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HomeMy WebLinkAboutresolution.council.039-12 RESOLUTION # 3 (Series of 201 2) A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF ASPEN, COLORADO, ADOPTING THE ASPEN ENERGY ASSURANCE PLAN AND THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF STATE ENERGY OFFICIALS, THE STATE ENERGY ASSURANCE GUIDELINES, AND THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY'S LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENERGY ASSURANCE GUIDELINES. WHEREAS, the City Council has, through the creation of the Aspen Energy Assurance Plan, addressed emergency planning specific to the City of Aspen, Colorado energy systems; and WHEREAS , the City Council recognizes that adequate preparation for an all-hazards approach to energy assurance planning will prepare the city for numerous hazards across many categories, including sabotage and terrorism, civil disturbances, natural disasters, infrastructure failures, and public health emergencies, all of which are due to the interdependencies of the energy industry; and WHEREAS, local governments need to take an active role in mitigating the effects of energy supply disruptions and potential impacts on key local assets and critical services; and WHEREAS , though other entities may be responsible for generating, transmitting, distributing, and delivering energy to local jurisdictions, most key activities and energy consumption fall within local city boundaries; and WHEREAS , it is imperative that the city of Aspen understand its roles and responsibilities with regard to energy assurance and determine how these roles and responsibilities can most effectively be assumed; and WHEREAS, the Aspen Energy Assurance Plan (AEAP) was created to prepare for, and respond effectively to, an energy emergency at the local level; and WHEREAS, the AEAP is being adopted to develop response actions in close collaboration with regional, state, federal, and private section partners (e.g., energy utilities) until disrupted energy services (electricity, petroleum, and/or natural gas supplies) can be restored to serve the day-to-day energy needs of the local jurisdiction; and WHEREAS, the AEAP is being adopted to ensure that both the critical infrastructure and essential services that are dependent on energy systems and infrastructure are resilient or able to "bounce back" and be restored rapidly in the case of a disruption; and WHEREAS, the AEAP was created to complement and become a part of the existing Emergency Response and Continuity of Operations Plans (COOP); and WHEREAS, the AEAP supports the City of Aspen's Basic Emergency Plan and is designed to support and develop a robust response capability to a three-day (72-hour) energy emergency as a baseline planning criteria; and, WHEREAS, lifesaving and responder safety will always be the highest priorities in response to, and recovery from, an energy supply emergency; NOW, WHEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF ASPEN, COLORADO, THAT: Section One The City Council of the City of Aspen hereby approves the entitled "Aspen Energy Assurance Plan" as submitted to the Department of Energy. INTRODUCED, READ AND ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Aspen on the or/ day of , 2012. Michael C. Irela d, Mayor I, Kathryn S. Koch, duly appointed and acting City Clerk do certify that the foregoing is a true and accurate copy of that resolution adopted by the City Council of the City of Aspen, Colorado, at a meeting held 0a3 2012. A Kathryn Siroch, City Clerk )' City of Aspen Colorado Energy Assurance Plan FINAL April 2012 This Energy Assurance Plan addresses emergency planning specific to the City of Aspen, Colorado energy systems. This plan addresses the electric system, natural gas system and fuel systems. This plan follows recommendations of the National Association of State Energy Officials, State Energy Assurance Guidelines, Dec 2009 and US Department of Energy—Local Government Energy Assurance Guidelines. 1 Table of Contents List of Tables/Figures 3 1. Introduction 4 1.1 Purpose and Scope 4 1.2 Plan Review and Revision Requirements 4 2. Energy Vulnerability Analysis 5 2.1 Critical Facilities and Back-up Plans 5 2.2 Critical Energy System Components and Emergency Responsibilities 9 2.3 Portable Energy Generator Needs 10 3. Energy Emergency Preparedness and Operations Plan 11 3.1 Preparedness 11 3.1.1 System Design 11 3.1.2 Energy Assurance Plan Maintenance. 11 3.1.3 Identification of Vulnerable Population 11 3.1.4 Communications Plan. 11 3.2 Operations Plan 13 3.2.1 Incident Command System 13 3.2.2 Energy Emergency Response 14 3.2.3 Assignment of Radio Frequencies for Emergency Communications 15 3.2.4 Emergency Support Agreements with Utility Service Provider Contractors 15 3.2.5 Mutual Aid Agreements and Memorandums of Understanding 15 3.2.6 Emergency Fueling Plan 16 3.3 Recovery 17 Attachment 1 Vulnerable Population Identification 18 Attachment 2 Power Disruption Safety Tips 20 2 List of Tables/Figures Table 1 Critical Facilities and Loads 6 Table 2 Critical Energy System Components and Emergency Responsibilities 9 Table 3 Emergency Support Agreements with Utility Service Contractors 15 3 1. Introduction. 1.1 Purpose and Scope. This plan supports the Pitkin County Emergency Operations Plan and the Emergency Support Function #12—Utilities—and is designed to support and develop a robust response capability to a three day (72-hour) energy emergency as a baseline planning criteria. Lifesaving and responder safety will always be the highest priorities in response to and recovery from an energy supply emergency. Such an event has the potential to effect wide areas of Pitkin County which will require a coordinated and unified response between City and County officials in prioritization of response actions and public communications. An assured supply of energy requires solid engineering standards, well maintained infrastructure, operational flexibility, and well trained emergency responders. The Pitkin County Emergency Operations Plan utilizes the National Incident Management System (NIMS) model as the basis for its Incident Management Organization and assumes that personnel have received NIMS training appropriate to their level of responsibility for emergency response and that salient portions of this plan are tested on an annual basis. Infrastructure and engineering standards are maintained through the City's utility maintenance practices and enforcement of applicable building and design codes, The plan includes an energy vulnerability analysis and energy emergency preparedness and operations plan. 1.2 Plan Review and Revision Requirements. The City's Utilities Department is responsible for annual review of this plan and ongoing maintenance to update key contacts and other information as necessary. The City's Energy Assurance Plan Coordinator is Lee Ledesma, Utilities Operations Manager for Water and Electric. 4 • 2. Energy Vulnerability Analysis. Electric Energy The City of Aspen is served by two electric distribution companies, City-owned Aspen Electric and Holy Cross Energy Cooperative. Aspen Electric has a 4-square mile service territory surrounding downtown Aspen serving approximately 3,000 accounts. The majority of the distribution system is located underground. Holy Cross Energy provides wholesale power to the City of Aspen and retail electric service within the City of Aspen's boundaries and throughout the surrounding area. A Holy Cross substation located near the Aspen airport provides all electricity to the City of Aspen and is a single point of failure as the system is currently designed. This substation is supplied by two 115Kv Public Service of Colorado transmission lines running along Highway 82 from Basalt. In the event of failure, a temporary mobile substation could be installed. However, depending of the time of year and weather conditions, a prolonged electrical outage is not an unreasonable planning scenario. Natural Gas SourceGas (Rocky Mountain Natural Gas) serves the Aspen area through an intrastate transmission pipeline that runs along Highway 82 from just north of the Aspen Airport north to El Jebel. Natural Gas service would be interrupted to the Aspen area in the unlikely event this pipeline should become out of service. 2.1 Critical Facilities and Back-up Plans. Table 1 lists critical facilities and functions, their energy requirements, and any back-up energy sources specifically dedicated to the critical load. 5 Energy Vulnerability Analysis Table 1 --Critical Facilities and Loads Onsite Backup Back-up Energy Back-up Fuel Back-up Heating Requirement Electrical Capacity Electrical Source Critical Facility Critical function (kW) source(kW) (gallons) Endurance(hrs) (Yes/No) Aspen Valley Hospital Medical/Life Support 600 kW 14 days None Senior Center Medical/Life Support Lights Only None Ready to plug in 100 kW Portable Diesel Generator Ready to run Limited by Portable entire Diesel Fuel building; Capacity. County smaller unit does not have a Police and Sheriff can be used generator. Need stations if we isolated one sent from (COURTHOUSE) Emergency Services certain areas. None Denver or GJT None -ire stations Emergency Services 40 kW Natural Gas Supply Emergency communication Emergency transmitters Services/Dispatch Installed Boilers and pumps are on generator; 400 kW as long as Aspen/Pitkin Natural Gas they run County Generator for we will Communications the entire have Center Including Emergency Complex As long as there is some Jail Services/Dispatch w/Jail 0 natural gas. heat. 1- 1500 watt 1-4000 watt 1-5000 watt 2000 1-8000 watt gallons as part of unleaded City of Aspen Mobile 2000 Streets Department Emergency gallons building Emergency Services Trailer diesel 6 Energy Vulnerability Analysis • Onsite Backup Back-up Energy Back-up Fuel Heating Requirement Electrical Capacity Backup Electrical Source Critical Facility Critical function (kW) source (kW) (gallons) Endurance (hrs) (Yes/No) Emergency Coordination Centers Ready to plug in 100kW Portable Diesel Generator Ready to run Limited by Portable entire Diesel Fuel building; Capacity. County smaller unit does not have a can be used generator. Need County Courthouse Emergency if we isolated one sent from -506 East Main St Svcs/Government certain areas. None Denver or GJT None Alternate • Coordination Centers 70 KW City Hall, Emergency Planned for Natural Gas 130 S. Galena St Svcs/Government 273 server room Planned None Aspen Recreation Department, Emergency 110 E. Hallam Svcs/Government None None Aspen Parks Department, 585 Cemetery Emergency Lane, Svcs/Government None None Emergency Services (Heating Center. Aspen Recreation Temporary Lodging, Center etc) 420 None , None Emergency Services (Heating Center, Red Brick/Yellow Temporary Lodging, 110 Red Brick Brick etc) 45 Yellow Brick None None RFTA Buses Shelter in Place None None American Red Cross Designated Shelters Aspen High School 235 High School Shelter(Capacity Road 500) None None ;t Mary's Catholic church, 533 East Shelter(Capacity Main 50) None None 7 Energy Vulnerability Analysis Onsite Backup Back-up Energy Back-up Fuel Heating Requirement Electrical Capacity Backup Electrical Source Critical Facilit Critical function (kW) source(kW) (gallons) Endurance(hrs) (Yes/No) 65 in fuel Aspen Water tank/+40 supply plant and in Service •um•in. stations Water 40-80 100 Truck 10-11 hrs None Wastewater treatment plants and pumping Natural stations Wastewater 423 900 4000 6 da s Gas Terminal is not equipped with a generator Only in AOC Terminal—768 -Diesel Aspen Air•ort Trans.ortation AOC -307 Generator 898 24 hrs. None Energy Requirement - Anticipated electrical demand (kW) required to service critical loads while primary power source is unavailable. Back-up Electrical Source - Identify the back-up power source for the critical facility. For example, installed Diesel Generator, portable Diesel Generator, Natural Gas Generator, LP Gas Generator, etc. Back-up generators should be tested monthly. Onsite Fuel Capacity - The size of the back-up generator onsite fuel tank. Back-up Electrical Endurance - The number of hours the onsite full tank will last without refueling at full back-up generator load. Back-up Heating Source - The facility has an alternative means of space heat for occupants if the primary source fails (electrical space heaters, propane space heaters). 8 Energy Vulnerability Analysis 2.2 Critical Energy System Components and Emergency Responsibilities. The table identifies the parties responsible for operation, maintenance, repair, or replacement of critical energy system components in an emergency, including suppliers, customers, and tenants. Table 2—Critical Energy System Components and Emergency Responsibilities Commodity Rating/ Responsible Plans to repair Capacity party, contact or replace in information emergency Electrical System AABC N/A Holy Cross Potential for Substation spare Name Also has access Glenwood HQ to mobile substation Phone Number (970) 945-5491 _ Natural Gas System Mains N/A Source Gas SourceGas Transmission Response Compressor Teams Distribution Name Basalt Office Phone Number 970-927-0482 Gasoline and Diesel fuel Resupply Estimated Colette Unleaded fuel Needed Enterprises 2000 gallon on Quantity site storage TBD Ray Diesel storage 2000 gallons on site storage Contract# 970-924-7771 9 Energy Vulnerability Analysis 2.3 Portable Energy Generator Needs. In the event of a prolonged electrical power disruption, portable generators need to be provided to the following facilities within the first 8 hours of an outage. Table 3 -- Portable Generator Requirements Energy Requirement Critical Facilit Critical function kW) Courthouse EOC • 100 kW Public Shelters Public Safety >50 kW City Hall Public Communications 100 kW Traffic Lights Safety <10 kW Note: If Courthouse is used as EOC, need to obtain and hookup 100 kW generator to supply power. Back up portable generators will be identified as resources in the Emergency operations Plan. • 10 3. Energy Emergency Preparedness and Operations Plan 3.1 Preparedness. 3.1.1 System Design. The City of Aspen is served by radial electric and natural gas transmission lines that roughly follow Highway 82. Loss of either of these commodity supply lines will result in a prolonged energy outage requiring an active unified response by City and County government. Emergency Generators in Table 1 and Table 3 identify critical facilities that require immediate power in the event of an electrical outage. The City's Utilities Department is responsible for training operators and maintaining and testing fixed emergency generators. Respective City Departments are responsible for training operators and maintaining portable generators belonging to their departments. An inventory of fixed emergency generators located in private buildings (hotels) should be taken during annual fire inspections. Results of these inventories should be incorporated in a database maintained by the City's Utilities department to facilitate response planning and system restoration. 3.1.2 Energy Assurance Plan Maintenance. The City's Utilities Department is responsible for maintaining and updating this plan on an annual basis and coordinating training on salient aspects of this plan with the Pitkin County Emergency Management Coordinator and City Police Department. Annual review of the plan should include listing of critical facilities, points of contact, inventories of equipment, verification of equipment maintenance and operator training, especially emergency generator operations, and review of memorandums of understanding for mutual support. See Attachment 3. 3.1.3 Identification of Vulnerable Population. Some portions of the population may be more vulnerable to power outages than the general population. Good operating practice dictates that the vulnerable population be identified throughout the emergency response area, regardless of electrical service provider. Attachment 1, Vulnerable Population Identification Form should be used and replies filed as directed by the City's Utilities Department for use during a power outage. 3.1.4 Communications Plan. Long Term As part of general emergency preparedness and in particular for energy related outages a prepared population can greatly reduce the burden on emergency responders and local government. A long term communications strategy should be adopted through utility billing inserts and other communication vehicles to encourage the general population to take steps to be as self sufficient as possible for at least 72 hours. Residents should be reminded they should NOT keep themselves warm with 11 unsafe things like barbeque grills, unvented heaters and make sure their carbon monoxide detectors are operating. Attachment 2, Power Disruption Safety Tips, provides an example of the type of information that should be provided to the general population. Incident Response Emergency public information procedures are found in the Pitkin County Emergency Operations Plan. Coordinated joint public information is paramount to emergency management and response activities. The City of Aspen, Pitkin County and the utility service providers (Holy Cross, SourceGas) must all be communicating the same message in order to minimize confusion, facilitate rapid restoration, and protect the public. A Joint Information Center (JIC) should be established as soon as feasible with appropriate representation from the City of Aspen, Pitkin County and the utility service providers in order to provide consistent, coordinated, accurate, accessible, timely, and complete information. The JIC will be the forum through which the Unified Command provides coordinated information to the public through elected officials, public information officers, and other representatives. The JIC will be the focal point for all messages to the media and general public. It is vital to the response effort that all agencies involved put out timely and accurate information on: • Responsibility for incident command and incident leadership. • Estimated outage restoration. • Public Safety messages. o During winter- notify property managers and homeowners to drain pipes before they freeze. • Requests for assistance. • Vulnerable populations. Assets available. Information dissemination should be done through multiple media outlets or alternatives, including: News releases Reverse 911 Blogs Reader boards Mass e-mails Loud speakers Text messages Door-to-door Website posting Fliers/factsheets Outage notification systems Public service announcements 12 3.2 Operations Plan. 3.2.1 Incident Command System. Energy Emergency Preparedness and Operations Plan A current listing of Utilities Department points of contact will be maintained by the Communications Center. Upon notification of widespread energy outages the Communications Center will contact the City's Utility Director and the City Manager/Mayor. Upon declaration of a local emergency the Incident Command System will be set up and the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) activated, A wide-spread energy emergency will require the use of a Unified Command with City and County Representatives. Figure 1 --Incident Command System for Energy Emergency Unified Command Structure City and County Public Information Safety Incident Management *" . Group Utilities Department Liaison I I 1 1 Operations Planning Logistics Administration/Finance Operations Section is responsible for all tactical activities focused on saving lives and property through response to vulnerable population, reducing the immediate hazard through deployment of and use of emergency generation and standard outage response procedures, establishing situational control through communication with other departments and utility service providers, and restoring normal operations. Lifesaving and responder safety will always be the highest priorities. Planning Section collects, evaluates, and disseminates incident situation information and intelligence to the Incident Commander and incident management group. This Section prepares status reports, estimates duration of outage, displays situation information, maintains the status of resources assigned to the incident, and prepares documentation based on Operations Section input and guidance from the Incident • Management Group. 13 Logistics Section is responsible for all service support requirements needed to facilitate effective and efficient incident management, including ordering resources from off-incident locations such as diesel fuel/gasoline. This Section also provides facilities (mass shelter/feeding/warming), security (of the incident command facilities and personnel), transportation, supplies, equipment maintenance and fuel, food services, communications and information technology support, and emergency responder medical services, including inoculations, as required. Finance/Administration Section is established when the incident management activities require on-scene or incident-specific finance and other administrative support services. Some of the functions that fall within the scope of this Section are recording personnel time and reimbursable expenses. 3.2.2 Energy Emergency Response. Key priorities for the Unified Command during the response to an energy emergency should include: 1. Respond to life safety/vulnerable population needs. See Attachment 1. 2. Contact local utility providers and determine estimated restoration timeframe. 3. Notify Incident Management Group of estimated restoration timeframe. 4. Verify critical facilities are operational. 5. Verify fuel requirements to support back-up generation and/or heating requirements can be met. 6. Make recommendation to the Incident Management Group regarding Public Information needs. 7. Based on restoration timeframe and other factors recommend whether or not mass shelter facilities should be activated for warming/feeding general population. Emergency Shelter Sites will be identified in accordance with Emergency Support Function #6, Mass Care, Housing and Human Services. 8. Determine resource gap and request needed resources through: a. Memorandums of Understanding/Mutual Aid Agreements. b. State and County Resources. c. National Guard. 9. Determine whether additional resources are needed and can only be obtained through declaration of emergency by the Governor. 10.Establish a Joint Information Center. 11.Ensure proper electrical safety practices are observed during emergency generator operation and system restoration. 14 3.2.3 Assignment of Radio Frequencies for Emergency Communications. Radio frequencies for communication during emergency response and recovery efforts are assigned by the Aspen/Pitkin Communications Center. Note that the SCADA system may be able to be used as back-up radio system with 12 hours battery back-up. 3.2.4 Emergency Support Agreements with Utility Service Provider Contractors. Table 4 Emergency Support Agreements with Utility Service Contractors Critical need Company and contact Emergency support contingency clauses for identified restoring critical loads High voltage Company XYZ Restore transformers (example) Electricians Name Phone Portable Company XYZ Provide XX number portable generators and hook up Generators Name at following locations: Phone Electrical Company XYZ Provide emergency supply of electrical conductor Conductor Name Phone Note: These will be filled in as agreements are finalized. 3.2.5 Mutual Aid Agreements and Memorandums of Understanding. The following Mutual Aid Agreements or Memorandums of Understanding exist to support emergency response. Example for illustrative purposes MOU #1. Holy Cross Electric. Provided technical assistance with outage response to Emergency Operations Center personnel and provided support for public communications to Unified Command and Joint Public Information Center. POC Name/ Phone number MAA #1. Request Colorado National Guard supply emergency generators. 15 3.2.6 Emergency Fueling Plan. The City of Aspen has emergency fuel contracts for fuel oil and gasoline with vendors found in Table 2. Coordination of emergency fuel deliveries is the responsibility of the Logistics Section to ensure continuous operation of the emergency generators and City vehicles. Endurance values for emergency generators are found in Table 1 and should be used for scheduling fuel deliveries. For the purpose of scheduling fuel deliveries for any future emergency generators, fuel use will be estimated for each generator size to determine endurance. 16 3.3 Recovery. A systematic recovery is necessary to maintain work safety, complete documentation and ensure reimbursement for emergency expenditures. Key priorities for the Unified Command during the response to an energy emergency should include: 1. Upon notice that the situation has been restored to normal, proclaim an end to the event. 2. Inform local government departments to revert to normal operations. 3. Inform the Incident Management Group. 4. Provide appropriate public information through the JIC and disestablish the JIC. 5. Shut down emergency generation and coordinate the retransfer to local electric utility power. 6. Remove portable generators and return them to storage. 7. Return back-up equipment to standby status and replenish fuel supplies. 8. Reset traffic signals. 9. Complete damage reports if an emergency was proclaimed. 10.Hold a debriefing. 11.Verify Finance/Administration Department has all required documentation. 12.Complete after Action Report and brief City Government on event. • 17 Attachment 1 Vulnerable Population Identification The following is the survey used by the City of Aspen Utilities to request information directly from vulnerable (i.e. life support) electric customers. This information will be made available to public safety agencies and any other emergency support function teams that may need this information in case of an emergency. Dear Resident, To better serve our community, the City of Aspen is identifying electric service customers whom use life-sustaining equipment at their homes due to serious medical conditions, significant physical or mental impairments, or have other significant limitations that would be adversely affected by an interruption in power. If you meet these criteria, please complete and return the attached survey. We appreciate your participation which is voluntary and confidential. Please note that your participation in this survey does not imply any change in service, additional services, or other obligations for your electric service from the City of Aspen. Please contact Lee Ledesma at 970.429.1975 or feel @ci.aspen.co.us with any questions. Name: Street Address: Mailing Address: Home Phone: Mobile Phone: Electric Provider: City of Aspen Holy Cross Energy City of Aspen Account # Holy Cross Energy Account # Do you have any medical equipment that requires uninterrupted electric power? Yes No 18 What type of electrically powered medical equipment do you use? How often do you use this equipment? Do you have a back-up power supply for this equipment? Yes No If yes, please describe the back-up power supply and approximately how long it can operate the equipment. Is there any other reason why you would need an uninterrupted power supply? Signature 19 Attachment 2 Power Disruption Safety Tips General Public. What Should I Do? • Meet with your family and/or neighbors to discuss the disruptions and how to prepare and respond. • Have a plan for medically fragile friends and relatives. If they use life support equipment, know if the equipment has a battery back-up and test it. • Know and watch for signs of heat stress or hypothermia, particularly in small children and the elderly and medically fragile. During Summer. • Be aware of days of extreme heat predictions by listening to the radio, TV and/or reading the paper. • Stay indoors and avoid extreme temperature changes. • Wear light colored, lightweight and loose fitting clothing. • Make appointments for the doctor, shopping etc. in the morning. • Prevent dehydration by drinking at least 6-8 glasses of fluids every day. • Avoid coffee, caffeine containing soda, tea and alcohol. • Avoid any direct exposure to the sun. If you must go outside, wear sunscreen, a hat and conduct outdoor activities during the coolest part of the day. During Winter. • If you go outside for any reason, dress for the season and expected conditions: For cold weather, wear several layers of loose-fitting, lightweight, warm clothing rather than one layer of heavy clothing. Outer garments should be tightly woven and water-repellent. • Mittens are warmer than gloves. • Wear a hat. • Cover your mouth with a scarf to protect your lungs from extremely cold air. • Wear sturdy, waterproof boots in snow or flooding conditions. • Conserve fuel, if necessary, by keeping your house cooler than normal. • Temporarily shut off heat to less-used rooms. • If using kerosene or propane heaters, maintain ventilation to avoid build-up of toxic fumes. • Keep heaters at least three feet from flammable objects. • Refuel kerosene or propane heaters outside. • Avoid travel, if possible. If you must travel, do so during daylight. • Don't travel alone. • Stay on main roads and keep others informed of your schedule. • Prepare home for possible freezing of pipes. 20 Special Concerns. • Health concerns associated with a rise in temperature include heat cramps, heat fatigue, heat syncope, heat exhaustion, or heat stroke. General signs and symptoms of heat related health problems include weakness, dizziness, nausea, and/or muscle cramps. For heat cramps, heat fatigue or heat syncope. • You should stop the activity which caused the symptoms and move to a cooler environment if feasible. If you have other medical concerns, you should contact your physician. For heat exhaustion. • Seek immediate medical attention. Do everything possible in the interim of medical advisement inclusive of moving to a cooler environment as feasible, minimize activity, drink water or juice, and use cool wet clothes on the body. • Signs and symptoms of heat stroke include sudden high temperature, headache, rapid heartbeat, difficulty breathing, rapid breathing, profuse sweating, muscle rigidity, confusion/altered mental status and/or possible seizures. For heat stroke. • Call 911 immediately, as this is a medical emergency. Be sure to move to a cooler environment as feasible, apply cold water compresses to the body or immerse your body in cool water while waiting for medical transport. Frostbite. • Frostbite is a severe reaction to cold exposure that can permanently damage its victims. A loss of feeling and a white or pale appearance in fingers, toes, or nose and ear lobes are symptoms of frostbite Hypothermia. • Hypothermia is a condition brought on when the body temperature drops to less than 90 degrees Fahrenheit. Symptoms of hypothermia include uncontrollable shivering, slow speech, memory lapses, frequent stumbling, drowsiness, and exhaustion. 21 For Frostbite or Hypothermia. • If frostbite or hypothermia is suspected, begin warming the person slowly and seek immediate medical assistance. Warm the person's trunk first. Use your own body heat to help. Arms and legs should be warmed last because stimulation of the limbs can drive cold blood toward the heart and lead to heart failure. Put person in dry clothing and wrap their entire body in a blanket. • Never give a frostbite or hypothermia victim something with caffeine in it (like coffee or tea or alcohol). Caffeine, a stimulant, can cause the heart to beat faster and hasten the effects the cold has on the body. Alcohol, a depressant, can slow the heart and also hasten the ill effects of cold body temperatures. What Will I Need? • An extra three-day supply of any needed medication or medical supplies. • A first aid kit for your home. • A battery-powered radio with fresh batteries (this may be your only source of information during the disruptions). • Additional supplies for special needs (i.e. infants, seniors, pets). • Have reserve supply of bottled water. Seniors and/or Persons with Disabilities. • Contact the local electrical utility company in advance about any specific needs regarding machines or other life-sustaining devices that depend on electricity. If lack of electricity would create an immediate threat to life or safety, local public safety agencies should also be given advance notification. • To expedite emergency response, house numbers should be readily visible from the street. • For people using battery-powered mobility or breathing equipment, assure that batteries are fully charged each day. Contact your medical equipment provider to be aware of their ability to assist during a power disruption. • Establish a support network of friends and neighbors who can check in periodically if the power is out to assure that assistance is available if needed. • Keep a flashlight or lantern equipped with fresh batteries within easy reach, so that some light is immediately available if the power does go out. For people with limited reach or grasping ability, inexpensive battery-operated touch lamps are a good option. Such lights can be installed in areas of greatest use, and are small enough to be carried in an emergency. Do not use candles or oil lamps for light in an emergency, as they can be fire hazards. • Store supplies of medicine and drinking water so they will be readily accessible in the event of a power disruption. Some household water supplies may be disrupted during power disruptions. • Assemble a 10-day supply of prescription medications and durable medical goods and store them in a convenient location, in the event that a prolonged electrical disruption or other emergency should require evacuation. 22 • A copy of emergency contact numbers and current prescriptions should be stored in the same location. • Cordless telephones may not work during a power disruption, so consider keeping a standard phone plugged into a second phone jack in case it is ever needed. A cellular phone is also a good back-up option, but be aware that in a widespread emergency any communication network may quickly become overloaded with calls. • When an electrical disruption occurs, turn off all appliances, computers and lights except for one that will indicate when power has been restored. • Food Safety - Perishable food should not be held above 40 degrees for more than 2 hours. During a power disruption, do not open the refrigerator or freezer, as an unopened refrigerator will keep food cold enough for a couple of hours. If the refrigerator was out for more than 2-4 hours, you are best to discard perishables. For Further Information Contact the City of Aspen, American Red Cross or Council on Aging. 23