and chronic diseases, injuries,workplace hazards,disabilities, and
environmental health threats. CDC is one of 13 major operating components of the
Department of Health and Human Services.
CEDRS
Colorado Electronic Disease Reporting System
CEO
Chief Elected Official. Usually the Chair of a Board or the Mayor of a municipality.
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CERCLA
Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation,and Liability Act
CERT
Community Emergency Response Team. Citizens training to assist response agencies and
governmental entities in emergencies.
CFI)
Carbondale Fire Department
CRFPD
Carbondale and Rural Fire Protection District
CHAIN
A unit of linear measurement equal to 66 feet.
CHAIN OF COMMAND
A series of management positions in order of authority.
CHARACTERISTIC SURFACE-AREA-TO-VOLUME RATIO
The surface-area-to-volume ratio that characterizes a heterogeneous fuelbed.
CHSI
Community Health Services, Inc.
CHECK-IN
The process whereby resources fast report to an incident. Check-in locations include
incident command post, incident base, camps, staging areas,helibases,helispots, and
division supervisors.
CHECKLIST
Written(or computerized)enumeration of actions to be taken by an individual or
organization;means to aid memory rather than provide detailed instruction.
CHEMTREC
Chemical Manufacturers' Association Chemical Transportation Emergency Center
CHIEF
An incident command system tide for individuals responsible for command of the
functional sections(i.e. operations,planning, logistics,and finance/administration).
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICIAL
The official of the community who is charged with authority to implement and administer
laws,ordinances, and regulations for the community.He or she may be a mayor,city
manager, etc.
CISM
Critical Incident Stress Management
CLEAR TEXT
The use of plain English in radio communications transmissions.No ten codes or agency
codes are used when using clear text.
CLOSEST FORCES CONCEPT
The philosophy of committing the closest available appropriate resources,regardless of
agency,for initial attack or for critical need.
CLOSURE
Legal restriction, but not necessarily elimination of specified activities such as smoking,
camping,or entry that might cause fires in a given area.
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CMRETAC
Central Mountains Regional Emergency Trauma Advisory Council.Provides
coordination for EMS and Trauma services in Central Colorado and includes the counties
of Chaffee, Eagle, Lake, Park,Pitkin and Summit.
COLD FRONT
The leading edge of a relatively cold air mass that displaces wanner air. The heavier cold
air may cause some of the warm air to be lifted. If the lifted air contains enough moisture,
the result may be cloudiness,precipitation, and thunderstorms. If both air masses are dry,
no clouds may form. Following the passage of a cold front in the Northern Hemisphere,
westerly or northwesterly winds of 15 to 30 or more miles per hour often continue for 12
to 24 hours.
COLD TRAILING
A method of controlling a partly dead fire edge by carefully inspecting and feeling with
the hand for heat to detect any fire,digging out every live spot,and trenching any live
edge.
COLD ZONE
A safe area free of contamination or threat of exposure, at a hazardous material incident
for responders. The area where a command post or staging area is located.Also called the
support zone.
COLORADO START TRIAGE
The Colorado Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment(START)method whereby patients in
an MCI are assessed and evaluated on the basis of the severity of injuries and assigned
the following emergency treatment priorities:
> 0 Black Deceased
> I Red Immediate
> II Yellow Delayed
> III Green Walking Wounded
COLORADO STATE FOREST SERVICE (CSFS)
A statutory entity governed by the Board of Governors of the Colorado State University
System.
COMMAND
The act of directing and/or controlling resources by virtue of explicit legal, agency, or
delegated authority. May also refer to the incident commander.
COMMAND
Sets objectives and priorities.Has overall responsibility at an incident or event.
COMMAND STAFF
The command staff consists of the information officer, safety officer,and liaison officer.
They report directly to the incident commander and may have assistants. Command staff
has responsibilities that can involve the entire incident management team.
COMMUNICATIONS UNIT
An organizational unit in the logistics section responsible for providing communication
services at an incident. A communications unit may also be a facility(e.g.a trailer or
mobile van)used to provide the major part of an incident communications center.
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COMMUNITY
A political entity which has authority to adopt and enforce laws and ordinances for the
area under its jurisdiction. In most cases,the community is an incorporated town, city, —
township, village, or unincorporated area of a county. However,each state defines its
own political subdivisions and forms of government.
COMMUNITY RATING SYSTEM(CRS)
A program developed by Mitigation Division to provided incentives for those
communities in the Regular Program that have gone beyond the minimum floodplain
management requirements to develop extra measures to provide protection from flooding.
COMPENSATION UNIT/CLAIMS UNIT
Functional unit within the finance/administration section responsible for financial
concerns resulting from property damage,injuries, or fatalities at the incident.
COMPLEX
Two or more individual incidents located in the same general area which is assigned to a
single incident commander or to a unified command.
CONFINEMENT
Strategy employed in appropriate management responses where a fire perimeter is
managed by a combination of direct and indirect actions and use of natural topographic
features,fuel,and weather factors.
CONTAIN A FIRE
A fuel break around the fire has been completed. This break may include natural barriers
or manually and for mechanically constructed line.
CONTAGIOUS
A contagious disease is easily spread from one person to another by contact with the
infectious agent that causes the disease. The agent may be in droplets of liquid particles
made by coughing or sneezing,contaminated food utensils,water or food.
CONTAMINATION
The undesirable deposition of a chemical,biological, or radiological material on the
surface of structures,areas,objects, or people.
CONTROL A FIRE
The complete extinguishment of a fire, including spot fires. Fire line has been
strengthened so that flare-ups from within the perimeter of the fire will not break through
this line.
CONTROL LINE
All built or natural fire barriers and treated fire edge used to control a fire.
CONTROL ZONES
The areas in and around a hazardous material incident whereby entry by people and
equipment are controlled to ensure human safety and to reduce the spread of
contamination. See the following terms exclusion or hot zone; decontamination reduction
or cold zone; support or cold zone.
CONTROLLED BURN
A fire that is being contained/confined by the person(s)that ignited the fire. Fire should
not be considered controlled if no one is monitoring the fire.
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COOPERATING AGENCY
An agency supplying assistance, including but not limited to direct tactical or support
functions or resources to the incident control effort(e.g.Red Cross,telephone company, -
etc.).
COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS
Federal grants for bioterrorism preparedness and response from the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention and the Health Resources and Services Administration.
COOPERATOR
Organized fire forces of other agencies,paid or volunteers,public or private,at the local,
municipal, state or federal level.
COORDINATION
The process of systematically analyzing a situation, developing relevant information,and
informing appropriate command authority of viable alternatives for selection of the most
effective combination of available resources to meet specific objectives. The coordination
process(which can be either infra- or inter-agency)does not involve dispatch actions.
However,personnel responsible for coordination may perform command or dispatch
functions within the limits established by specific agency delegations,procedures,legal
authority,etc.
COORDINATION CENTER
A general term used to describe any facility that is used for the coordination of agency or
jurisdictional resources in support of one or more incidents,such as a command post.
COST SHARE AGREEMENT
A document prepared between a federal, state,and/or local agency to distribute costs on a
multi jurisdictional incident or an incident which threatens or burns across boundaries of
direct protection areas of the agencies.
COST UNIT
A functional unit with the fmance section responsible for tracking costs,analyzing cost
data,making cost estimates, and recommending cost-saving measures.
COUNTYWIDE MAP
A Flood Insurance Rate Map that shows flooding information for the entire geographic
area of a county, including the incorporated communities within the county.
COYOTE TACTICS
A progressive line construction duty involving self-sufficient crews that build fire line
until the end of the operational period,remain at or near the point while off duty and
begin building fire line again during the next operational period where they left off.
CREEPING FIRE
Fire burning with a low flame and spreading slowly.
CREST
The highest stage or level of water at a specific point before the water begins to recede.
CREW
(See Single Resource)
CREW BOSS
A person in supervisory charge of usually 16 to 21 firefighters and responsible for their
performance, safety,and welfare.
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CREW
Basic, organized sets of firefighters with specific capabilities and equipment. Wildfires
hand crews usually have 20 people and are supervised by a crew boss or superintendent. —
Hotshot crews are highly trained hand crews that can operate on a fire with more
autonomy than most other types of crews. Engine crews usually include three to five
firefighters supervised by an engine module leader.
CRITICAL AGENTS
The biological and chemical agents likely to be used in weapons of mass destruction and
other bioterrorist attacks. Current lists may be found on the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention website:
• http://www.bt.cdc.gov/Agent/Agentlist.asp
• http://www.bt.cdc.gov/Agent/AgentlistChem.asp
CRITICAL INCIDENT STRESS MANAGEMENT(CISM)
Has been determined to be an integral part of any emergency medical response to an MCI
event or evacuation.Regional and local teams of mental health and peer debriefs have
been trained and are available throughout the state.
CROWN FIRE
The movement of fire through the crowns of trees or shrubs more or less independently
of the surface fire.
CROWN FIRE ACTIVITY
A categorical output variable of the fire behavior models FARSITE and FlamMap
indicating the type of fire at the point specified.
CROWN FIRE CESSATION
The phenomenon or process by which an active crown fire reverts to a surface fire or
passive crown fire.
CROWN FIRE POTENTIAL
The maximum crown fire behavior possible for the specified conditions.
CROWN FRACTION BURNED
A mathematical function for scaling rate of spread between that of a surface fire and that
of an active crown fire.
CSEPP
Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program
CURING
Drying and browning of herbaceous vegetation or slash.
CUSTOM FIRE BEHAVIOR FUEL MODEL
A fire behavior fuel model designed for a specific fuel complex.
DAM
A barrier build across a watercourse for the purpose of impounding,controlling,or
diverting the flow of water.
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
The process used to appraise or determine the number of injuries and deaths, damage to
public and private property,and the status of key facilities and services such as hospitals
and other health care facilities, fire and police stations,communications networks,water
and sanitation systems,utilities,and transportation networks resulting from a man-made
or natural disaster.
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DBH
Diameter of a tree at breast height(4.5 feet above ground level)
DEAD FUELS
Fuels with no living tissues in which moisture content is governed almost entirely by
atmospheric moisture(relative humidity and precipitation),dry-bulb temperature,and
solar radiation.
DEBARK
To remove bark from trees or logs.
DEBRIS BURNING
A fire spreading from any fire originally set for the purpose of clearing land or for
rubbish, garbage,range, stubble, or meadow burning.
DECONTAMINATION
The process of removing or neutralizing contaminates that have accumulated on
personnel and equipment that is critical to health and safety at the scene of any hazardous
materials incident,including a terrorism incident. The process is designed to protect
emergency care providers to prevent mixing of incompatible substances, and to protect
the community by preventing uncontrolled transportation of contaminants from the
incident site.
DEFENSIBLE SPACE
An area either natural or manmade where material capable of causing a fire to spread has
been treated, cleared,reduced, or changed to act as a bather between an advancing
wildland fire and the loss of life,property, or resource . In practice, "defensible space"is
defined as an area of a minimum of 30 feet around a structure that is cleared of
flammable brush or vegetation.
DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY
A statement provided to the incident commander by the agency executive delegating
authority and assigning responsibility. The delegation of authority can include objectives,
priorities,expectations,constraints, and other considerations or guidelines as needed.
Many agencies require written delegation of authority to be given to incident
commanders prior to their assuming command on large incidents.
DEPUTY
A fully qualified individual who,in the absence of a superior,could be delegated the
authority to manage a functional operation or perform a specific task. In some cases, a
deputy could act as relief for a superior and therefore must be fully qualified in the
position.Deputies can be assigned to the incident commander,general staff, and branch
directors.
DEMOBILIZATION UNIT
Functional unit within the planning section responsible for assuring orderly,safe,and
efficient demobilization of incident resources.
DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR
The government agency that protects and provides access to our Nation's natural
resources.
DERA
Designated Emergency Response Authority. Assigns responsibility for hazardous
materials response.
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DETECTION
The act or system of discovering and locating fires. .
DFIRM _-
Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map
DIMS
Department of Health and Human Services
DHS
Department of Homeland Security
DIRECT ATTACK
Any treatment of burning fuel, such as by wetting, smothering, or chemically quenching
the fire or by physically separating burning from unburned fuel.
DIRECT COSTS
All costs associated with direct emergency operations and incident support ordered by or
for the incident,excludes overhead, facilities,and administrative costs.
DIRECT LINE
Any treatment applied directly to burning fuel such as wetting, smothering,or chemically
quenching the fire or by physically separating burning from unburned fuel.
DIRECT PROTECTION AREA
That area which,by law or identified or authorized pursuant to the terms of an agreement,
is provided wildland fire protection by the state or its counties or by a federal agency.
This may include land protected under exchange or payment for protection.
DIRECT VERSUS INDIRECT ATTACK
Depending on how intense the fire is, firefighters may work right up against the flames
(direct attack),or they may move well out in front of the fire(indirect attack).
DIRECTION OF MAXIMUM SPREAD
The direction of the resultant spread vector.
DIRECTOR
An Incident Command System title for individual responsible for supervision of a branch.
DISASTER
The occurrence or imminent threat of widespread or severe damage,injury, or loss of life
or property,or significant adverse impact on the environment, resulting from any natural
or technological hazards,including bur not limited to fire,flood, earthquake, wind,storm,
hazardous substance incident,water contamination, blight,drought, infestation,
explosion,civil disturbance,or hostile military action. For the purposes of state or federal
disaster declarations,the term"disaster" generally falls into the category of major or
catastrophic based on the level of severity and impact on local and state resources. Major
disasters are likely to require immediate state assistance supplemented by federal
resources,if necessary,to supplement state efforts and resources.Catastrophic disasters
may require immediate and massive state and federal assistance in both the response and
recovery aspects.
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DISASTER RECOVERY CENTER(DRC)
Places established in the area of a Presidentially declared major disaster, as soon as
practicable,to provide victims the opportunity to apply in person for assistance and/or --
obtain information relating to that assistance. DRCs are staffed by local, state,and federal
agency representatives,as well as staff from volunteer organizations(e.g.,the American
Red Cross).
DISPATCH
The implementation of a command decision to move a resource or resources from one
place to another.
DISPATCH CENTER
A facility from which resources(i.e.,people, equipment, and vehicles)are directly
assigned to an incident.
DIVISION
Divisions are used to divide an incident into geographical areas of operations. Divisions
are established when the number of resources exceeds the span-of-control of the
operations chief. A division is located within the Incident Command System organization
between the branch and the task force/strike team.
DMAT
Disaster Medical Assistance Team
DMORT
Disaster Mortuary Team
DOCUMENTATION UNIT
Functional unit within the planning section responsible for collecting,recording, and
safeguarding all documents relevant to the incident.
DOD
Department of Defense
DOE
Department of Energy
DOI
Department of Interior
DOJ
Department of Justice
DOT
Department of Transportation
DOSE(RADIATION)
A general term indicating the quantity(total or accumulated)of ionizing radiation or
energy absorbed by a person or animal.
DOSIMETER
An instrument for measuring and registering total accumulated exposure to ionizing
radiation.
DOZER
Any tracked vehicle with a front-mounted blade.
DOZER LINE
Fire line constructed by the front blade of a dozer.
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DRAW DOWN LEVEL
A minimal level of resources usually available for initial attack to provide coverage for
its area of responsibility.This level can change depending on local conditions. In the —
event that the required resources become unavailable,move up and cover resources will
be needed to maintain the draw down level.
DRC
Disaster Recovery Center
DRIFT
One process in which influenza virus undergoes mutation. The amount of change can be
subtle or dramatic,but eventually as drift occurs,a new variant strain will become
dominant. This process allows influenza viruses to change and re-infect people repeatedly
through their lifetime and is the reason influenza virus strains in vaccine must be updated
each year. (See also Shift)
DRIP TORCH
Hand-held device for igniting fires by dripping flaming liquid fuel on the materials to be
burned; consists of a fuel fount,burner arm, and igniter. Fuel used is generally a mixture
of diesel and gasoline.
DROP ZONE
Target area for air tankers,helitankers, and cargo dropping
DROUGHT INDEX
A number representing net effect of evaporation,transpiration,and precipitation in
producing cumulative moisture depletion in deep duff or upper soil layers.
DRY LIGHTNING STORM
Thunderstorm in which negligible precipitation reaches the ground. Also called a dry
storm.
DUFF
The layer of decomposing organic materials lying below the litter layer of freshly fallen
twigs, needles,and leaves and immediately above the mineral soil.
DWELLING
A building designed for use as a residence for no more than four families or a single
family unit in building under a condominium form of ownership.
DWT
Dead Weight Ton
EA
Environmental Assessment
EARTHQUAKE
The sudden motion or trembling of the ground produced by abrupt displacement of rock
masses,usually within the upper 10 to 20 miles of the earth's surface.
ECDIS
Electronic Chart Display Information System
EDI
Electronic Data Interchange
EFFECTIVE MID-FLAME WIND SPEED
The magnitude of the resultant spread vector expressed as an equivalent no-slope mid-
flame wind speed.
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EH
Environmental Health
EIS --
Environmental Impact Statement
ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE
A sharp pulse of energy radiated instantaneously by a nuclear detonation which may
affect or damage electronic components and equipment.
ELEVATED BUILDING
A building that has no basement and has its lowest elevated floor raised above the ground
level by foundation walls, shear walls,posts,piers,pilings,or columns. Solid foundation
perimeter walls are not an acceptable means of elevating buildings.in V and VE zones.
EMA
Emergency Management Agency(local)
EMERGENCY
A suddenly occurring and often unforeseen situation or an unusual event which is
determined by the Governor or the county to require state response or mitigation actions
to supplement local government in protecting lives and property.A situation which
requires saving lives,reducing suffering,protecting property and the environment,and
mitigating economic and social losses.
EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM WAS)
A digital technology(voice/text)communication system consisting of broadcast stations
and interconnecting facilities authorized by the Federal Communications Commission.
The system provides the President and other national, state,and local officials the means
to broadcast emergency information to the public before, during, and after disasters.
EMERGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES
Services required to correct or improve damaging environmental health effects on
humans, including inspection for food contamination,inspection for water contamination,
and vector control;providing for sewage and solid waste inspection and disposal;cleanup
and disposal of hazardous materials; and sanitation inspection for emergency shelter
facilities.
EMERGENCY EPIDEMIC
Cases or an illness or condition,communicable or non-communicable, caused by
bioterrorism,pandemic influenza, or a novel and highly fatal infectious agents or
biological toxins.
EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICES
Services required to prevent and treat the damaging health effects of an emergency,
including communicable disease control, immunization,laboratory services, dental and
nutritional services;providing first aid for treatment of ambulatory patients and those
with minor injuries;providing public health information on emergency treatment,
prevention, and control; and providing administrative support including maintenance of
vital records and providing the conduit of emergency health funds from state and federal
governments.
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EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
A systematic program of activities that governments and their partners undertake before,
during, and after a disaster to save lives,prevent injury, and to protect property and the -
natural environment. Emergency management activities include:
> Mitigation:Eliminating hazards or reducing their potential impact.
> Preparedness: Planning,training, and exercising for disastrous events.
> Response: Taking action when a disaster occurs to save lives,prevent injuries,
and prevent or limit property damage.
> Recovery: Restoring normalcy after the disaster.
These activities are not the sole responsibility of the designated emergency management
agency.Virtually all agencies have a role,but most particularly law enforcement,fire
services,public works,and public health.
EMERGENCY MANAGER
The individual within each political subdivision that has coordination responsibility for
jurisdictional emergency management. Person authorized to direct implementation of an
agency's emergency response plan.
EMERGENCY MEDICAL ASSISTANT
A healthcare specialist with particular skills and knowledge in pre-hospital emergency
medicine.
EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES
Services,including personnel,facilities, and equipment required to ensure proper medical
care for the sick and injured from the time of injury to the time of final disposition,
including medical disposition within a hospital,temporary medical facility,or special
care facility,release from site, or declared dead. Further,emergency medical services
specifically include those services immediately required to ensure proper medical care
and specialized treatment for patients in a hospital and coordination of related hospital
services.
EMERGENCY MORTUARY SERVICES
Services required to assure adequate death investigation,identification, and disposition of
bodies;removal,temporary storage,and transportation of bodies to temporary morgue
facilities,notification of next of kin; and coordination of mortuary services and burial of
unclaimed bodies.
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTER(EOC)
The protected site from which state and local civil government officials coordinate,
monitor,and support emergency response activities during an emergency.
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN
A document that describes how people and property will be protected in disaster and
disaster threat situations; details who is responsible for carrying out specific actions;
identifies the personnel,equipment,facilities, supplies,and other resources available for
use in the disaster;and outlines how all actions will be coordinated.
EMERGENCY PLANNING ZONES
Areas around a facility for which planning is needed to ensure prompt and effective
actions are taken to protect the health and safety of the public if an accident occurs.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE(CONTINGENCY) PLAN
The plan that each jurisdiction and industry has and maintains for responding to hazards.
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EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM(ERT)
An interagency team consisting of the lead representative from each federal department
or agency assigned primary responsibility for an ESF and key members of the FCO's
staff, formed by the FCO in carrying out his/her coordination responsibilities. The ERT
may be expanded by the FCO to include designated representatives of other federal
departments and agencies as needed.The ERT usually consists of regional level staff.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM ADVANCE ELEMENT
For federal disaster response and recovery activities under the Stafford Act,the portion of
the ERT that is first deployed to the field to respond to a disaster incident. The ERT-A is
the nucleus of the full ERE.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM NATIONAL
An ERT that has been established and rostered for deployment to catastrophic disasters
where the resources of the FEMA Region have been, or are expected to be, overwhelmed.
EMERGENCY SHELTER
A temporary longer term facility which provides shelter from the elements, sanitary
facilities to include restroom and shower facilities, sleeping accommodations,food
services and information dissemination.
• EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION(ESF)
In the FRP, a functional area of response activity established to facilitate the delivery of
federal assistance required during the immediate response phase of a disaster to save
lives,protect property and public health,and to maintain public safety. ESFs represent
those types of federal assistance which the state will most likely need because of the
impact of a catastrophic or significant disaster on its own resources and response
capabilities, or because of the specialized or unique nature of the assistance required. ESF
missions are designed to supplement state and local response efforts.
EMERGENCY SUPPORT TEAM
An interagency group operating from FEMA headquarters.The EST oversees the
national-level response support effort under the FRP and coordinates activities with the.
ESF primary and support agencies in supporting federal requirements in the field.
EMI
Emergency Management Institute
EMS
Emergency Medical Services
EMTS
Emergency Medical and Trauma Services System
ENERGY RELEASE COMPONENT
The computed total heat released per unit area(British thermal units per square foot)
within the fire front at the head of a moving fire.
ENGINE
Any ground vehicle providing specified levels of pumping,water and hose capacity.
ENGINE CREW
Firefighters assigned to an engine. The Fireline Handbook defines the minimum crew
makeup by engine type.
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ENGINE AND HOSE-LAYS
Equipment used to deliver water to the fire. Engines, sometimes called pumper trucks, are
heavy duty rigs outfitted with a water tank, a pump and a complement of hose and —
fittings. A hose-lay is a progressively-assembled series of hose sections and water
handling fittings used by firefighters to get water to the fire.
ENTRAPMENT
A situation where personnel are unexpectedly caught in a fire behavior-related,life
threatening position where planned escape routes or safety zones are absent,inadequate,
or compromised.An entrapment may or may not include deployment of a fire shelter for
its intended purpose. These situations may or may not result in injury. They include"near
misses."
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Environmental assessments were authorized by the National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA)of 1969. They are concise,analytical documents prepared with public
participation that determine if an Environmental Impact Statement(EIS) is needed for a
particular project or action. If an environmental assessment determines an EIS is not
needed,the environmental assessment becomes the document allowing agency
compliance with NEPA requirements.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT
Environmental impact statements were authorized by the National Environmental Police
Act(NEPA)of 1969.Prepared with public participation,they assist decision makers by
providing information, analysis and an array of action alternatives,allowing managers to
see the probable effects of decisions on the environment. Generally, environmental
impact statements are written for large-scale actions or geographical areas.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The government agency that leads the nation's environmental science, research,
education and assessment efforts.
ENZYME
A substance that speeds up chemical reaction. Every chemical reaction in living
organisms is facilitated by an enzyme.
EOC
Emergency Operations Center
EOP
Emergency Operations Plan
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
EPCRA
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
EPG
Emergency Planning Guide
EPIDEMIC
A disease occurring suddenly in a community,region or country in numbers clearly in
excess of normal. (See also Pandemic)
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EPIDEMIOLOGIST
A professional skilled in disease investigation. Epidemiologists design and conduct
epidemiological studies, analyze data to detect patterns and trends in disease,establish _
and maintain surveillance systems, monitor health status, and evaluate the performance
and cost effectiveness-of public health programs.
EQUILIBRIUM MOISTURE CONTENT
Moisture content that a fuel particle will attain if exposed for an infinite period in an
environment of specified constant temperature and humidity. When a fuel particle
reaches equilibrium moisture content,net exchange of moisture between it and the
environment is zero.
ERC
Energy Release Component
EROSION
The collapse,undermining,or subsidence of land along the shore of a lake or other body
of water.Erosion is a covered peril if it is caused by waves or currents of water exceeding
their cyclical levels which results in flooding.
ERT
Emergency Response Team
ERT-A
Emergency Response Team Advance Element
ERT-N
Emergency Response Team National
ESCAPE ROUTE
A preplanned and understood route taken to move to a safety zone or other low-risk area,
outside of the immediate emergency area.
ESCAPE ROUTES
Protected or hazard-free pathways which allow a safe retreat should an emergency take
an unexpected turn or conditions change that endanger safety.
ESCAPED FIRE
A fire which has exceeded or is expected to exceed initial attack capabilities or
prescription.
ETA
Estimated Time of Arrival
EVACUATION
Organized,phased, and supervised dispersal of people from dangerous or potentially
dangerous areas.
> Spontaneous Evacuation. Residents or citizens in the threatened areas observe an
emergency event or receive unofficial word of an actual or perceived threat and
without receiving instructions to do so,elect to evacuate the area. Their
movement,means, and direction of travel is unorganized and unsupervised.
> Voluntary Evacuation This is a warning to persons within a designated area that a
threat to life and property exists or is likely to exist in the immediate future.
Individuals issued this type of warning or order are NOT required to evacuate,
however it would be to their advantage to do so.
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Mandatory or Directed Evacuation. This is a warning to persons within the
designated area that an imminent threat to life and property exists and individuals'
MUST evacuate in accordance with the instructions of local officials. --
EVACUATION CENTER
A temporary short term facility which provides shelter from the elements, restroom
facilities and information dissemination. Usually for displacements of 12 hours or less.
EVACUEES
All persons removed or moving from areas threatened or struck by a disaster.
EVENT
A planned non-emergency activity. ICS can be used as the management system for a
wide range of events (e.g.,parades, concerts, sporting events,etc.).
EXCLUSION ZONE
(See Hot Zone)
EXPOSURE(RADIOLOGICAL)
A quantitative measure of gamma or x-ray radiation at a certain place based on its ability
to produce ionization in air.
EXPOSURE RATE(RADIOLOGICAL)
The amount of ionizing radiation to which an individual would be exposed or which he or
she would receive per unit of time.
EXTENDED ATTACK INCIDENT
A wildland fire that has not been contained or controlled by initial attack forces and for
which more firefighting resources are arriving, en route, or being ordered by the initial
attack incident commander.
EXTREME FIRE BEHAVIOR
"Extreme"implies a level of fire behavior characteristics that ordinarily precludes
methods of direct control action. One or more of the following is usually involved:high
rate of spread,prolific crowning and/or spotting,presence of fire whirls,strong
convection column.Predictability is difficult because such fires often exercise some
degree of influence on their environment and behave erratically, sometimes dangerously.
EYE-LEVEL WIND SPEED
The wind speed measured at"eye level" or five to six feet above the ground surface.
FACILITIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
Costs that are incurred for common or joint objectives and therefore cannot be identified
readily and specifically with a particular sponsored project,an instructional activity,or
any other institutional activity.
FACILITIES UNIT
Functional unit within the support branch of the logistics section that provides fixed
facilities for the incident. These facilities may include the incident base, feeding areas,
sleeping areas, sanitary facilities,etc.
FALLER
A person who fells trees. Also called a sawyer or cutter.
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FAST
Field Assessment Team
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FCO
Field Coordinating Officer
FDA __
Food and Drug Administration
, FEDERAL COORDINATING OFFICER
The person appointed by the President to coordinate federal assistance in a Presidentially
declared emergency or major disaster.
FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (FEMA)
The federal agency within the Department of Homeland Security that is tasked with
responding to,planning for,recovering from and mitigating against man-made and
natural disasters.
FEDERAL RESPONSE PLAN(FRP)
A plan mandated by HSPD-5 that integrates federal government domestic awareness,
prevention,preparedness,response,and recovery plans into one all-discipline,all hazards
plan.
FEMA
Federal Emergency Management Agency
FHBM
Flood Hazard Boundary Map
FIA
Federal Insurance Administration
FIELD OBSERVER
Person responsible to the Situation Unit Leader for collecting and reporting information
about an incident obtained from personal observations and interviews.
FIELD OPERATIONS GUIDE (FOG)
A pocket-size manual of instructions on the application of the Incident Command
System.
FINANCE/ADMINSTRATION SECTION
The section responsible for all incident costs and financial considerations. Includes the
time unit,procurement unit,compensation/claims unit, and cost unit.
FINANCE SECTION
The subset of an incident management team concerned with purchasing and/or paying for
the support necessary to fight a fire.
FINE(LIGHT)FUELS
Fast-drying fuels, generally with comparatively high surface area-to-volume ratios,which
are less than 1/4-inch in diameter and have a time lag of one hour or less. These fuels
readily ignite and are rapidly consumed by fire when dry.
FINGERS OF A FIRE
The long narrow extensions of a fire projecting from the main body.
FIRE BEHAVIOR
Refers primarily to a wildfire's intensity and rate of spread. Factors that influence a fire's
behavior include weather,topography, and both the type of and condition of the fuels.
FIRE BEHAVIOR CHARACTERISTIC
An attribute of a wildland fire pertaining to its spread,intensity, or growth.
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FIRE BEHAVIOR FORECAST
Prediction of probable fire behavior, usually prepared by a Fire Behavior Officer,in
support of fire suppression or prescribed burning operations. -
FIRE BEHAVIOR FUEL MODEL
The set of fuelbed inputs needed by the Rothermel(1972)surface fire spread model.
FIRE BEHAVIOR SPECIALIST
A person responsible to the Planning Section Chief for establishing a weather data
collection system and for developing fire behavior predictions based on fire history, fuel,
weather and topography.
FIRE BREAK
A natural or constructed barrier used to stop or check fires that may occur, or to provide a
control line from with to work.
FIRE CACHE
A supply of fire tools and equipment assembled in planned quantities or standard units at
a strategic point for exclusive use in fire suppression.
FIRE CHARACTERISTIC
An attribute of a wildland fire.
FIRE CREW
An organized group of firefighters under the leadership of a crew leader or other
designated official.
FIRE ENVIRONMENT
The conditions,influences, and modifying forces of fuel, weather and topography that
control fire behavior.
FIRE FRONT
The part of a fire within which continuous flaming combustion is taking place.Unless
otherwise specified the fire front is assumed to be the leading edge of the fire perimeter.
In ground fires,the fire front may be mainly smoldering combustion.
FIRE INTENSITY
A general term relating to the heat energy released by a fire.
FIRE LINE
A linear fire barrier that is scraped or dug to mineral soil.
FIRE LOAD
The number and size of fires historically experienced on a specified unit over a specified
period(usually one day)at a specified index of fire danger.
FIRE MANAGEMENT
Activities and programs that include the use of fire as a resource management tool,and
protection of values from unwanted,uncontrolled wildfire.
FIRE MANAGEMENT PLAN
A strategic plan that defines a program to manage wildland and prescribed fires. The fire
management program objectives come from an approved land use plan(e.g.,Resource
Management Plan). The Fire Management Plan is supplemented by operational plans
such as preparedness,preplanned dispatch,prescribed fire, and prevention.
FIRE PERIMETER
The entire outer edge or boundary of a fire.
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FIRE POTENTIAL
The maximum possible fire behavior for a given fire environment.
FIRE SEASON
1)Period(s)of the year during which wildland fires are likely to occur, spread, and affect
resource values sufficient to warrant organized fire management activities. 2)A legally
enacted time during which burning activities are regulated by state or local authority.
FIRE SHELTER
An aluminized tent offering protection by means of reflecting radiant heat and providing
a volume of breathable air in a fire entrapment situation. Fire shelters should only be used
in life-threatening situations, as a last resort.
FIRE SHELTER DEPLOYMENT •
The removing of a fire shelter from its case and using it as protection against fire.
FIRE STORM
Violent convection caused by a large continuous area of intense fire. Often characterized
by destructively violent surface indrafts,near and beyond the perimeter,and sometimes
by tornado-like whirls.
FIRE TRIANGLE
Instructional aid in which the sides of a triangle are used to represent the three factors
(oxygen,heat, fuel)necessary for combustion and flame production;removal of any of
the three factors causes flame production to cease.
FIRE TYPE
A vegetation type adapted to fire.
FIRE USE
Burning for a purpose.
FIRE USE MODULE(PRESCRIBED FIRE MODULE)
A team of skilled and mobile personnel dedicated primarily to prescribed fire
management. These are national and interagency resources,available throughout the
prescribed fire season,that can ignite,hold and monitor prescribed fires.
FIRE WEATHER
Weather conditions that influence fire ignition, behavior and suppression.
FIRE WEATHER WATCH
A teen used by fire weather forecasters to notify using agencies,usually 24 to 72 hours
ahead of the event,that current and developing meteorological conditions may evolve
into dangerous fire weather.
FIRE WHIRL
Spinning vortex column of ascending hot air and gases rising from a fire and carrying
aloft smoke,debris, and flame.Fire whirls range in size from less than one foot to more
than 500 feet in diameter. Large fire whirls have the intensity of a small tornado.
FIREBRAND
Flaming or glowing fuel particles that can be carried naturally by wind,convection
currents,or by gravity into unburned fuels.
FIREFIGHTING RESOURCES
All people and major items of equipment that can or potentially could be assigned to
fires.
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FIRELINE
A path built down to mineral soil which creates an unburnable bather between the fire
and its future fuel sources.
• Handline is a fireline dug by crews using hand tools, like shovels and chainsaws.
• Dozer line—self explanatory.
• Fireline blasting uses explosives to rapidly clear away vegetation and make a
fireline.
FIRELINE INTENSITY
The rare of energy or heat release per unit length of fire front, regardless of its depth.
FIRM
Flood Insurance Rate Map
FIRST RESPONDER
Local police, fire,and emergency medical personnel who first arrive on the scene of an
incident and take action to save lives,protect property,and meet basic needs.First
responders may include federal,state, or local responders.
FIS
Flood Insurance Study
FLAME DEPTH
The distance between the leading edge of the fire and the trailing edge.
FLAME HEIGHT
The average maximum vertical extension of flames at the leading edge of the fire front.
Occasional flashes that rise above the general level of flames are not considered. This
distance is less than the flame length if flames are tilted due to wind or slope.
FLAME LENGTH
The distance between the flame tip and the midpoint of the flame depth at the base of the
flame(generally the ground surface); an indicator of fire intensity.
FLAMING COMBUSTION
Combustion of the gaseous vapors produced from the pyrolysis of biomass.
FLAMING FRONT
The zone of a moving fire where the combustion is primarily flaming. Behind this
flaming zone combustion is primarily glowing. Light fuels typically have a shallow
flaming front,whereas heavy fuels have a deeper front. Also called fire front.
FLANK
The portion of a fire front spreading at a right angle from the direction of maximum
spread.
FLANK OF A FIRE
The parts of a fire's perimeter that are roughly parallel to the main direction of spread.
FLASH FLOOD
Follows a situation in which rainfall is so intense and severe and runoff so rapid that it
precludes recording and relating it to stream stages and other information in time to
forecast a flood condition.
FLASH FLOOD WATCH
Flash flooding is possible in or close to the watch area. Flash flood watches are generally
issued for flooding that is expected to occur within six hours after heavy rains have
ended.
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FLASH FLOOD WARNING
Flash flooding is actually occurring or imminent in the warning area. It can be issued as a
result of torrential rains,a dam failure,or ice jam.
FLASH FUELS
Fuels such as grass,leaves, draped pine needles, fern,tree moss and some kinds of slash
that ignite readily and are consumed rapidly when dry.Also called fine fuels.
FLOOD
A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land
areas from overflow of inland or tidal waters,unusual or rapid accumulation or runoff of
surface waters,or mudslidesfmudflows caused by accumulation of water.
FLOOD
A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of two or more acres
of normally dry land area or of two or more properties from:
• Overflow of inland or tidal waters;or
• Unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source; or
• Mudflow;or
• Collapse or subsidence of land along the shore of a lake or similar body of water
as a result of erosion or undermining caused by waves or currents of water
exceeding anticipated cyclical levels that result in a flood as defined above.
FLOOD ADVISORY
Alerts the public to flooding which is generally only an inconvenience(not life
threatening)to those living in the affected area. Issued when heavy rain will cause
flooding of streets and low-lying places in urban areas. Also used if small rural or urban
streams are expected to reach or exceed bankfull. Some damage to homes or roads could
occur.
FLOOD DISASTER PROTECTION ACT(FDPA)
Made the purchase of flood insurance mandatory for the protection of property located in
Special Flood Hazard Areas.
FLOOD FREQUENCY
The chances that a particular flood event will occur during any given year. The greater
the flood,the higher the"Year Flood"Value,but the less chance of occurrence. (i.e. a
"100 Year Flood"has a 1%chance of occurring each year; a"500 Year Flood"has a 2%
chance of occurring each year).
FLOOD HAZARD BOUNDARY MAP(FHBM)
Official map of a community issued by the administrator,where the boundaries of the
flood, mudflow and related erosion areas having special hazards have been designated.
FLOOD INSURANCE
A standard homeowner's policy will not cover damages caused by flooding. You must
have flood insurance from an insurer that writes for the National Flood Insurance
Program. If your community participates in NFIP's floodplain-management program, you
are eligible to buy coverage no matter if your flood risk is low,medium or high.Flood
insurance is also available to renters,condominium owners and business owners. You
may have trouble finding flood coverage if you are a resident of"coastal barrier resource
system"area or a community that does not participate in NFIP's programs.
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FLOOD INSURANCE CLAIMS OFFICE(FICO)
An NFIP claims processing office set up in a catastrophic area when a sufficient number
of flood claims result from a single event. --
FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP(FIRM)
Official map of a community on which the Mitigation Division Administrator has
delineated both the special hazard areas and the risk premium zones applicable to the
community.
FLOOD RESPONSE OFFICE (FRO)
The FRO provides a local presence in the affected area and supports the WYO
companies,the NFIP handling,and survey and statistical input. One of the key
requirements f personnel at the FRO is to coordinate and conduct re-inspections of WYO
and NFIP Direct losses. The FRO also tracks adjuster performance and provides such
information to interested WYO and NFIP Direct companies.
FLOOD STAGE
The elevation at which overflow of the natural banks of a waterway begins to cause
damage or presents a flood-damage hazard near the gage where the elevation is
measured.
FLOOD WATCH
High flow or overflow of water from a river is possible in the given time period. It can
also apply to heavy runoff or drainage of water into low-lying areas. These watches are
generally issued for flooding that is expected to occur at least six hours after heavy rains
have ended.
FLOOD WARNING
Flooding conditions are actually occurring or are imminent in the warning area.
FLOODPLAIN
Any land area susceptible to being inundated by floodwaters from any source.
FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT
The operation of an overall program of corrective and preventative measures for reducing
flood damage, including but not limited to: emergency—preparedness plans,flood-
control works and floodplain-management regulations.
FLOODPROOFING
Any combination of structural and nonstructural additions,changes, or adjustments to
structures,which reduce or eliminate risk of flood damage to real estate or improved real
property,water and sanitation facilities,or structures with their contents.
FLOW
The volume of water that passes through a point of a river during a given time.Usually
expressed in cubic feet per second(cfs).
FMP
Fire Management Plan
FOCUS AREAS
Categories of emergency preparedness activities states must address in their Cooperative
Agreement for Public Health Preparedness and Response for Bioterrorism. Focus areas
cover the following topics:
• Focus Area A: Preparedness planning and readiness assessment
• Focus Area B: Disease detection and reporting
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• Focus Area C: Laboratory readiness
• Focus Area D: Chemical threat preparedness
• Focus Area E:Electronic information sharing
• Focus Area F: Public health communications
• Focus Area G.Education and training
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Leads international efforts to defeat hunger.FAO serves both developed and developing
countries and acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate
agreements and debate policy.
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION
The government agency responsible for protecting the public health by assuring the
safety,efficacy,and security of human and veterinary drugs,biological products, medical
devices,our nation's food supply, cosmetics,and products that emit radiation. FDA is
one of 13 major operating components of the Department of Health and Human Services.
FOOD UNIT
Functional unit within the service branch of the logistics section responsible for providing
meals for incident personnel.
FORB
A plant with a soft,rather permanent woody stem that is not a grass or grass-like plant.
FOSC
Federal On-Scene Commander
FREEBOARD
An additional amount of height above the Base Flood Elevation used as a factor of safety
(e.g.,2 feet above the Base Flood)in determining the level at which a structure's lowest
floor must be elevated or floodproofed to be in accordance with State or community
floodplain management regulations.
FRERP
Federal Radiological Emergency Response Plan
FSH
Forest Service Handbook
FSM
Forest Service Manual
FUEL
Combustible material. Includes,vegetation, such as grass, leaves, ground litter,plants,
shrubs and trees,which feed a fire. (See also Surface Fuels)
FUELBED DEPTH
Bulk depth of a fuel layer.
FUEL BED
An array of fuels usually constructed.with specific loading, depth and particle size to
meet experimental requirements; also, commonly used to describe the fuel composition in
natural settings.
FUEL LOADING
The amount of fuel present expressed quantitatively in terms of weight of fuel per unit
area.
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FUEL MODEL
Simulated fuel complex(or combination of vegetation types)for which all fuel
descriptors required for the solution of a mathematical rate of spread model have been --
specified.
FUEL MOISTURE (FUEL MOSTURE CONTENT)
The quantity of moisture in fuel expressed as a percentage of the weight when thoroughly
dried at 212 degrees Fahrenheit.
FUEL REDUCTION
Manipulation, including combustion,or removal of fuels to reduce the likelihood of
ignition and/or to lessen potential damage and resistance to control.
FUEL TYPE
An identifiable association of fuel elements of a distinctive plant species,form, size,
arrangement, or other characteristics that will cause a predictable rate of fire spread or
difficulty of control under specified weather conditions.
FUNCTION
In Incident Command System a function refers to the five major activities(i.e.,
command,operations,planning, logistics,and finance/administration). The term function
is also used when describing the activity involved (e.g.the planning function).
FUNCTIONAL AREA
A major grouping of the functions and tasks that agencies perform in carrying out
awareness,prevention,preparedness,response, and recovery activities.
FUSEE
A colored flare designed as a railway warning device and widely used to ignite
suppression and prescription fires.
GENERAL STAFF
The group of incident management personnel reporting to the incident commander.They
may each have a deputy,as needed. Staff consists of operations section chief,planning
section chief, logistics section chief and finance/administration section chief.
GEOGRAPHIC AREA
A political boundary designated by the wildland fire protection agencies,where these
agencies work together in the coordination and effective utilization.
GETS
Government Emergency Telecommunications Service. Provides priority telephone
routing to qualified emergency personnel.
GIS
Geographic Information System
GOVERNOR'S AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE
The person empowered by the Governor to execute,on behalf of the state, all necessary
documents for disaster assistance.
GROUND FUEL
All combustible materials below the surface litter, including duff,tree or shrub roots,
punchy wood,peat, and sawdust, which normally support a glowing combustion without
flame.
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GROUND SUPPORT UNIT
Functional unit within the support branch of the logistics section responsible for the
fueling,maintaining,and repairing of vehicles, and the transportation of personnel and -
supplies.
GROUPS
Groups are established to divide the incident into functional areas of operations. Groups
are composed of resources assembled to perform a special function not necessarily within
a single geographic division. (See Division) Groups are located between branches(when
activated) and resources in the operations section.
GRT
Gross Registered Tonnage
GUST WIND SPEED
Wind speed occurring during a wind gust.
HAINES INDEX
An atmospheric index used to.indicate the potential for wildfire growth by measuring the
stability and dryness of the air over a fire.
HAN
Health Alert Network
HAN INFORMATION SERVICE
Health Alert Network Information Service provides information in a variety of media,
along with announcements of upcoming conferences and briefmgs.
HAN LHAP
Health Alert Network Local Health Assistance Project
HAND LINE
A fireline built with hand tools.
HANDS-ON TRAINING
Supervised training that demonstrates the application of knowledge and skill in a
practical field exercise of proficiency.
HAZARD ANALYSIS
Provides information on situations that have the potential to cause injury or damage.
HAZARD AND RISK ANALYSIS
Evaluation of the relative hazards and risks of materials to emergency response
personnel,the public,and the environment.
HAZARD MITIGATION
Any action taken to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk to human life property from
hazards. The term is sometimes used in a stricter sense to mean cost-effective measures
to reduce the potential for damage to a facility or facilities from a disaster event.
HAZARD REDUCTION
Any treatment of a hazard that reduces the threat of ignition and fire intensity or rate of
spread.
•
HAZARD TREE
A standing tree that presents a hazard to people due to conditions such as,but not limited
to,deterioration or physical damage to the root system,trunk, stem, or limbs,and/or the
direction and lean of the tree.
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HAZARDOUS MATERIAL
Any substance or material that when involved in an accident and released in sufficient
quantities,poses a risk to people's health, safety, and/or property. These substances and —
materials include explosives, radioactive materials, flammable liquids or solids,
combustible liquids or solids,poisons,oxidizers,toxins,and corrosive materials.
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SPECIALIST OR TECHNICIAN
Levels of training and competency as defined by the National Fire Protection
Association's Standard for Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous
Material Incidents(NFPA 472)
HAZMAT
Hazardous Material
HEAD FIRE
The segment of a fire perimeter oriented in the direction of maximum spread.
HEAD OF FIRE
The side of the fire having the fastest rate of spread.
HEALTH ALERT NETWORK LOCAL HEALTH ASSISTANCE PROJECT
The project helps local health jurisdictions enhance and maintain state of the art network
and security operations, and achieve compliance with the PHIN standards.
HEALTH ALERTS
Urgent messages from the CDC to health officials requiring immediate action or
attention.The CDC also issues health advisories containing less urgent information about
a specific health incident or response that may or may not require immediate action,and
health updates,which do not require action.
HEALTHCARE FACILITY EVACUATION
An event resulting in the need to evacuate any number of patients from a healthcare
facility on a temporary basis when the movement of those patients exceeds the
emergency medical and trauma services capabilities of the locality,hospital,jurisdiction,
and/or region.
HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT OF 1996
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996(HIPAA)is a
comprehensive federal statute that is designed, in part,to provide national standards for
the protection of certain health information. These statutory privacy provisions have been
interpreted in a highly complex regulation issued by the federal Department of Health
and Human Services and known as the HIPAA Privacy Rule.
HEALTH RESOURCES AND SERVICES ADMINISTRATION
A branch of the federal Department of Health and Human Services.
HEARTWOOD
The inner layers of wood which,in the growing tree,have ceased to contain living cells.
HEAVY FUELS
Fuels of large diameter such as snags, logs, large limb wood,which ignite and are
consumed more slowly than flash fuels.
HEICS
Hospital Emergency Incident Command System
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HELIBASE
The main location within the general incident area for parking, fueling, maintaining,and
loading of helicopters operating in support of an incident. The helibase is usually located . —
at or near the incident base.
HELICOPTERS
Support firefighting in many ways, including bringing in firefighters,hauling supplies,
and providing reconnaissance of the fire.
HELISPOT
Any designated location where a helicopter can safely take off and land. Some helispots
may be used for loading of supplies, equipment, or personnel. A natural or improved
takeoff and landing area for temporary or occasional helicopter use. These are numbered
h-1, etc.A temporary landing spot for helicopters.
HELITACK
The use of helicopters to transport crews, equipment, and fire retardants or suppressants
to the fire line during the initial stages of a fire.
HELITACK CREW
A group of firefighters trained in the technical and logistical use of helicopters for fire
suppression.
HEMAGGLUTININ
An important surface structure protein of the influenza virus that is an essential gene for
the spread of the virus throughout the respiratory tract. This enables the virus to attach
itself to a cell in the respiratory system and penetrate it. Referred to as the"H" in
influenza viruses. (See also Neuraminidase)
HHS
Department of Health and Human Services
HIGH-HAZARD AREAS
Geographic locations that for planning purposes have been determined through historical
experience and vulnerability analysis to be likely to experience the effects of a specific
hazard(e.g.,hurricane, earthquake, hazardous materials, accident,etc.)resulting in vast
property damage and loss of life.
HIGHLY PATHOGENIC FORM OF AVIAN INFLUENZA
Highly Pathogenic Form of Avian Influenza. Avian flu viruses are classified based upon
the severity of the illness and HPAI is extremely infectious among humans. The rapid
spread of HPAI,with outbreaks occurring at the same time,is of growing concern for
human health as well as for animal health. (See also LPAI)
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
HISTORIC BUILDING
Any building that is:
• Listed individually in the National Register of Historic Places(a listing
maintained by the Department of Interior)or preliminarily determined by the
Secretary of the Interior, as meeting the requirements for individual listing on the
National Register;or
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• Certified or preliminarily determined by the Secretary of the Interior as
contributing to the historical significance of a registered historic district or a
district preliminarily determined by the Secretary to qualify as a registered -
historic district; or
• Individually listed in a state inventory of historic places in states with preservation
programs that have been approved by the Secretary of the Interior; or
• Individually listed on a local inventory of historic places in communities with
historic preservation programs that have been certified either:
o By an approved state program as determined by the Secretary of the
Interior;or
o Directly by the Secretary of the Interior in states without approved
programs.
HOLDING ACTIONS
Planned actions required to achieve wildland prescribed fire management objectives.
These actions have specific implementation timeframes for fire use actions but can have
less sensitive implementation demands for suppression actions.
HOLDING RESOURCES
Firefighting personnel and equipment assigned to do all required fire suppression work
following fireline construction but generally not including extensive mop-up.
HOMELAND SECURITY PRESIENTIAL DIRECTIVE-5(HSPD-5)
A presidential directive issued on February 28, 2003, and intended to enhance the ability
of the United States to manage domestic incidents by establishing a single,
comprehensive national incident management system.
HOMOLOGOUS
Similar in position,structure, function,or characteristics.
HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT RATE
Rate of spread corrected to the horizontal.
HOSE LAY
Arrangement of connected lengths of fire hose and accessories on the ground, beginning
at the first pumping unit and ending at the point of water delivery.
HOST
An organism on or in which a parasite lives.
HOT ZONE
The area surrounding a hazardous material incident site which is immediately dangerous
to life and health. Entry in the zone is by only qualified responders with the appropriate
personnel protective equipment. The hot zone is also called the exclusion zone.
HOTSHOT CREW
A highly trained fire crew used mainly to build fireline by hand.
HOTSPOT
A particular active part of a fire.
HOTSPOTTING
Reducing or stopping the spread of fire at points of particularly rapid rate of spread or
special threat, generally the first step in prompt control, with emphasis on first priorities.
HPAI
Highly Pathogenic form of Avian Influenza
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HQS
Headquarters
HRSA
Health Resources and Services Administration
HSPD-5
Homeland Security Presidential Directive—5
HYDROGRAPH
A graph showing stage, discharge, or other property of a river with respect to time.
IAP
Incident Action Plan
IC
Incident Commander
ICP
Incident Command Post
ICS
Incident Command System
IFC
International Fire Code
IMMUNE SYSTEM
The cells,tissue and organs that help the body to resist infection and disease by
producing antibodies and/or altered cells that inhibit the multiplication of the infectious
agent.
INCIDENT
An occurrence either human caused or by natural phenomena that requires action by
emergency services personnel to prevent or minimize loss of life or damage to property
and/or natural resources.
INCIDENT ACTION PLAN
Contains objectives reflecting the overall incident strategy and specific tactical actions
and supporting information for the next operational period. The plan may be oral or
written. When written,the plan may have a number of attachments, including: incident
objectives,organization assignment list,division assignment, incident radio
communication plan,medical plan, traffic plan, safety plan,and incident map.
INCIDENT BASE
Location at the incident where the primary logistics functions are coordinated and
administered. (Incident name or other designator will be added to the term base.)The
incident command post may be collocated with the base. (See Single Resource)
INCIDENT COMMAND POST (ICP)
Location at which primary command functions are executed. The incident command post
may be collocated with the incident base and other incident facilities.
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INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM(ICS)
A standardized organizational structure used to command, control,and coordinate the use
of resources and personnel that have responded to the scene of an emergency. The -
concepts and principles for ICS include common terminology,modular organization,
integrated communications,unified command structure,consolidated action plan,
manageable span of control, designated incident facilities, and comprehensive resource
management.
INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM(ICS)
An organizational framework that enables all personnel assigned to the fire to work
together,know their jobs, and focus on common objectives. ICS is widely used
throughout the U.S. and in many parts of the world.
INCIDENT COMMANDER(IC)
Individual responsible for the management of all incident operations at the incident site.
INCIDENT COMMUNICATIONS CENTER
The location of the communications unit and the message center.
INCIDENT MANAGEMENT TEAM
The incident commander and appropriate general or command staff personnel assigned to
manage an incident. Incident management team is also referred to as an"emergency
response team."
INCIDENT MANAGEMENT TEAMS
Preconfigured sets of specialists who assume responsibility to fight a fire. Incident
management teams are organized under the Incident Command System. When one of
these teams is assigned to manage a fire,the incident commander is given a signed
document from the land manager that delineates the authority,expectations and
objectives given to the team.
INCIDENT OBJECTIVES
Statements of guidance and direction necessary for the selection of appropriate
strategy(ies)and the tactical direction of resources. Incident objectives are based on
realistic expectations of what can be accomplished when all allocated resources have
been effectively deployed. Incident objectives must be achievable and measurable, yet
flexible enough to allow for strategic and tactical alternatives.
INCIDENT SUPPORT ORGANIZATION
Includes any off-incident support provided to an incident. Examples would be agency
dispatch centers,airports, mobilization centers, etc.
INDEPENDENT CROWN FIRE
A crown fire that spreads without aid of a supporting surface fire.
INDIRECT ATTACK
A method of suppression in which the control line is located some considerable distance
away from the fire's active edge. Generally done in the case of a fast-spreading or high
intensity fire and to utilize natural or constructed fire breaks and favorable breaks in
topography. The intervening fuel is usually backfired; but occasionally the main fire is
allowed to burn to the line,depending on conditions.
INFECTIOUS AGENT
Any organism, such as a pathogenic virus, parasite,or bacterium,that is capable of
invading body tissues,multiplying,and causing disease.
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INFLUENZA
A serious disease caused by viruses that infect the respiratory tract.
INFORMATION OFFICER —
A member of the command staff responsible for interfacing with the public and media or
with other agencies requiring information directly from the incident. There is only one
information officer per incident. The information officer may have assistants.
INFRARED DETECTION
The use of heat sensing equipment,know as Infrared Scanners, for detection of heat
sources that are not visually detectable by the normal surveillance methods of either
ground or air patrols.
INITIAL ACTION
The actions taken by personnel (see First Responders)which are the first to arrive at an
incident.
INITIAL ATTACK
The action taken by resources which are first to arrive at an incident. All wildland fires
that are controlled by suppression forces undergo initial attack. The number and type of
resources responding to initial attack varies depending upon fire danger,fuel type,values
at risk,and other factors. Generally, initial attack involves relatively few resources and
the incident size is small.
INITIAL ATTACK FORCES
Wildfire suppression resources of agencies initially dispatched to a fire in accordance
with a pre-existing annual operating plan or mobilization guide.
INITIAL ATTACK ZONE
An identified area in which predetermined resources would normally be the initial
resource to respond to an incident.
INITIAL RESPONSE
Resources initially committed to an incident.
INTERAGENCY STANDARDS FOR FIRE AND FIRE AVIATION OPERATIONS
Interagency manual containing directives specific to wildland fire operations,including
chain saw use.
INTERMITTENT CROWN FIRE
A wildland fire that alternates between active crown fire and surface fire or passive
crown fire.
IO
Information Officer
IRZ
Immediate Response Zone
ISOLATE
A pure strain that has been isolated as from diseased tissue,contaminated water,or the
air.
JACKSTRAWED
Area where multiple trees have been blown or fallen down in crisscross fashion.
JHA
Job Hazard Analysis
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MC
Joint Information Center
MS
Joint Information System
JNACC
Joint Nuclear Accident Coordinating Center
JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
This analysis of a project is completed by staff to identify hazards to employees and the
public. It identifies hazards, corrective actions and the required safety equipment to
ensure public and employee safety.
JOC
Joint Operations Center
JOINT INFORMATION CENTER(JIC)
A central point of contact for all news media near the scene of a large-scale disaster.
News media representatives are kept informed of activities and events by public
information officials who represent all participating federal,state,and local agencies that
are collocated at the RC. The center is staffed by public information officials who
represent all participating federal, state,and local agencies to provide information to the
media in a coordinated and consistent manner.
JOINT INFORMATION SYSTEM(JIS)
Under the FRP, connection to public affairs personnel,decision-makers, and news centers
by electronic mail, fax,and telephone when a single federal-state-local RC is not a viable
option.
JUMP SPOT
Selected landing area for smokejumpers.
JUMP SUIT
Approved protection suit worn by smokejumpers.
JURISDICTION
The range or sphere of authority. Public agencies have jurisdiction at an incident related
to their legal responsibilities and authority for incident mitigation. Jurisdictional authority
at an incident can be political/geographical (i.e., city,county, state,or federal boundary
lines)or functional(e.g., law enforcement agency,health department,etc.). (See Multi-
Jurisdictional Incident)
JURISDICTIONAL AGENCY
The agency having jurisdiction and responsibility for a specific geographical area, or
mandated function as defined by law.
KEECH BYRAM DROUGHT INDEX(KBDI)
Commonly used drought index adapted for fire management applications, with a
numerical range from 0(no moisture deficiency) to 800 (maximum drought).
KNOCK DOWN
To reduce the flame or heat on the more vigorously burning parts of a fire edge.
LABORATORY INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
LIMS connects the analytical instruments in the lab to one or more workstations or
personal computers. A full-featured LIMS will forward data from the lab instruments to a
PC,organize it into meaningful information,and arrange it in required report formats.
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LABORATORY LEVELS (A,B,C,D)
A system for classifying laboratories by their capabilities. Classifications are:
• A: Routine clinical testing. Includes independent clinical labs and those at
universities and community hospitals.
• B: More specialized capabilities. Includes many state and local public health
laboratories.
• C: More sophisticated public health labs and reference labs such as those run by
CDC.
• D: Possessing sophisticated containment equipment and expertise to deal with the
most dangerous, virulent pathogens and include only CDC and Department of
Defense labs,the FBI, and the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of
Infectious Diseases.
LABORATORY RESPONSE NETWORK
A national partnership of public health laboratories designed to coordinate and share
resources for an effective response during a health emergency.
LADDER FUELS
Fuels which provide vertical continuity between strata,thereby allowing fire to carry
from surface fuels into the crowns of trees or shrubs with relative ease. They help initiate
and assure the continuation of crowning.
LAL
Lightning Activity Level
LPAI
Low Pathogenic form of Avian Influenza
LARGE FIRE
1) For statistical purposes,a fire burning more than a specified area of land(e.g., 300
acres). 2)A fire burning with a size and intensity such that its behavior is determined by
interaction between its own convection column and weather conditions above the surface.
LCES
Lookout(s),Communication(s), Escape Route(s), and Safety Zone(s). Elements of a
safety system routinely used by firefighters to assess their current situation with respect
to wildland firefighting hazards. LCES has a much broader application than just fire and
should be considered as a valuable, useful tool for all field project work and activities.
Examples include chain saw operations,work in confined spaces,hazardous materials,
and blasting.
LEAD AGENCY
The agency designated by law or mandate to have overall responsibility for emergency
preparedness and response for their respective government.
LEAD PLANE
Aircraft with pilot used to make dry runs over the target area to check wing and smoke
conditions and topography and to lead air tankers to targets and supervise their drops.
LEADER
The Incident Command System title for an individual responsible for a task force,strike
team,or functional unit.
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LEAP FROG
A system of organizing workers in fire suppression in which each crew member is
assigned a specific task such as clearing or digging a fireline on a specific section of --
control line,and when that task is completed, passes other workers in moving to a new
assignment.
LEPC
Local Emergency Planning Committee
LHJ
Local Health Jurisdiction
LIAISON OFFICER
A member of the command staff responsible for coordinating with representatives from
cooperating and assisting agencies.
LIGHT (FINE)FUELS
Fast-drying fuels, generally with comparatively high surface area-to-volume ratios,which
are less than 1/4-inch in diameter and have a time lag of one hour or less. These fuels
readily ignite and are rapidly consumed by fire when dry.
LIGHTNING ACTIVITY LEVEL
A number,on a scale of 1 to 6, which reflects the frequency and character of cloud-to-
ground lightning. The scale is exponential,based on powers of 2(i.e., LAL 3 indicates
twice the lightning of LAL2).
LIMS
Laboratory Information Management System
LINE SCOUT
A firefighter who determines the location of a fire line.
LITTER
Top layer of the forest, scrubland, or grassland floor,directly above the fermentation
layer, composed of loose debris of dead sticks,branches,twigs, and recently fallen leaves
or needles, little altered in structure by decomposition.
LIVE FUELS
Living plants, such as trees,grasses, and shrubs, in which the seasonal moisture content
cycle is controlled largely by internal physiological mechanisms,rather than external
weather influences.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Refers to county level government and includes all legally recognized political
subdivisions therein,unless otherwise specified.
LOGISTICS
Provides support to meet incident needs,provides resources, and all other services needed
to support the incident.
LOGISTICS CHIEF
A member of the general staff responsible for providing facilities, services, and material
in support of the incident.The logistics chief participates in development and
implementation of the incident action plan, and activates and supervises the units within
the logistics section.
LOGISTICS SECTION
The section responsible for providing facilities, services, and materials for the incident.
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LOGISTICS SECTION
The subset of an incident management team concerned with providing all support
necessary to enable a team to accomplish its mission. This support includes
transportation,food, supplies,communication,facilities and sanitation.
LOW PATHOGENIC FORM OF AVIAN INFLUENZA
Most avian flu strains are classified as LPAI and typically cause little or no clinical signs
in infected birds. However, some LPAI virus strains are capable of mutating under field
conditions into HPAI viruses. (See also HPAI)
LRN
Laboratory Response Network
MAC
Multi-Agency Coordination
MANDATORY FLOOD INSURANCE
Under the provisions of the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973,individuals,
businesses and others buying,building or improving property located in identified areas
of special flood hazards within participating communities are required to purchase flood
insurance as a prerequisite for receiving any type of direct or indirect federal financial
assistance(e.g., any loan, grant, guaranty, insurance, payment,subsidy,or disaster
assistance)when the building or personal property is the subject of or security for such
assistance.
MAJOR DISASTER
As defined under the Stafford Act,any natural catastrophe(including any hurricane,
tornado, storm,high-water, wind-driven water,tidal wave, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic
eruption,landslide, mudslide, snowstorm, or drought), or, regardless of cause,any fire,
flood,or explosion, in any part of the United States, which in the determination of the
President causes damage of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant major disaster
assistance under the Stafford Act to supplement the efforts and available resources of
states,local governments, and disaster relief organizations in alleviating the damage,loss,
hardship,or suffering caused by the disaster.
MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES
In ICS, this is a top-down management activity that involves a three-step process to
achieve the incident goal. The steps are: (1) establishing the incident objectives; (2)
selection of appropriate strategy(ies) to achieve the objectives; and(3)the tactical
direction associated with the selected strategy. Tactical direction includes selection of
tactics, selection of resources,resource assignments,and performance monitoring.
MANAGERS
Individuals within ICS organizational units that are assigned specific managerial
responsibilities(e.g., staging area manager or camp manager).
MASS CARE
The actions that are taken to protect evacuees and other disaster victims from the effects
of the disaster. Activities include providing temporary shelter, food, medical care,
clothing,and other essential life support needs to those people that have been displaced
from their homes because of a disaster or threatened disaster.
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MASS FATALITIES
A situation where there are more fatalities than can be handled using local resources. In a
disaster situation, identification of the fatalities is a critical issue.Therefore,security of
the area in which the fatalities are located is critical. Close cooperation with the coroner,
both in MCI preplanning and during the incident is essential.
MASS-FLOW RATE profile.
The rate of canopy fuel consumption per unit time per unit area of a canopy p ro
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET(MSDS)
A compilation of information required under the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration Hazard Communication Standard that outlines the identity of hazardous
chemicals and fire hazards, exposure limits, and storage and handling precautions.
MBO
Management by Objectives
MEDICAL DIRECTOR/PHYSICIAN ADVISOR quality assurance, and
Person responsible for protocol development, continues training, q Y
online and off-line medical control.
MEDICAL READINESS,TRAINING,AND EDUCATION COMMITTEE
A regional workgroup of state health agency representatives, including one from the
Department of Health,which facilitates local-state-federal planning integration.
MEDICAL UNIT
Functional unit within the service branch of the logistics section responsible for the
development of the emergency medical plan,and for providing emergency medical
treatment to incident personnel.
MESSAGE CENTER
The message center is part of the incident communications center and is collocated or
placed adjacent to it. It receives, records, and routes information about resources
reporting to the incident, resource status, and administrative and tactical traffic.
METROPOLITAN MEDICAL RESPONSE SYSTEM(MMRS)
A program of the U.S. Health and Human Services Office of Emergency Preparedness
intended to increase cities' ability to respond to a terrorist attack by coordinating the
efforts of local law enforcement, fire,hazmat,EMS, hospital,public health,and other
personnel.
MICRO-REMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEM(MICRO-REMS)
Mobile weather monitoring station. A Micro-REMS usually accompanies an incident
meteorologist and air transportable mobile unit(ATMU)to an incident.
MID-FLAME WIND SPEED
Wind speed measured or forecast at a height above the ground equal to one-half of the
flame height.
MINERAL ASH
Total ash content minus the silica content.
MINERAL CONTENT
The amount of minerals within a material.
MINERAL SOIL
Soil layers below the predominantly organic horizons; soil with little combustible
material.
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MINIMUM IMPACT SUPPRESSION TACTICS (MIST)
Employed in areas where the visual or environmental impacts of fire suppression
activities must be minimized,as in wilderness areas and national parks.
MITIGATION
Those activities designed to alleviate the effects of a major disaster or long-term
emergency or long-term activities to minimize the potentially adverse effects of a future
disaster in affected areas.
MOBILIZATION
The process and procedures used by all organizations, federal, state and local for
activating,assembling, and transporting all resources that have been requested to respond
to or support an incident.
MOBILIZATION CENTER
An off-incident location at which emergency service personnel and equipment are
temporarily located pending assignment,release, or reassignment.
MODULAR AIRBORNE FIREFIGHTING SYSTEM (MAFFS)
A manufactured unit consisting of five interconnecting tanks,a control pallet,and nozzle
pallet,with a capacity of 3,000 gallons,designed to be rapidly mounted inside an
unmodified C-130 (Hercules)cargo aircraft for use in dropping retardant on wildland
fires.
MOISTURE CONTENT
A measure of the amount of moisture contained in a fuel particle.
MOISTURE OF EXTINCTION
The dead fuel moisture content at which the Rothermel's (1972) surface fire spread
model predicts spread rate will fall to zero.
MOP-UP
To make a fire safe or reduce residual smoke after the fire has been controlled by
extinguishing or removing burning material along or near the control line,felling snags,
or moving logs so they won't roll downhill.
MOU
Memorandum of Understanding
MOVE UP AND COVER
Identifies a relocation of fire suppression resources from their established location to a
temporary location to provide fire protection coverage for an initial attack response area.
MPH
Miles per Hour
MRA
Mountain Rescue Association; Aspen.Mountain Rescue Association
MRTE
Medical Readiness,Training, and Education Committee
MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheet
MUDFLOOR
A river of liquid and flowing mud on the surfaces of normally dry land areas,as when
earth is carried by a current of water. Other earth movements, such as landslide, slope
failure, or a saturated soil mass moving by liquidity down a slope, are not mudflows.
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MULTI-AGENCY COORDINATION(MAC)
A generalized term which describes the functions and activities of representatives of
involved agencies and/or jurisdictions who come together to make decisions regarding
the prioritizing of incidents, and the sharing and use of critical resources. The MAC
organization is not a part of the on-scene ICS and is not involved in developing incident
strategy or tactics.
MULTI-AGENCY INCIDENT
An incident where one or more agencies assist a jurisdictional lead (key) agency. May be
single or unified command.
MULTI-CASUALTY
Sometimes called a mass casualty incident, an MCI is an event resulting from manmade
or natural causes which results in illness and/or injuries which exceed the emergency
medical and trauma services system(EMTS) capabilities of a hospital, locality,
jurisdiction and/or region.
MULTI-JURISDICTION INCIDENT
An incident requiring action from multiple agencies that have statutory responsibility for
incident mitigation. In the Incident Command System these incidents will be managed
under unified command.
MUTATION
Any alteration in a gene from its natural state. This change may be disease causing or a
benign, normal variant. Specific mutations and evolution in influenza viruses cannot be
predicted,making it difficult if not impossible to know if or when a virus such as H5N1
might acquire the properties needed to spread easily among humans.
MUTUAL AID
Assistance provided by a supporting agency at no cost to the protecting agency. Mutual
aid is limited to those initial attack resources or move-up and cover assignments that have
been determined to be appropriate and as each may be able to furnish and are
documented in Annual Operating Plans. Sometimes called"Reciprocal Fire Protection."
MUTUAL AID AGREEMENT
Written agreement between agencies and/or jurisdictions in which they agree to assist one
another upon request by furnishing personnel and equipment.
MUTUAL AID PERIOD
The time period when the assisting/cooperating agency is providing assistance at no cost
to the jurisdictional agency.
NACCHO
National Association of City and County Health Officials
NACO
National Association of County Health Officials
NATIONAL CENTER FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES
A branch of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
NATIONAL ELECTRONIC DISEASE SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM(NEDSS)
A Center for Disease Control and Prevention initiative that promotes the use of data and
information system standards to improve disease surveillance systems at federal,state,
and local levels.
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT (NEPA)
NEPA is the basic national law for protection of the environment,passed by Congress in
1969. It sets policy and procedures for environmental protection,and authorizes -_
Environmental Impact Statements and Environmental Assessments to be used as
analytical tools to help federal managers make decisions.
NATIONAL FIRE DANGER RATING SYSTEM (NFDRS)
A uniform fire danger rating system that focuses on the environmental factors that control
moisture content of fuels.
NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM (NFIP)
A federal program enabling property owners in participating communities to purchase
insurance protection against losses from flooding. This insurance is designed to provide
an insurance alternative to disaster assistance to meet the escalating costs of repairing
damage to buildings and their contents caused by floods.
NATIONAL INCIDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM(NIMS)
A system mandated by HSPD-5 that provides a consistent nationwide approach for
federal, state,and local governments to work effectively and efficiently together to
prepare for,respond to,and recover from domestic incidents,regardless of cause, size, or
complexity. To provide for interoperability and compatibility among federal, state,and
local capabilities,the NIMS includes a core set of concepts,principles, and terminology.
HSPD-5 identifies these as the incident command system;multi-agency coordination
systems;unified command training; identification and management of resources
(including systems for classifying types of resources); qualifications and certifications;
and the collection, tracking,and reporting of incident information and incident resources.
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Conducts and supports basic and applied research to better understand,treat,and
ultimately prevent infectious, immunologic, and allergic diseases.NIAID research has
led to new therapies, vaccines, diagnostic tests,and other technologies that have
improved the health of millions.NIAID is one of 13 major operating components of the
Department of Health and Human Services.
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
A branch of the federal Department of Health and Human Services. The NIH encourages
and oversees medical and behavioral research.
NATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL STOCKPILE
A national cache of drugs,vaccines, and supplies that can be deployed to areas struck by
disasters, including bioterrorism.
NATIONAL VACCINE PROGRAM OFFICE
Responsible for coordinating and ensuring collaboration among the many federal
agencies involved in vaccine and immunization activities. It is part of the Department of
Health and Human Services.
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NATIONAL WILDFIRE COORDINATING GROUP (NWCG)
A group formed under the direction of the Secretaries of Agriculture and the Interior and
comprised of representatives of the US. Forest Service,Bureau of Land Management,
Bureau of Indian Affairs,National Park Service,U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and
Association of State Foresters. The group's purpose is to facilitate coordination and
effectiveness of wildland fire activities and provide a forum to discuss, recommend
action,or resolve issues and problems of substantive nature.NWCG is the certifying
body for all courses in the National Fire Curriculum.
NATURAL BARRIERS
May be a rock outcropping, a sandy wash, a body of water, a rock canyon or any other
landscape feature with sparse fuels or no fuels that serves to slow or stop the spread of a
fire.Firefighters take advantage of these natural barriers as anchor points or other
strategic points whenever possible.
NCID
National Center for Infectious Diseases
NCP
National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan
NDA
National Defense Area
NDMS
National Disaster Medical System
NEDSS
National Electronic Disease Surveillance System
NEPA
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
NEURAMINIDASE
An important surface structure protein of the influenza virus that is an essential enzyme
for the spread of the virus throughout the respiratory tract. It enables the virus to escape
the host cell and infect new cells. Referred to as the"N" in influenza viruses. (See also
Hem agglutinin)
NFA
National Fire Academy
NFDRS
National Fire Danger Rating System
NFIP
National Flood Insurance Program
NFIRA
National Flood Insurance Reform Act
NFPA
National Fire Protection Association
NGO
Non-Governmental Organization
NIAID
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
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NICC
National Interagency Coordination Center supports incidents of National significance,
mainly wildfire but other incidents as well. A function of National Interagency Fire
Center(NIFC).
NIFC oversight and
National Interagency Fire Center. Located in Boise, Idaho,NIFC p
logistical support for wildfires.
NIH
National Institutes of Health
NIMS
National Incident Management System
NIOSH
National Institute on Occupational Safety and Health
NO-WIND NO-SLOPE SPREAD RATE
The theoretical rate of spread predicted for a fire burning on flat ground with no wind.
NOAA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NOMEX® of flight suits
Trade name for a fire resistant synthetic material used in the manufacturing g
and pants and shirts used by firefighters.
NORMAL FIRE SEASON
1)A season when weather,fire danger, and number and distribution of fires are about
average. 2)Period of the year that normally comprises the fire season.
NOTIFIABLE CONDITIONS
Incidences of communicable disease,traumatic injury,cancer,or other health condition
that a state requires healthcare providers to report to a central collecting agency.
NOTICE TO AIRMEN
Temporary airspace restrictions for non-emergency aircraft in the incident area.
NPS
National Park Service
NPS
National Pharmaceutical Stockpile
NRC
National Regulatory Commission;National Response Center
NRF
National Response Framework
NRT
National Response Team
NSA
National Security Agency
NUCLEAR DETONATION
An explosion resulting from fission and/or fusion reactions in nuclear material, such as
that from a nuclear weapon.
NVPO
National Vaccine Program Office
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NWCEPAC
Northwest Colorado Emergency Preparedness Advisory Council
NWCG
National Wildfire Coordinating Group
NWIMT
Northwest Region All Hazards Incident Management Team Type III
NWS
National Weather Service
OAA
Older Americans Act
OEM
Office of Emergency Management
OER
Office of Emergency Response
OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES
World Organization for Animal Health, an international organization including 167
member countries that collects, analyzes, and reports information on global animal
disease situations.
OFFICE OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Division of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
OFFICE OF PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS
Office within the U.S. Office of Health and Human Services that provides coordination
between the CDC and IIRSAQ Cooperative Agreements.
OFFICER
The Incident Command System title for the personnel responsible for the command staff
positions of safety, liaison, and information.
OIE
Office International des Epizooties
OPA
Oil Pollution Act
OPA
Otherwise Protected Area
OPEN BURNING
The burning of materials wherein products of combustion are emitted directly into the
ambient air without passing through a stack or chimney from an enclosed chamber.Open
burning does not include road flares, smudge pots, and similar devices associated with
safety or occupational uses typically considered open flames or recreational fifes.For the
purpose of this definition, a chamber shall be regarded as enclosed when,during the time
combustion occurs,only apertures, ducts,stacks,flues, or chimneys necessary to provide
combustion air and permit the escape of exhaust gas are open,
OPEN WIND SPEED
The wind speed measured or forecasted for a standard height above the tallest vegetation.
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OPERATIONAL PERIOD
The period of time scheduled for execution of a given set of tactical/operation actions as
specified in the incident action plan. Operational periods can be of various lengths,
although usually not more than 24 hours.
OPERATIONS
Conducts tactical operation to carry out the incident action plan, develops the tactical
objectives, organization,and directs all resources.
OPERATIONS BRANCH DIRECTOR
Person under the direction of the operations section chief who is responsible for
implementing that portion of the incident action plan appropriate to the branch.
OPERATIONS CHIEF
A member of the general staff responsible for the management of all tactical operations in
accordance with the incident action plan.
OPERATIONS SECTION
The section responsible for all tactical operations at the incident. Includes branches,
divisions,and/or groups,task forces, strike teams, single resources, and staging areas.
OPERATIONS SECTION
The subset of an incident management team that does the actual firefighting.
OPHP
Office of Public Health Preparedness
OPTIMUM PACKING RATIO
Packing ratio corresponding to maximum reaction velocity.
OSC
On-Scene Coordinator
OSHA
U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OTS
Out of Service
OUT-OF-SERVICE RESOURCES
Resources assigned to an incident but unable to respond for mechanical,rest, or
personnel reasons.
OVERHEAD COSTS
Indirect administrative costs that cannot be readily identified with specifically financed
programs and functions.
OVERHEAD PERSONNEL
Personnel who are assigned to supervisory positions that include incident commander,
command staff, general staff,directors, supervisors,and unit leaders. Members of an
overhead incident management team.
PA
Public Address System
PACK TEST
Used to determine the aerobic capacity of fire suppression and support personnel and
assign physical fitness scores.The test consists of walking a specified distance,with or
without a weighted pack, in a predetermined period of time,with altitude corrections.
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PACKING RATIO
The fraction of fuelbed volume occupied by fuel particles.
PANDEMIC .
The worldwide outbreak of a disease in numbers clearly in excess of normal. (See also
Epidemic)
PANDEMIC INFLUENZA
A widespread epidemic of influenza caused by a highly virulent strain of the influenza
virus.
PARACARGO
Anything dropped, or intended for dropping,from an aircraft by parachute,by other
retarding devices, or by free fall.
PARASITE
An organism living in, with, or on another organism.
PARTICIPATING COMMUNITY
A community for which the Mitigation Division Administrator has authorized the sale of
flood insurance under the NFIP.
PASSIVE CROWN FIRE
A type of crown fire in which the crowns of individual trees or small groups of trees
bum,but solid flaming in the canopy cannot be maintained except for short periods.
PATHOGEN
Any agent or organism that can cause disease.
PATHOGENIC
Causing disease or capable of doing so.
PAZ
Protective Action Zone
PCALERT
Pitkin County Alert system—Sends text messages to cell phones, email addresses,etc.
PCEM
Pitkin County Emergency Management
PCHHS
Pitkin County Health& Human Services
PCSO
Pitkin County Sheriff's Office
PDA
Preliminary Damage Assessment
PEAK FIRE SEASON
That period of the fire season during which fires are expected to ignite most readily,to
burn with greater than average intensity,and to create damages at an unacceptable level.
PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT(PPE)
All personnel must be equipped with proper equipment and clothing in order to mitigate
the risk of injury from, or exposure to,hazardous conditions encountered while working.
PHIN
Public Health Information Network
PHPPO
CDC's Public Health Practice Program Office
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PHTN
Public Health Training Network
PIO
Public Information Officer
PLANNING
Develops the incident action plan to accomplish the objectives,collects and evaluates
information,and maintains resource status.
PLANNING CHIEF
A member of the incident commander's general staff responsible for collection,
evaluation, dissemination, and use of information about the development of the incident
and status of resources. Information is needed to: (1)understand the current situation; (2)
predict probable course of incident events;and(3) prepare alternative strategies and
control operations for the incident.
PLANNING MEETING
A meeting held as needed throughout the duration of an incident to select specific
strategies and tactics for incident control operations, and for service and support
planning. On larger incidents,the planning meeting is a major element in the
development of the incident action plan.
PLANNING SECTION
Responsible for the collection, evaluation,and dissemination of tactical information
related to the incident, and for the preparation and documentation of incident action
plans. The section also maintains information on the current and forecasted situations,
and on the status of resources assigned to the incident. Includes the situation,resource,
documentation,and demobilization units, as well as technical specialists.
PLANNING SECTION
The subset of an incident management team concerned with supporting the team's
strategic needs, including mapping, gathering intelligence, and tracking all resources
assigned to an incident.
POD
Point of Dispensing. Location where public health agencies administer pharmaceuticals.
POD
Point of Distribution. Central location where caches of emergency supplies are delivered
(FEMA).
POINT PROTECTION
A tactic in which firefighters focus on protecting a specific location or zone from fire,
rather than attacking the entire fire. Point protection is used primarily when a fire is
moving so rapidly that conventional firefighting tactics cannot be organized and
implemented. Crews must instead focus on protecting values at risk(structures,for
example)while managers organize a broader attack. Point protection can also be used
when the team managing the fire does not have enough resources for a conventional
attack, or when the fire's threats to values can be met with a less than full suppression.
POINT-SOURCE FIRE
An elliptical fire burning in a uniform fire environment.
PPA
Performance Partnership Agreement
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PPE
Personal Protective Equipment
PREFERRED RISK POLICY(PRP)
A policy that offers fixed combination of building/contents coverage or contents-only
coverage at modest, fixed premiums. The PRP is available for property located in B,C,
and X zones in Regular Program communities that meet eligibility requirements based on
the property's flood loss history.
PRE-HOSPITAL
Actions performed prior to the arrival to a hospital facility.
PRE-HOSPITAL EMS AGENCY
Any volunteer,career,private,or governmental emergency medical service agency or
service that is certified by the State of Colorado to render pit-hospital emergency care
and provide emergency transportation of sick and/or injured people as described in CRS
25-3.5-203.
PRELIMINARY DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
A mechanism used to determine the impact and magnitude of damage and the resulting
unmet needs of individuals,businesses,the public sector,and the community-as a whole.
Information collected is used by the state as a basis for the Governor's request for a
Presidential declaration, and by FEMA to document the recommendation made to the
President in response to the Governor's request. PDAs are made by at least one state and
one federal representative. A local government representative familiar with the extent and
location of damage in the community often participates; other state and federal agencies
and voluntary relief organizations also may be asked to participate,as needed.
PREPAREDNESS
The activities necessary to build and sustain performance across all of the other domains.
Preparedness is part of the life cycle of a specific incident in that it includes the range of
deliberate,time-sensitive tasks that need to occur in the transition from prevention to
response. Preparedness can also be characterized as a continuous process or cycle.
Preparedness involves efforts at all levels of government and within the private sector to
identify risks or threats,to determine vulnerabilities,to inventory resources available to
address those vulnerabilities,and to identify requirements or shortfalls;resulting in a
preparedness plan to remedy shortfalls over time.
PRESCRIBED FIRE
Any fire ignited by management actions under certain,predetermined conditions to meet
specific objectives related to hazardous fuels or habitat improvement.A written,
approved prescribed fire plan must exist, and NEPA requirements must be met,prior to
ignition.
PRESCRIBED FIRE PLAN(BURN PLAN)
This document provides the prescribed fire burn boss information needed to implement
an individual prescribed fire project.
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PREVENTION
Actions to avoid an incident,to intervene to stop an incident from occurring, or to
mitigate an incident's effects. It involves actions to protect lives and property and to -_
defend against attacks. It involves applying intelligence and other information to a range
of activities that may include such countermeasures as deterrence operations;heightened
inspections;improved surveillance and security operations; investigations to determine
the full nature and source of the threat; public health surveillance, and testing processes;
immunizations,isolation,or quarantine; and law enforcement operations aimed at
deterring,preempting, interdicting, or disrupting illegal activity.
PRIVATE SECTOR
Non-governmental organizations, including voluntary organizations, provide essential
services to victims regardless of their eligibility for federal or state assistance. Volunteers
enhance community coordination and action at both the national and local levels.
PROCUREMENT UNIT
Functional unit within the finance/administration section responsible for financial matters
involving vendor contracts.
PROGRESSIVE METHOD OF LINE CONSTRUCTION
A system of organizing workers to build fireline in which they advance without changing
relative positions in line.
PROJECT FIRE
A fire of such size or complexity that a large organization and prolonged activity is
required to suppress it.
PROPHYLACTIC
A medical procedure or practice that prevents or protects against a disease or condition
(e.g., vaccines,antibiotics, drugs).
PROPOLAXIS
Designed to prevent an undesirable affect or disease.
PROTECTION AGENCY
The agency or county responsible for providing direct wildland fire protection to a given
area pursuant to an agreement.
PROTECTION AREA MAPS
Official maps of the annual operating plans.
PROTECTION BOUNDARIES
Mutually agreed upon boundaries which identify areas of direct fire protection
responsibility and are shown on maps in the annual operating plans.
PUBLIC HEALTH INFORMATION NETWORK
Standards that provide the basis for developing and implementing information technology
projects for the CDC-funded programs, including National Electronic Disease
Surveillance System (NEDSS),Health Alert Network(HAN), and others.
PUBLIC HEALTH TRAINING NETWORK
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's distance learning system that uses
instructional media ranging from print-based to videotape and multimedia to meet the
training needs of the public health workforce nationwide.
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PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICER
Official at headquarters or in the field responsible for preparing and coordinating the
dissemination of public information in cooperation with other responding federal, state, . __
and local agencies.
PULASKI
A combination chopping and trenching tool,which combines a single-bitted axe-blade
with a narrow adze-like trenching blade fitted to a straight handle. Useful for grubbing or
trenching in duff and matted roots. Well-balanced for chopping.
PUSH PACKAGE
A delivery of medical supplies and pharmaceuticals sent from the National
Pharmaceutical Stockpile for a state undergoing an emergency within 12 hours of federal
approval of a request by the state's Governor.
PYROLOSIS
The breaking down of complex cellulose and lignin molecules into simpler,combustible
matter through the application of heat.
RACES
Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service
RADIANT BURN
A burn received from a radiant heat source.
RADIATION SICKNESS
The symptoms characterizing the sickness known as radiation injury, resulting from
excessive exposure of the whole body to ionizing radiation.
RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING
The process of locating and measuring radiation by means of survey instruments that can
detect and measure(as exposure rates) ionizing radiation.
RAP
Radiological Assistance Program
RATE OF SPREAD
The relative activity of a fire in extending its horizontal dimensions. It is expressed as a
rate of increase of the total perimeter of the fire, as rate of forward spread of the fire
front,or as rate of increase in area, depending on the intended use of the information.
Usually it is expressed in chains or acres per hour for a specific period in the fire's
history.
RAWS
Remote Automatic Weather Station
RCV
Replacement Cost Value
RE-1
Roaring Fork School District
REACH
The length of area between two specific points along a river, stream,or channel for which
measurements of a river gage are representative.
REACT •
Radio Emergency Associated Communications Teams
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REASSORTMENT
The rearrangement of genes from two distinct influenza strains to produce a novel viral
strain.
REBURN
The burning of an area that has been previously burned but that contains flammable fuel
that ignites when burning conditions are more favorable; an area that has rebumed.
RECIPROCAL FIRE PROTECTION
The time period when the assisting/cooperating agency is providing assistance at no cost
to the jurisdictional agency; sometimes called mutual aid period.
RECIPROCAL ZONE
The area within one-half mile of a jurisdiction boundary.
RECORDERS
Individuals within Incident Command System organizational units who are responsible
for recording information. Recorders may be found in planning, logistics, and
finance/administration units.
RECOVERY
Those actions necessary to restore the community back to normal and to bring the
perpetrators of an intentional incident to justice. It entails the development, coordination,
and execution of service- and site-restoration plans; the reconstitution of government
operation and services; individual, private-sector, and public assistance programs to
provide housing and to promote restoration; long-teen care and treatment of affected
persons; additional measures for social,political,environmental, and economic
restoration; evaluation of the incident to identify lessons learned; post-incident reporting;
and development of initiatives to mitigate the effects of future incidents.
RECREATIONAL FIRE
An outdoor fire burning materials other than rubbish where the fuel being burned is not
contained in an incinerator, outdoor fireplace,barbeque grill,or barbeque pit and has a
total fuel area of three feet(914 mm)or less in diameter and two feet(610 nun)or less in
height for pleasure,religious, ceremonial, cooking,warmth,or similar purposes.
RED CARD
Fire qualification card issued to fire-rated persons showing their training needs and their
qualifications to fill specified fire suppression and support positions in a large fire
suppression or incident organization.
RED FLAG WARNING
Advises user agencies of the imminent or actual occurrence of red flag conditions. Red
flag events normally require the combination of high to extreme fire danger and critical
weather conditions. These weather conditions may include, but are not limited to:
• Significant increase in surface wind speeds;
• A dry thunderstorm outbreak;
• Significant decrease in relative humidity;
• Significant increase in temperature;
• First episode of thunderstorms after a hot, dry period;
• A Haines Index of 6; or
• Any combination of weather and fuel moisture conditions that, in the judgment of
the forecaster, would cause extensive wildfire occurrences.
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REGULAR PROGRAM
The final phase of a community's participation in the National Flood Insurance Program.
In this phase, a Flood Insurance Rate Map is in effect and full limits of coverage are
available under the Act.
REHABILITATION
The activities necessary to repair damage or disturbance caused by wildland fires or the
fire suppression activity.
REIMBURSABLE(ASSISTANCE BY HIRE) •
Fire suppression resources that will be paid for by the requesting protecting agency per
the conditions of an agreement and its annual operating plans. Excludes mutual aid.
RELATIVE HUMIDITY(RH)
The ratio of the amount of moisture in the air,to the maximum amount of moisture that
air would contain if it were saturated. The ratio of the actual vapor pressure to the
saturated vapor pressure.
REMOTE AUTOMATIC WEATHER STATION an(RAWS) local weather data for
An apparatus that automatically acquires,processes,
later transmission to the GOES Satellite,from which the data is re-transmitted to an
earth-receiving station for use in the National Fire Danger Rating System.
REP
Radiological Emergency Preparedness Program
REPLACEMENT VALUE
The cost to replace property with the same kind of material and construction without
deduction for depreciation.
REPORTING LOCATIONS
Locations or facilities where incoming resources can check in at the incident. (See
Check-In)
RESPONSE ACTIVITIES
To address the immediate and short-term effects of an emergency or disaster. Response
includes immediate actions to save lives,protect property, and meet basic human needs.
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Efficient incident management requires a system to identify available resources at all
intergovernmental levels in order to enable timely and unimpeded access to resources
needed to prepare for, respond to, or recover from an incident. Resource management
under the NIMS includes mutual aid agreements,the use of special federal teams,and
resources mobilization protocols.
RESOURCE ORDER
An order placed for firefighting or support resources.
RESOURCE ORDERING AND STATUS SYSTEM (ROSS)
A national system that provides automated support to interagency and agency dispatch
and coordination offices. The system will provide current status of resources available to
support all-risk activities; enable dispatch offices to exchange and track resource ordering
information electronically; enable dispatch offices to rapidly and reliably exchange
mission-critical emergency electronic messages.
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RESOURCE TYPING
Refers to resource capability. A"Type 1" resource provides a greater overall capability
due to power, size, capability, etc.,than would be found in a"Type 2"resource. Resource
typing provides managers with additional information in selecting the best resource for
the task.
RESOURCES
The natural resources of an area,such as timber, wildlife habitat,grasslands, watershed
values and recreation and other values.
RESOURCES
Personnel and equipment available,or potentially available,for assignments to incidents.
Resources are described by kind and type (e.g., ground vehicles,tankers,trailers,water
vessels, skimmers,boom, air craft,etc.),and may be used in tactical support or overhead
capacities at an incident.
RESOURCE UNIT
Functional unit within the planning section responsible for recording the status of
resources committed to the incident. The unit also evaluates resources currently
committed to the incident,the impact that additional responding resources will have on
the incident, and anticipated resource needs.
RESPONSIBLE PARTY
Refers to an agency or company taking responsibility for impact mitigation(e.g., cleanup,
response management,etc.)—generally referred to as the "spiller"or"polluter."Term not
used to infer"fault"for the incident.
RESULTANT SPREAD VECTOR
The magnitude and direction of the vector resulting from the combination of the slope
vector and wind vector using vector algebra.
RETARDANT
A substance or chemical agent which reduces the flammability of combustibles.
RFTA
Roaring Fork Transit Authority
RH
Relative Humidity
RMP
Resource Management Plan
ROCKY MOUNTAIN COORDINATING GROUP
A group consisting of the agency administrators or their designated representatives to
oversee the terms of an agreement and to provide general oversight for interagency
wildland fire activities in Colorado.
ROSS
Resource Ordering and Status System
RRP
Regional Response Plan
RUN (OF A FIRE)
The rapid advance of the head of a fire with a marked change in fire line intensity and
rate of spread from that noted before and after the advance.
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RUNNING
A rapidly spreading surface fire with a well-defined head.
RUNNING ATTACH
A tactic wherein firefighters spray water on a fire from a moving engine.
RUNOFF
The part of precipitation that flows toward a river or stream on the surface of the ground,
or through the soil before returning to the surface.
SAFETY BRIEFING
A safety briefing emphasizes key safety concerns on the incident and is presented at each
briefing session. The safety briefing should contain information to alert incident
personnel of potential risk/hazard considered to be most critical.
SAFETY OFFICER
A member of the command staff responsible for monitoring and assessing safety hazards
or unsafe situations, as well as developing measures for ensuring personnel safety. The
safety officer may have assistants.
SAFETY ZONE
An area cleared of flammable materials used for escape in the event the line is outflanked
or in case a spot fire causes fuels outside the control line to render the line unsafe. In
firing operations,crews progress so as to maintain a safety zone close at hand allowing
the fuels inside the control line to be consumed before going ahead. Safety zones may
also be constructed as integral parts of fuelbreaks;they are greatly enlarged areas which
can be used with relative safety by firefighters and their equipment in the event of
blowup in the vicinity.
SAR
Search and Rescue
SARA
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
SBA
Small Business Administration
SCBA
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
SEASONAL FLU
A respiratory illness that can be transmitted person to person. Most people have some
immunity, and a vaccine is available. This is also known as the common flu or winter flu.
SECONDARY HAZARD
A threat whose potential would be realized as the result of a triggering event that of itself
would constitute an emergency. For example, dam failure might be a secondary hazard
associated with earthquakes.
SECTION
The organizational level having functional responsibility for primary segments of
incident operations such as operations, planning, logistics, and finance.The section level
is organizationally between branch and incident commander.
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SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (SCBA)
Portable air(not oxygen)tanks with regulators which allow firefighters to breathe while
in toxic smoke conditions. Usually rated for 30 minutes of service.Used primarily on
fires involving structures or hazardous materials.
SEGMENT
A geographical area in which a task force/strike team leader or supervisor of a single
resource is assigned authority and responsibility for the coordination of resources and
implementation of planned tactics. A segment may be a portion of a division or an area
inside or outside the perimeter of an incident.
SEOC
State Emergency Operations Center
SERC
State Emergency Response Commission
SERVICE BRANCH
A branch within the logistics section responsible for service activities at the incident.
Includes the communications,medical, and food units.
SFHA
Special Flood Hazard Area
SFIP
Standard Flood Insurance Policy
SHEET FLOW HAZARD
A type of flood hazard with flooding depths of 1 to 3 feet that occurs in areas of sloping
land. The sheet flow hazard is represented by the zone designation AO on the Flood
Insurance Rate Map(FIRM).
SHIFT PLAN
See"Incident Action Plan"
SINGLE RESOURCE
An individual, a piece of equipment and its personnel complement,or a crew or team of
individuals with an identified work supervisor that can be used on an incident.
SITREP
Situation Report
SITUATION UNIT
Functional unit within the planning section responsible for the collection, organization,
and analysis of incident status information,and for analysis of the situation as it
progresses.Reports to the planning section chief.
SLG
State and Local Guide
SMOKEJUMPERS
Highly trained and experienced firefighters who parachute into isolated or emerging fires.
The aircraft used by smokejumpers enables them to get to new fires usually faster than
ground forces.
SNS
Strategic National Stockpile. National cache of pertinent medical supplies and
prophylactics staged for rapid delivery.
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SOP
Standard Operating Procedure
SPAN OF CONTROL
Span of control means how many organizational elements another person may directly
manage; usually from three to seven,with one to five recommended.
SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD AREA (SFHA)
A FEMA-identified high-risk flood area where flood insurance is mandatory for
properties. An area having special flood,mudflow or flood-related erosion hazards, and
shown on a Flood Hazard Boundary Map or a Flood Insurance Rate Map as Zone A,AO,
Al-A30,AE, A99, AH, AR,AR/A, AR/AE, AR/AH, AR/AO,AR/AI-A30, V1-V30,VE
or V.
SPECIES
A class of plants or animals having common attributes and designated by a common
name. Theoretically,plants or animals of different species cannot interbreed. However,
occasionally this does not hold true.
SPOT FIRE
A fire ignited outside the perimeter of the main fire by a firebrand or any other piece of
burning material.
SPOT WEATHER FORECAST
A special forecast issued to fit the time, topography, and weather of a specific incident.
These forecasts are issued upon request of the user agency and are more detailed,timely,
and specific than zone forecasts. Usually, on-site weather observations or close,
representative observation is required for a forecast to be issued.
SPOTTING
Behavior of a fire that produces firebrands that are transported by ambient winds, fire
whirls,and/or convection columns causing spot fires ahead of the main fire perimeter.
SPREAD DIRECTION
The orientation of a fire front relative to a reference standard.
STAGE
The level of the surface of a river or lake above a predetermined base elevation(or
"datum").The stage is not a measurement of the actual water depth.
STAGING AREA
Staging areas are locations set up at an incident where resources can be placed while
awaiting a tactical assignment. Staging areas are managed by the Operations Section.
STANDARD FIRE BEHAVIOR FUEL MODEL
A fire behavior model designed for broad application.
STANDARD FLOOD INSURANCE POLICY(SFIP)
A policy issued to insure a building and/or contents.
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE
A set of instructions constituting a directive, covering those features of operations which
lend themselves to a definite, step-by-step process of accomplishment. SOPs supplement
EOPs by detailing and specifying how tasks assigned in the EOP are to be carried out.
STATE DEPARTMENTS
All-inclusive term referring to all state level governmental departments, agencies,
commissions,etc.
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STORM SURGE
A dome of sea water created by the strong winds and low barometric pressure in a
hurricane that causes severe coastal flooding as the hurricane strikes land.
STRAIN
A group of organisms within a species or variety.
STRATEGY
The general plan or direction selected to accomplish incident objectives.
STRIKE TEAM
Specified combinations of the same kind and type of resources with common
communications and a leader.
STRUCTURE FIRE PROTECTION
The protection of homes or other structures from wildland fire.
STRUCTURE FIRE SUPPRESSION
All the work of confining and extinguishing a fire beginning with its discovery through
the conclusion of the incident.
SUPERVISOR
An Incident Command System title forr individuals responsible for command of a division
or group.
SUPPLY UNIT
Functional unit within the support branch of the logistics section responsible for ordering
equipment and supplies required for incident operations.
SUPPORT BRANCH
A branch within the logistics section responsible for providing personnel, equipment,and
supplies to support incident operations. Includes the supply, facilities, and ground support
units.
SUPPORT RESOURCES
Non-tactical resources under the supervision of the logistics,planning, and
finance/administration sections or the command staff.
SUPPORTING AGENCY
The term used to designate assisting and cooperating agencies.
SUPPORTING MATERIALS
Refers to the several attachments that may be included with an incident action plan(e.g.,
communications plan,map, safety plan,traffic plan,medical plan, etc.).
SUPPRESSION
MI the work of extinguishing or confining a fire beginning with its discovery.
SURFACE FIRE
A fire that spreads through surface fuel without consuming any overlying canopy fuel.
SURFACE FUEL
Fuel lying on or near the surface of the ground,consisting of leaf and needle liter,dead
branch material, downed logs,bark,tree cones,and living plants of low stature.
SURGE CAPACITY
Ability of institutions such as clinics,hospitals, or public health laboratories to respond to
sharply increased demand for their services during a public health emergency.
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SURVEILLANCE
The systematic ongoing collection,collation, and analysis of data and the timely
dissemination of information to those who need to know so that action can be taken.
Surveillance is the essential feature of epidemiological practice.
SVPD
Snowmass Village Police Department
SWFD
Snowmass-Wildcat Fire Department
SWFPD
Snowmass-Wildcat Fire Protection District
TACTICAL DIRECTION
Direction given by the operations section chief,which includes the tactics appropriate for
the selected strategy,the selection and assignment of resources,tactics,implementation,
and performance monitoring for each operational period.
TASK FORCE
Any combination of single resources assembled for a particular tactical need,with
common communications and a leader. A task force may be pre-established and sent to
an incident or formed at an incident.
T-CARD
Cards filled out with essential information for each resource they represent. The cards are
color-coded to represent different types of resources.
TECHNICAL SPECIALISTS
Personnel with special skills that can be used anywhere within the ICS organization.
TERRORISM
A terrorist incident is a violent act, or an act dangerous to human life,property,livestock,
or a hoax in violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of Colorado, to
intimidate or coerce a government,the civilian population, or any segment thereof in the
furtherance of political or social objects. Categories of terrorist attack:
• Threats and hoaxes
• Small-scale conventional attack
• Large improvised explosives
• Chemical attack
• Biological attack
• Radiological attack
• Nuclear attack
• Cyber attack
TEMPORARY FLIGHT RESTRICTIONS (TER)
Temporary airspace restrictions for non-emergency aircraft in the incident area.TFRs are
established by the FAA to ensure aircraft safety,and are normally limited to five
nautical-mile radius and 2,000 feet in altitude.
TIME UNIT
Functional unit within the finance/administration section responsible for recording time
for incident personnel and hired equipment.
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TOB
Town of Basalt
TORCHING
Phenomenon that occurs when a fire transitions from surface fire into the crowns of
individual trees or small groups of trees and burns briefly and vigorously but not
necessarily from one crown to another.
TORCHING INDEX
The open wind speed at which some kind of crown fire is expected to initiate.
TORNADO
A local atmospheric storm,generally of short duration,formed by winds rotating at very
high speeds,usually in a counter-clockwise direction.The vortex,up to several hundred
yards wide, is visible to the observer as a whirlpool-like column of winds rotating about a
hollow cavity or funnel. Winds may reach 300 miles per hour or higher.
TOSV
Town of Snowmass Village
TOXIN
Poison from organisms.
TYPE
Refers to resource capability. A"Type 1"resource provides a greater overall capability
due to power,size, capability, etc.,than would be found in a"Type 2"resource. Resource
typing provides managers with additional information in selecting the best resource for
the task.
UNCONTROLLED FIRE
Any fire which threatens to destroy life,property, or natural resources,and (a) is not
burning within the confines of firebreaks, or(b) is burning with such intensity that it
could not be readily extinguished with ordinary tools commonly available.
UNDERBURN
A fire that consumes surface fuels but not trees or shrubs. (See also Surface Fuels)
UNIFIED AREA COMMAND
A unified area command is established when incidents under an command are multi-
jurisdictional. (See Area Command and Unified Command)
UNIFIED COMMAND
In ICS, unified command is a unified team effort which allows all agencies with
responsibility for the incident,either geographic or functional,to manage an incident by
establishing a common set of incident objectives and strategies.This is accomplished
without losing or abdicating authority, responsibility,or accountability.
UNIT
The organizational element having functional responsibility for a specific incident
planning, logistics or finance/administration activity.
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UNIT ADMNINSTRATOR(LINE OFFICER)
The individual assigned administrative responsibilities and delegated signing authority
for an established organizational unit, such as Forest Supervisors or District Rangers for
the Forest Service,District Manager for the Bureau of Land Management,Area Forester,
District Forester, or State Forester as designated for the State Forest Service,Agency
Superintendent for the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Park Superintendent for the National
Park Service, and Refuge Manager(Project Leader)for Fish and Wildlife Service. May
also include a county commissioner at a local level.
UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Provides foreign assistance to developing countries in order to further America's foreign
policy interests in expanding democracy and free markets while improving the lives of
the citizens of the developing world.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
The government agency responsible for regulating the safety and development of food,
agriculture, and natural resources.
UNITY OF COMMAND
The concept by which each person within an organization reports to one and only one
designated person.
USAID
United States Agency for International Development
USDA
U.S. Department of Agriculture
USFS
U.S. Forest Service
USGS
U.S. Geological Survey
USAR
Urban Search and Rescue
VACCINE
A preparation consisting of antigens of a disease-causing organism which,when
introduced into the body, stimulates the production of specific antibodies or altered cells.
This produces an immunity to the disease-causing organism. The antigen in the
preparation can be whole disease-causing organisms (killed or weakened)or parts of
these organisms.
VVH
Valley View Hospital
VALUES TO BE PROTECTED
Includes property, structures,physical improvements,natural and cultural resources,
community infrastructure, and economic, environmental,and social values.
VECTOR
Animal that carries a disease from animal to human(usually insects).
VECTORS
Direction of fire spread as related to rate of spread calculations(in degrees from upslope).
VFD
Volunteer Fire Department
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VIRULENT
Highly lethal; causing severe illness or death.
VIRUS
Any of various simple submicroscopic parasites of plants, animals,and bacteria that often
cause disease and that consist essentially of a core RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein
coat. Unable to replicate without a host cell, viruses are typically not considered living
organisms. •
VOAD
Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster
WARNING
The alerting of emergency response personnel and the public to the threat of
extraordinary danger and the related effects that specific hazards may cause. A warning
issued by the NWS (e.g., severe storm warning,tornado warning, tropical storm warning)
for a defined area indicates that the particular type of severe weather is imminent in that
area.
WATCH
Indication by the NWS that,in a defined area, conditions are favorable for the specified
type of severe weather (e.g., flash flood watch, severe thunderstorm watch,tornado
watch,tropical storm watch).
WATER YEAR
Hydrologists dealing with surface-water supply use the 12-month period, October I
through September 30. The water year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends
and which includes 9 of the 12 months. Thus,the year ending September 30, 2005, is
called the"2005 water year." (There are a number of reasons for dividing the months in
this fashion.The primary one is that it allows all of the seasonal snowfall to be included
into the same group).
WATERFOWL
Birds that swim and live near water, including ducks, geese,and swans.
WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION (WMD)
Title 18,U.S.C. 2332a,defines a weapon of mass destruction as(1) any destructive
device as defined in Section 921 of this title, (which reads)any explosive, incendiary,or
poison gas,bomb, grenade,rocket having a propellant charge of more than four ounces,
missile having an explosive or incendiary charge of more than one-quarter ounce, mine or
similar to the above; (2)poison gas; (3)any weapon involving a disease organism; or(4)
any weapon that is designed to release radiation or radioactivity at a level dangerous to
human life.
WET LINE
A fire control line, usually temporary,prepared by treating the fuels with water and/or
chemical,which halt the spread of the fire.
WFSA
Wildland Fire Situation Analysis
WHO
World Health Organization
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WILDFIRE
Uncontrolled fire burning in forest,brush, prairie, or cropland fuels, or conflagrations
involving such fuels and structures. —
WILDLAND
An area in which development is essentially non-existent,except for roads,railroads,
power lines,and similar transportation facilities. Structures, if any,are widely scattered.
WILDLAND FIRE
Any non-structure fire,other than prescribed fire,that occurs in the wildland.
• An unplanned wildland fire requiring suppression action or other action according
to agency policy,as contrasted with prescribed fire burning within prepared lines
enclosing a designated area,under prescribed conditions.
• A free burning wildfire unaffected by fire suppression measures.
WILDLAND FIRE SITUATION,ANALYSIS (WFSA)
A decision-making process that evaluates alternative wildfire suppression strategies
against selected environmental, social,political, and economic criteria, and provides a
record of those decisions.
WILDLAND FUELS
Any organic material, living or dead, in the ground, on the ground,or in the air that will
ignite and burn.
WILDLAND URBAN INTERFACE (WUI)
The line, area, or zone where structures and other human development meet or
intermingle with undeveloped wildland or vegetative fuels.
WIND
The horizontal movement of air relative to the surface of the earth.
WIND ADJUSTMENT
The adjustment of observed or predicted open wind speed to eye-level or mid-flame wind
speed.
WIND ADJUSTMENT FACTOR
The ratio of mid-flame wind speed to open wind speed.
WIND COEFFICIENT
A dimensionless coefficient representing the effect of wind speed on propagating flux in
the Rothermel (1972) surface fire spread model.
WIND DIRECTION
The direction of the wind vector.
WIND-DRIVEN WILDFIRE
A wildland fire in which the power of the wind exceeds the power of the fire.
WINDFALL
A tree that has been uprooted or broken off by the wind.
WIND GUST
A period of high wind speed during which the instantaneous wind speed exceeds the 10-
minute average wind speed by 10 knots(11.5 mi/h; 5 m/s).
WIND LIMIT
The theoretical mid-flame wind speed above which increases in wind speed do not
increase rate of spread or fireline intensity when using the Rothermel(1972) fire spread
model.
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WIND SPEED
The horizontal rate of movement of a parcel of air at a given point.
WIND VECTOR
The magnitude and direction of the wind coefficient.
WIND VELOCITY
The speed and direction of air movement.
WMD
Weapon of Mass Destruction
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
An agency of the United Nation established in 1948 to further international cooperation
in improving health conditions.
WPA
Wireless Priority Service. Provides priority telephone routing for wireless devices. (See
GETS) •
WRITE YOUR OWN(WYO)PROGRAM/COMPANIES
A cooperative undertaking of the insurance industry and FEMA begun in October 1983.
The WYO Program operates within the context of the National Flood Insurance Program
(NFIP) and involves private insurance carriers who issue and service NFIP policies.
WUI
Wildland Urban Interface
ZONE
A geographical area shown on a Flood Hazard Boundary Map or a Flood Insurance Rate
Map that reflects the severity or type of flooding in the area.
ZONE WEATHER FORECAST
A portion of the general fire weather forecast on a regular basis during the normal fire
season specifically to fit the requirements of fire management needs(i.e.,time,areas, and
weather elements). These zones or areas are a combination of administrative and
climatological areas,usually nearly the size of an individual forest or district.
ZOONOSES
Diseases that are transferable from animals to humans.
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