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SECTION 329300—PLANTS | 100% CDS
PART 1 —GENERAL
1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Drawings, Contract Documents and general provisions of the Contract as provided by
the Contractor, Landscape Architect or Owner’s Representative.
B. The Contractor shall comply with the City of Aspen’s Landscape Ordinance and Water
Efficient Landscape Standards (COA WELS) found at
https://www.cityofaspen.com/199/Landscape-Ordinance. The following specifications
reference COA WELS but do not constitute the full list of requirements with which the
Contractor must comply. Any deviations from COA WELS must be formally appealed
with the City of Aspen. This process requires submission of a soils analysis report in
accordance with the terms of Landscape Ordinance Section 5.1.1E.
1.2 SUMMARY
A. Section Includes:
1. Plant Materials.
2. Trees.
3. Shrubs.
4. Perennials.
5. Seed.
6. Sod.
7. Topsoil, Plant Mix and Soil Amendments.
8. Fertilizers.
9. Mulches.
10. Stone.
11. Landscape and Pavement Edgings.
12. Tree Stabilization.
13. Miscellaneous Products and Materials.
1.3 DEFINITIONS
A. ANSI Z60.1: American Standard for Nursery Stock.
B. ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials.
C. Backfill: The earth used to replace or the act of replacing earth in an excavation.
D. Balled and Burlapped Stock (B&B): Exterior plants dug with firm, intact, natural balls of
earth in which they were grown, with a ball size not less than diameter and depth
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recommended by ANSI Z60.1 for type and size of tree or shrub required; wrapped,
tied, rigidly supported, and drum-laced, with the root flare visible at the surface of the
ball as recommended by ANSI Z60.1.
E. Bare-Root Stock: Plants with a well-branched, fibrous-root system developed by
transplanting or root pruning, with soil or growing medium removed, and with not less
than the minimum root spread according to ANSI Z60.1 for type and size of plant
required.
F. Container-Grown Stock: Healthy, vigorous, well-rooted exterior plants grown in a
container, with a well-established root system reaching sides of container and
maintaining a firm ball when removed from container. Container shall be rigid enough
to hold ball shape and protect root mass during shipping and be sized according to
ANSI Z60.1 for type and size of plant required.
G. Contract Documents: Drawing sheets and notes (Drawings), Specifications, bid forms
and other documentation furnished by the Landscape Architect and other disciplines.
Any discrepancies, questions or clarifications regarding the intent of the contract
documents shall be clarified with the Landscape Architect prior to construction or
procurement.
H. Finish Grade: Elevation of finished surface of planting soil, mulch (in some cases, see
Drawings) or pavement.
I. Pesticide: A substance or mixture intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or
mitigating a pest. Pesticides include insecticides, miticides, herbicides, fungicides,
rodenticides, and molluscicides. They also include substances or mixtures intended for
use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant. Some sources classify herbicides
separately from pesticides. All pesticides shall be organic.
J. Pests: Living organisms that occur where they are not desired or that cause damage to
plants, animals, or people. Pests include insects, mites, grubs, mollusks (snails and
slugs), rodents (gophers, moles, and mice), unwanted plants (weeds), fungi, bacteria,
and viruses.
K. Plant; Plants; Plant Material: These terms refer to vegetation in general, including trees,
shrubs, vines, ground covers, ornamental grasses, bulbs, corms, tubers, or
herbaceous vegetation.
L. Planting Soil; Plant Mix; Topsoil: Existing, on-site soil; imported soil; or manufactured
soil that has been modified with soil amendments and possibly fertilizers to produce a
soil mixture best for plant growth of that particular species or planting area.
M. Root Flare: Also called "trunk flare." The area at the base of the plant's stem or trunk
where the stem or trunk broadens to form roots; the area of transition between the root
system and the stem or trunk.
N. Stem Girdling Roots: Roots that encircle the stems (trunks) of trees below the soil
surface.
O. Subgrade: The surface or elevation of subsoil remaining after excavation is complete,
or the top surface of a fill or backfill before planting soil is placed.
1.4 PREINSTALLATION MEETING
A. Pre-Construction Conference: The Contractor shall request and conduct conference at
the Project Site with the Landscape Architect, Owner’s Representative and other
related trades and consultants prior to beginning work.
1.5 SUBMITTALS
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A. Planting Product Data and Certification: The Contractor shall submit each item in this
Article according to the Conditions of the Contract for Landscape Architect and
Owner’s Representative approval:
1. Plant Materials Order List: Include quantities, sizes, quality, and sources for
plant materials.
2. Plant Photographs: Include color photographs of each specified species and
size of plant material as it will be furnished to Project. Take photographs from
an angle depicting true size and condition of the typical plant to be furnished.
Include a scale rod or other measuring device in each photograph. Include a
minimum of two photographs showing the best quality plant and the worst
quality plant to be furnished. Identify each photograph with the full scientific
name of the plant, plant size, and name of the growing nursery.
3. Certification of grass seed from seed vendor for each grass-seed mixture
stating the botanical and common name, percentage by weight of each
species, variety, percentage of purity, germination, and weed seed. Include the
year of production.
4. Certification of turf grass sod from the manufacturer stating the botanical and
common name and percentage of each species.
5. Fertilizers: Product label and manufacturer's application instructions specific to
Project, including compliance with specified requirements.
6. Pesticides and Herbicides: Product label and manufacturer's application
instructions specific to Project, including compliance with specified
requirements.
B. Samples for Verification: The Contractor shall submit samples for each of the following
for Landscape Architect and Owner’s Representative approval:
1. Organic Compost, Soil Amendments and Mulch: 1-pint of each mulch required;
in sealed plastic bags labeled with composition of materials by percentage of
weight and source of mulch. Each Sample shall be typical of the lot of material
to be furnished and provide an accurate representation of color, texture, and
organic makeup.
2. Edging Materials and Accessories: Provide sample with Manufacturer’s
warranty to verify size and color selected for each type.
3. Tree-Stabilization Materials and Accessories: One complete set for each
application.
4. Stone: One pint of each stone specified, labeled with source, type and size.
Sample shall be typical of the lot of material to be delivered and installed on-site
and shall provide an accurate indication of color, texture, and makeup of the
material.
C. Informational Submittals: The Contractor shall provide the following information for
Landscape Architect and Owner’s Representative approval:
1. Qualification Data: For Landscape Contractor. See QUALITY ASSURANCE.
2. Soils Testing and Analysis: From a qualified independent testing agency
reporting suitability of plant mix and/or soil amendments required for plant
growth of specified plants of each plant-type area. See QUALITY ASSURANCE.
D. Product Certificates: For each type of manufactured product, from manufacturer, and
complying with the following:
a. Manufacturer's certified analysis of standard products.
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b. Analysis of other materials by a recognized laboratory made according to
methods established by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists,
where applicable.
c. Warranty: Three (3) copies of a written warranty stating all items included
in the warranty, conditions of the warranty, and beginning and ending of
warranty period(s).
d. Delivery tickets for all bulk materials with Owner's Representative's
approval or acknowledgment that materials were received in satisfactory
condition.
E. Closeout Submittals
1. Maintenance Instructions: Recommended procedures for maintenance of
exterior plants during a calendar year. Before expiration of required
maintenance periods, Contractor shall submit three (3) copies of written
instructions to the Landscape Architect or Owner’s Representative for
maintenance and care of landscaping to be performed by the Contractor during
the Contractor’s warranty period. Include directions for irrigation, fertilizing,
pruning and spraying as required for continued and proper maintenance
through a full growing season and dormant period. Maintenance will be the
responsibility of the Contractor until one year after the date of Final Acceptance.
1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Contractor Qualifications: A qualified Landscape Contractor/Installer, whose work has
resulted in successful establishment of exterior plants. Include 2 similar projects
completed by Contractor with color photographs demonstrating Contractor's
capabilities and experience. Include project names, addresses, year completed and
names and phone numbers of references for each project.
1. Contractor’s Field Supervision: Require Installer to maintain an experienced full-
time supervisor on project site when exterior planting is in progress.
2. Professional Membership: Contractor shall be a member in good standing of
either the National Association of Landscape Professionals or the American
Nursery and Landscape Association.
B. Soil-Testing Laboratory Qualifications: An independent laboratory, recognized by the
Colorado State Department of Agriculture, with the experience and capability to
conduct the testing indicated and that specializes in types of tests to be performed.
1. Soil testing shall be provided by:
a. Colorado Analytical Laboratory, 240 S. Main Street, Brighton, CO 80601,
303-659-2313;
b. CSU Soil Testing Lab, 970-491-5061;
c. Or approved equal.
2. Soil Analysis: Furnish soil analysis by a qualified soil-testing laboratory stating
percentages of organic matter; gradation of sand, silt, and clay content;; total
exchange capacity; sodium absorption ratio; deleterious material; pH; and
mineral and plant-nutrient content of topsoil.
a. The Contractor shall submit soil test results a minimum 30 days prior to
mobilizing for landscape construction.
b. Provide testing from a minimum of 4 locations or from each topsoil
stockpile or other approved representative quantity of the site, whichever
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is greater. Coordinate sampling locations with Landscape Architect and
Owner’s Representative.
c. Report suitability of plant mix and/or soil amendments required for plant
growth of specified plants of each plant-type area. Describe the
recommended quantities (pounds/square feet) of soil amendments to be
added to produce satisfactory topsoil including nitrogen, phosphorus, and
potassium nutrients, sulfur, gypsum, limestone, aluminum sulfate, organic
compost or other soil amendments for specified plants of each plant-type
area.
d. Deficient nutrients shall be corrected with the addition of appropriate
amendment materials.
C. Plants: Provide quality, size, genus, species, cultivar and variety of exterior plants
indicated, complying with applicable requirements in ANSI Z60.1, "American Standard
for Nursery Stock."
1. Measurements: Measure all plants according to ANSI Z60.1.
2. Labeling: Label each plant of each size, genus, species, cultivar and variety
with a securely attached, waterproof tag bearing legible designation of common
name and full scientific name.
D. Observation: The Landscape Architect may visit the site at intervals appropriate to the
stage of construction or the intervals stated below to become generally familiar with
the work completed, and to determine, in general, if the work observed is being
performed in accordance with the Contract Documents.
1. Landscape Architect and Owner’s Representative may observe trees and
shrubs either at place of growth or at the Project site before planting for
compliance with requirements in the Contract Documents. Landscape Architect
and Owner’s Representative retains right to observe trees and shrubs further for
size and condition of balls and root systems, pests, injuries, and latent defects
and to reject unsatisfactory or defective material at any time during progress of
work. Remove rejected trees or shrubs immediately from Project site.
a. Landscape Architect and Owner’s Representative reserves the right to tag
plants at their place of growth before they are prepared for transplanting.
Arrange visit with Landscape Architect and Owner’s Representative to
nursery or source of plant material to inspect plant material for approval
prior to delivery to site. Otherwise the Contractor shall provide
photographs as described in the SUBMITTALS and notify the Landscape
Architect and Owner’s Representative to observe plants upon delivery.
2. Notify Landscape Architect and Owner’s Representative a minimum five days in
advance of plant delivery to the Project site and other requested site visits.
E. Ordinances and Regulations: Local, municipal and state laws, and regulations
governing or relating to any portion of this work shall be incorporated into these
Specifications. The Contractor shall inform the Landscape Architect of any potential
conflicting information between the aforementioned laws and regulations and these
specifications in writing for resolution prior to commencing with work. When the
Specifications and Drawings describe materials, workmanship or construction of a
higher quality, higher standard or larger size than is required by but still compliant with
the aforementioned laws and regulations, the provisions of these Specifications and
Drawings shall take precedence.
1.7 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
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A. Plant Materials
1. Deliver only plants freshly dug or dug during the current planting season.
a. Identify each plant species and size with grower's waterproof label affixed
to the plant.
b. Provide protective covering of plants during transport.
c. Do not prune trees and shrubs before delivery.
d. Protect bark, branches, stems, trunks and root systems from sunscald,
drying, sweating, whipping, wind burn, handling, and transport, lifting,
rubbing, tying and any other damage.
e. Do not bend or bind-tie trees or shrubs in such a manner as to
compromise their natural shape.
f. Do not drop plants.
g. Reject balled plants if the ball is broken or the trunk is loose in the ball.
2. Handle planting stock by root ball or the container. Do not lift plants by the
trunk, stems, or foliage.
3. Deliver plants only after preparations for planting have been completed and
approved. Install plants immediately after the delivered plant material is
approved by the Landscape Architect and Owner’s Representative. If planting is
delayed more than six hours after delivery, temporarily store plants in an onsite
nursery. Store plants in areas appropriate to their preferred aspect of filtered
sun or shade and protect from weather and mechanical damage.
a. Set balled stock on the ground and protect ball with soil or mulch.
b. Do not remove container-grown stock from containers before time of
planting.
c. Water root systems of all plants deeply and thoroughly with a fine-mist
spray as often as necessary to maintain root systems in a moist, but not
overly wet condition.
d. Stage plants grouped by species for verification of delivery and plant
inspection.
4. Store bulbs at a temperature and location per nursery’s recommendations until
planting.
5. Deliver sod in time for planting as described in EXECUTION. Protect sod from
breakage and drying.
B. Packaged Materials: Deliver packaged materials in original, unopened containers
showing weight, certified analysis, name and address of manufacturer, and indication
of compliance with local, state and Federal laws if applicable.
C. Bulk Materials:
1. Accompany each delivery of bulk materials with appropriate certificates.
2. Do not dump or store bulk materials near structures, utilities, walkways and
pavements, or on existing turf areas or plants. Provide erosion-control
measures to prevent erosion or displacement of bulk materials; discharge of
soil-bearing water runoff; and airborne dust reaching adjacent properties, water
conveyance systems, or walkways.
1.8 COORDINATION
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A. Field Measurements: Verify and demarcate actual grade elevations, service and utility
locations, irrigation system components, locations and dimensions of plantings and
construction contiguous with new plantings by field measurements before proceeding
with plant installation. Contractor shall notify the Landscape Architect to resolve any
discrepancies.
1. Utilities:
a. Determine locations of above grade and underground utilities and perform
work in a manner which will avoid damage to the utilities. Locations of
utilities in the field may differ from the Drawings.
b. Hand excavate, as required to minimize the possibility of damage to any
underground utilities.
c. Any damage to underground piping or wiring must be corrected and
repaired by the Contractor to the satisfaction of the Owner’s
Representative.
B. Planting Restrictions: Plant during one of the following periods or as recommended for
each type of plant material specified. Coordinate planting periods with maintenance
periods to provide required maintenance from date of Substantial Completion. Plant
only after final grades have been accepted by the Owner's Representative and all
exterior work on the architecture has been completed.
1. The optimal time to plant trees is before bud break; however, planting can
occur successfully year-round with appropriate care. Late fall planting of un-
acclimated evergreens is discouraged.
2. Spring Planting: May 1 – June 31. Adjust for weather limitations, altitude and
freezing conditions.
3. Summer Planting: July 1 – August 31 may be allowable based on altitude.
4. Fall Planting: September 1 – October 31. Adjust for weather limitations, altitude
and freezing conditions.
5. Perennial Planting: In elevations above 7,000’, plant perennials between June
15 and September 15.
C. Seeding Restrictions: Seed in the Spring or Fall when the soil temperature is 50 to 80
degrees. If seeding during the active growing season is necessary, seed shall be
spread to achieve 4" of growth before the first frost.
D. Coordination with Lawns: Plant trees and shrubs after finish grades are established
and before planting lawns, unless otherwise approved by Landscape Architect and
Owner’s Representative. Protect existing and new lawn areas when planting trees and
shrubs and promptly repair damage caused by planting operations.
E. Weather Limitations: Proceed with planting only when existing and forecasted weather
conditions permit. Planting during freezing conditions or forecasted freezing
conditions is not permitted.
F. Damage to Other Improvements: All costs for repair or replacement of any damage to
other work done onsite or adjacent properties by installation of plant material shall be
the responsibility of the Contractor installing plant and other landscape material.
Existing grades, paving, vegetation and other improvements damaged during planting
shall be restored at the Contractor's expense.
G. Excavation: No planting shall occur when conditions detrimental to plant growth are
encountered, such as rubble fill, adverse drainage conditions, unsuitable soil or
obstructions.
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1.9 WARRANTY
A. General Warranty: The special warranty specified in this Article shall not deprive the
Owner of other rights the Owner may have under other provisions of the Contract
Documents and shall be in addition to, and run concurrent with, other warranties made
by the Contractor under requirements of the Contract Documents.
B. Special Warranty: The Landscape Contractor shall notify the Landscape Architect of
any concerns they have regarding the survivability of plant material specified in the
Contract Documents and/or existing or proposed soil conditions; as the Contractor
shall warranty plants as described herein. Landscape Contractor agrees to repair or
replace plantings and accessories that fail in materials, workmanship, or growth within
specified warranty period. Warrant the following exterior plants, for the warranty period
indicated, against defects including death and unsatisfactory growth, structural failures
including plantings falling or blowing over. The warranty shall not include defects
resulting from lack of adequate maintenance, neglect, or abuse by Owner, or incidents
that are beyond Contractor's control.
1. Warranty Period: One year from date of Final Acceptance for:
a. Trees, Shrubs, Vines, and Ornamental Grasses.
b. Ground Covers, Biennials, Perennials, and Other Plants.
c. Seeded Areas.
d. Turf Grass Sod.
e. Irrigation system.
2. Include the following remedial actions as a minimum:
a. Remove and replace dead plants immediately, unless required to plant in
the succeeding planting season.
b. Replace planting materials that are excessively pruned, more than 25
percent dead, or in an unhealthy or declining condition.
c. Repair irrigation system to sustain plant material.
3. Species substitutions may be permitted only if approved prior by the
Landscape Architect. The Contractor shall notify the Landscape Architect if, per
the Contractor’s local knowledge, there are any reservations concerning
survivability with any of the specified plant materials in their respective locations
as the Contractor shall warranty the plant material.
4. Provide extended warranty for period equal to original warranty period, for any
replaced plant material.
5. All plants shall be true to name and meet all conditions of these Specifications.
Any plant which is not true to name as indicated by form, leaf, flower, or fruiting
characteristics shall be replaced at the Contractor's expense.
6. Seeded areas shall be accepted on the basis of having uniform grass growth
over all the seeded areas. Acceptable uniform grass growth shall be defined as
when scattered bare spots are not greater than one square foot and or do not
exceed 5% of the seeded area.
7. Sodded areas shall be accepted on the basis of having a fully knitted mat of
turf, devoid of visible joints or gaps between each slab and devoid of bare
patches within any slab. Turf surface shall be consistent and even, without
bumps or dips except as exist in the overall contour of grade as defined by the
grading plans.
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1.10 PLANT MAINTENANCE
A. Contractor shall maintain and warranty plants for 1 year following the date of Final
Acceptance. See SUBMITTALS for Maintenance Instructions Submittal requirement.
See PART 3 EXECUTION of PLANT MAINTENANCE.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 LOCAL / REGIONAL MATERIALS
A. Preference shall be given to suppliers whose facilities are within a 500-mile radius of
the project site.
B. Preference shall also be given to materials that are harvested, extracted, mined,
quarried, etc. within a 500-mile radius of the project site.
2.2 PLANT MATERIALS
A. Furnish nursery-grown plants true to quality, size, genus, species, variety, cultivar form
and other features complying with ANSI Z60.1 and as indicated in the Contract
Documents.
B. Provide well-shaped, fully branched, healthy, vigorous stock, densely foliated when in
leaf and free of disease, pests, eggs, larvae, and defects such as knots, sun scald,
injuries, abrasions, and disfigurement.
C. Plants of a larger size may be used if acceptable to Landscape Architect and Owner’s
Representative, with a proportionate increase in size of roots or balls per ANSI Z 60.1.
Use of such plants shall not increase the cost to the Owner, unless approved by the
Owner.
D. If formal arrangements or consecutive order of plants is indicated on Drawings, select
stock for uniform height and spread to assure symmetry in planting.
E. Substitutions: No substitutions will be accepted without the prior written approval of
the Landscape Architect. See WARRANTY.
F. If any discrepancies arise between the plant schedule and the Drawings, the Drawings
shall take precedence; however, the Contractor shall notify the Landscape Architect
and Owner’s Representative immediately of any such discrepancies for the confirmed
quantity prior to procuring materials.
G. Trees with damaged, crooked, or multiple leaders; tight vertical branches where bark
is squeezed between two branches or between branch and trunk; crossing trunks; cut-
off limbs more than 3/4 inch in diameter; or with stem girdling roots are unacceptable.
H. Trees shall be single stem unless otherwise indicated on the Drawings.
I. Collected Stock: Do not use plants harvested from the wild, from native stands, from
an established landscape planting, or not grown in a nursery unless otherwise
indicated on the Drawings.
J. Balled and Burlapped (B&B) Stock Requirements: B&B plant material shall be dug with
firm natural balls or earth of sufficient diameter and depth to include most of the fibrous
roots. Tree ball shapes shall be truncated cones.
1. Root-Ball Depth: Furnish trees and shrubs with root balls measured from top of
root ball, which begins at root flare according to ANSI Z60.1. Root flare shall be
visible before planting
2. B&B plants may be rejected for failure to meet good digging practices. No
balled plant shall be placed if the ball is cracked or broken either before or
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during the planting process. Any plant that is loose in the ball shall be removed
from the site and replaced at no cost to the Owner.
K. Container Grown Stock Requirements: Provide healthy, disease-free plants of species
and variety shown or listed, with well-established root systems reaching to sides of the
container to maintain a firm ball, but not with excessive root growth encircling the
container. Provide only plants that are acclimated to outdoor and site altitude
conditions before delivery.
L. Seed mixes shall be fresh, clean, dry, new crop seed and labeled accurately to
indicate the purity (percentage of the labeled species by weight), the percentages of
other crop, weed, inert material, dormant or hard seed, and the percentage of seed
that will germinate. Seed shall be sourced from a distributor who has certified the
seed with certified seed tags and an analysis label as tested for purity and germination,
using the procedures sanctioned by the Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA).
M. Sod shall be regionally sourced and of uniform density, color, and texture, strongly
rooted, and capable of vigorous growth and development.
2.3 TOPSOIL AND PLANT MIX
A. General: The Landscape Contractor shall determine what additional topsoil and
amendments are necessary to meet the requirements of the Contract Documents and
shall provide a cost for the purchase and spreading of this additional topsoil for review
and approval by the Landscape Architect and Owner’s Representative. This cost shall
be included by the Landscape Contractor during the bidding process.
B. Topsoil in Turf and Seed Zones: ASTM D 5268, pH range of 5.5 to 7.0. Topsoil shall be
friable, fertile, dark, loamy soil, free of stones 1 inch or larger in any dimension, clean
of roots, plants, sod, clay lumps, refuse and other extraneous materials harmful to
plant growth. Refer to the manufacturer’s recommendations for preferred Topsoil
properties for the specific species of turf and seed.
1. Topsoil shall have the following physical properties, unless otherwise
recommended by the manufacturer:
a. Clay: 7-27 percent.
b. Silt: 15-35 percent.
c. Sand: less than 52 percent.
d. Organic Material: 5-12%. Organic matter shall consist of either Class I or
Class II compost.
2. Topsoil Source: Verify suitability of existing surface soil or stockpiled soil to
produce topsoil that meets the requirements of the Contract Documents and
manufacturer’s recommendations, and amend when necessary. If insufficient
quantities of topsoil exist or quality is not acceptable, replace or supplement
with imported topsoil sourced within 50 mile radius of site.
C. Plant Mix in Perennial and Shrub Zones: Plant mix shall include Topsoil as specified
above, plus an amendment of organic compost and a Mycorrhizal Application.
Compost shall be weed-free and certified by the US Composting Council (USCC).
2.4 FERTILIZER
A. Adjust application rates, ratios and fertilizer products as recommended in soil reports
from a qualified soil-testing agency and per requirements for the specified plant
species and manufacturer’s recommendations. Use fertilizer only when needed. Only
organic fertilizers will be approved. Gradual, slow release fertilizers are preferred,
especially when used in conjunction with Mycorrhizal Fungi applications.
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B. Perennial Gardens: Till in organic fertilizer at manufacturer’s recommended rate prior
to planting perennials. Top dress and till in organic fertilizer after planting, but before
mulching.
1. Rocky Mountain Bio-Products Biosol 6-1-1 Organic Fertilizer from Southwest
Soils, 970-323-6300 or http://www.rockymtnbioproducts.com.
2. El Primero Garden Organic granular fertilizer available at Rivendell Distribution
970-945-2568 or http://alphaoneinc.com.
3. Or approved equal.
C. Trees and Shrubs:
1. Rocky Mountain Bio-Products Biosol 6-1-1 Organic Fertilizer from Southwest
Soils, 970-323-6300 or http://www.rockymtnbioproducts.com.
2. Alpha One Natural Organic Lawn and Garden Fertilizer from Rivendell
Distribution and Sod Farm, 970-945-2568 or http://alphaoneinc.com.
3. Or approved equal.
D. Sod Areas:
1. Rivendell Distribution and Sod Farm, http://www.rivendellsod.com or 970-945-
2568. Recommendations may be altered if needed for site specific constraints
and/or per the Soils Analysis and Test Report.
a. Spring: Rivendell’s Own Mountain Maintenance Mix, Rivendell’s Own with
Organics and Alpha Lawn 2 Organic.
b. Summer: Rivendell’s Own with Organics, Alpha 4 Iron Organic and
AlphaOne Natural Organic.
c. Fall: Rivendell’s Own Mountain Maintenance Mix, Rivendell’s Own with
Organics and AlphaLawn Winterizer Organic
2. Review manufacturer’s recommendations for compliance.
3. Or approved equal.
E. Seeded Areas:
1. Rocky Mountain Bio-Products Biosol 6-1-1 Organic Fertilizer from Southwest
Soils, 970-323-6300 or http://www.rockymtnbioproducts.com.
2. Alpha One Natural Organic Lawn and Garden Fertilizer from Rivendell
Distribution and Sod Farm, 970-945-2568 or http://alphaoneinc.com.
3. Review manufacturer’s recommendations for compliance.
4. Or approved equal.
2.5 MULCH
A. Organic Mulch: Never-dyed, dry, clean and free from deleterious materials, mildew and
seed. Suitable as a top dressing for trees and shrubs, consisting of the following:
1. Mountain West Products Yardcare 3/8 Minus Composted Soil Pep/Mulch:
Rivendell Distribution and Sod, Inc at http://www.rivendellsod.com or 970-945-
2568.
2. Or approved equal.
B. Straw Mulch Top Dressing: Clean, wheat straw, certified free of noxious weeds and
seeds. Suitable as a top dressing for protecting seeded areas.
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1. Hydrostraw All Purpose Straw applied by hand-spreading: Heat and
Mechanically Treated, from Rivendell Distribution and Sod, Inc at
http://www.rivendellsod.com or 970-945-2568.
2. Or approved equal.
C. Straw Mulch applied hydraulically: Weed free and seed free for seed establishment
and erosion control.
1. Hydrostraw Original: Heat and Mechanically Treated containing no viable seed.
From Rivendell Distribution and Sod, Inc at http://www.rivendellsod.com or 970-
945-2568.
2. Or approved equal.
D. Penn Mulch applied by hand-spreading: Weed free and seed free for seed
establishment and erosion control.
E. Compost Mulch: Well-composted, stable, and weed-free, 100% organic matter. Peat
moss is not acceptable.
1. Pitkin County Landfill.
2. EKO Compost Mulch (Made in Colorado): Rivendell Distribution and Sod, Inc at
http://www.rivendellsod.com or 970-945-2568.
3. Cotton Burr Compost Mulch: Bookcliff Gardens at www.bookcliffgardens.com
or 970-242-7766.
4. Or approved equal.
2.6 STONE
A. Hard, durable stone, erosion resistant, washed free of loam, sand, clay, and other
foreign substances, of following type, size range, and color unless otherwise indicated.
Submit samples for Landscape Architect and Owner’s Representative approval.
1. Type: 3-4” Mexican Beach Pebble, Black or gray, all natural, smooth and matte
finish, limited color variation.
2.7 HERBICIDE
A. Bradfield Horticultural Vinegar Herbicide: All disturbed areas to receive seed shall be
sprayed with Bradfield Horticultural Vinegar Herbicide to remove any invasive plants,
and then cleared of all debris prior to seeding. Avoid spraying desirable plants. Do
NOT apply during windy conditions as drift will injure or kill contacted vegetation.
Available from Rivendell Distribution and Sod, Inc at http://www.rivendellsod.com or
970-945-2568.
B. Or approved equal.
2.8 TREE-STABILIZATION
A. Trunk-Stabilization Materials:
1. Upright and Guy Stakes: Rough-sawn, sound, non-treated wood, free of
defects, 2-by-2 inch nominal by length indicated, pointed at one end or black or
silver galvanized steel t-posts.
a. Snowfencestore.com: Silver Steel T-post, HD galv., 7', 9.74#.
b. Or approved equal.
2. Fabric Ties: Fabric bands or straps in loose contact with tree tied to guy and tie
wire.
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a. DeepRoot Green Infrastructure: AborTie Green or White,
www.deeproot.com or 800-458-7668 or Grand Junction Pipe and Supply
at 970-963-5700.
b. Or approved equal.
3. Guys and Tie Wires: ASTM A 641/A 641M, Class 1, galvanized-steel wire, two-
strand, twisted.
4. Flags: Standard surveyor's plastic flagging tape, white, 6 inches long to
demarcate wires.
5. Proprietary Staking-and-Guying Devices can be used if approved by the
Landscape Architect in writing.
a. DeepRoot Green Infrastructure: AborTie Staking and Anchoring Kits,
www.deeproot.com or 800-458-7668 or Grand Junction Pipe and Supply
at 970-963-5700.
b. Or approved equal.
2.9 LANDSCAPE AND PAVEMENT EDGING
A. Aluminum Edging:
1. Curv-rite, Mill Finish (natural aluminum), http://www.curv-rite.com or 800-366-
2878 or approved equal.
a. Types indicated on Drawings:
1) 4000 Series, Heavy Duty Paver Restraint.
2.10 MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS AND MATERIALS
A. Mycorrhizal Fungi (90% of plants benefit from Endo spores and 5% benefit from Ecto
spores, primarily pines, oaks, cottonwoods, aspen, birch, douglass fir, linden, spruce,
willow, fir an poplar benefit from Ecto spores); for more info see this list http://bio-
organics.com/specificplantstrees-endo-mycorrhizae-ecto-mycorrhizae/
1. Mycorrhizal Landscape Inoculant (for Ecto and Endo spore benefitting plants),
BioOrganics at www.bio-organics.com or 1-888-332-7676.
2. MycoApply Endo (for Endo spore benefitting plants), Rocky Mountain Bio-
Products at www.rockymtnbioproducts.com or 303-696-8964.
3. Or an approved equal.
B. Root Barrier: DeepRoot Green Infrastructure: 100% reprocessed polyethylene, black,
12 or 18 or 24 or 36 or 48 inch and Geomembrane;, http://www.deeproot.com/ or 800-
458-7668 or Grand Junction Pipe and Supply at 970-963-5700.
C. Antidesiccant: Water-insoluble emulsion, permeable moisture retarder, film forming, for
trees and shrubs when needed. Deliver in original, sealed, and fully labeled containers
and mix according to manufacturer's written instructions. If recommended, request
approval from Owner’s Representative and Landscape Architect.
D. Filter Fabric:
1. Nonwoven geotextile fabric for particle restraint, erosion control, separation
fabric for drainage.
2. Woven geotextile fabric for reinforcement and higher load capacity, not as
beneficial for drainage.
E. Trunk-Wrap Tape: Two layers of overlapping crinkled tree wrap paper installed per
manufacturer’s recommendations after leaves have fallen and removed at bud-break
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for first three years minimum. Re-apply trunk wrap that has loosened or removed due
to weather or other circumstances during this period.
1. Walter E. Clark Tree Wrap.
2. Or approved equal.
F. Wildlife Protection Fencing: Protect newly planted trees and shrubs with fencing.
1. Individually wrapped trees: 4-6’ tall 1x2 woven wire mesh fence offset
approximately 18 inches offset from the tree trunk or shrub foliage. Attach to
2x2 stakes or black t-posts, driven into subgrade as needed to support the
fencing.
2. Fenced areas for mass plantings of trees and shrubs: 8’ tall woven 1x2 wire
mesh offset approximately 18 inches from the tree trunk or shrub foliage. 4x4
wooden posts or black t-posts driven into subgrade as needed for support.
3. Organic repellants, vibrating devices, smaller mesh surrounds at tree and shrub
bases and other measures may be required deter to pests site specific pests.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 EXAMINATION
A. Examine areas to receive plants and landscaping with Contractor present, for
compliance with requirements and conditions affecting installation and performance of
the Work. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been
corrected.
B. Verify that no foreign, contaminated or deleterious material or liquid such as paint,
paint washout, concrete slurry, concrete layers or chunks, cement, plaster, oils,
gasoline, diesel fuel, paint thinner, turpentine, tar, roofing compound, or acid has been
deposited in soil within a planting area.
C. If contamination by foreign or deleterious material or liquid is present in soil within a
planting area, remove the soil and contamination and replace with new planting soil.
D. Suspend soil and planting operations during periods of excessive soil moisture until
the moisture content reaches acceptable levels to attain the required results.
E. Do not mix or place soils and soil amendments in frozen, wet or muddy conditions.
F. Uniformly moisten excessively dry soil that is not workable or dusty.
G. Coordinate with any other Contractors and trades which may be working in and
adjacent to the landscape work areas. Examine the complete set of Drawings which
show the development of the entire site and become familiar with the scope of all work
required.
3.2 PREPARATION
A. Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other facilities and turf areas
and existing plants from damage caused by planting and landscaping operations.
B. Install erosion-control measures to prevent erosion or displacement of soils and
discharge of soil-bearing water runoff or airborne dust to adjacent properties and
walkways.
C. Lay out and or stake individual tree and shrub locations and areas for perennial
plantings. Adjust locations when requested, and obtain Landscape Architect's
acceptance of layout before excavating or planting.
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D. Apply anti-desiccant to trees and shrubs using power spray to provide an adequate
film over trunks, branches, stems, twigs, and foliage to protect during digging,
handling, and transportation.
E. If deciduous trees are moved in full leaf, spray with anti-desiccant at nursery before
moving and again two weeks after planting.
F. Hand excavate, as required to minimize the possibility of damage to any underground
utilities or existing tree and shrub roots.
3.3 WEED CONTROL PREPARATION
A. In areas that have been regraded and/or have existing weed growth, weed control
measures appropriate to the amount of growth and/or species shall be provided.
Submit weed control plan to Owner's Representative for approval before beginning
work.
B. Comply with local regulations for weed management requirements.
C. Clear and grub and spray individual weeds or if appropriate entire area of weeds with
organic herbicide. Do not proceed with work until weeds have been controlled.
Maintain weed management program throughout construction process.
3.4 SOIL PREPARATION AND FINISH GRADING
A. Scarify undisturbed subgrade in all areas to be planted to a minimum depth of 4-8
inches prior to placing top soil and soil amendments. Remove stones larger than 1
inch in any dimension and sticks, roots, rubbish, and other extraneous matter and
legally dispose of them off the Owner’s property
1. Loosen subgrade of perennial planting beds to a minimum depth of 16 inches.
B. Do not spread if planting soil or subgrade is frozen, muddy, or excessively wet.
C. Spread a minimum of 6 inches of topsoil, apply soil amendments and fertilizer on
surface, and thoroughly blend planting soil mix. Delay mixing fertilizer with planting soil
if planting will not proceed within a few days.
1. Spread planting soil mix in perennial beds to a depth of 16 inches but not less
than required to meet finish grades after natural settlement.
D. Seeded areas: The soil shall be textured parallel to the contours to create an
adequately roughened surface to accept the seed.
E. Soil Amendments and fertilizer: Comply with Soils Analysis and Test Report and per
manufacturer’s recommendations, and if not in conflict, provide the following:
1. Seeded and Sod Areas:
a. Fertilizer per manufacturer’s recommendations; See PRODUCTS.
b. Mycorrhizal Fungi per manufacturer’s recommendations; See
PRODUCTS.
2. Shrub and Perennial Beds
a. Fertilizer per manufacturer’s recommendations; See PRODUCTS.
b. Mycorrhizal Fungi per manufacturer’s recommendations; See
PRODUCTS.
c. Compost: Blend 1 part compost with 2-3 parts topsoil to a 16 inch depth
in all planting beds and excavated pits. See PRODUCTS.
F. Provide positive surface drainage, with no depressions, settling, or irregularities in the
finished grade.
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G. Finish grade all disturbed areas to a smooth, well-matched, uniform surface plane with
loose, uniformly fine texture. Roll and rake, remove ridges, and fill depressions to
meet finish and existing grades.
1. At any transitional point or line where one plane intersects another, such as
from a sloping area or berm to a level area, a smooth and gentle transition shall
be made. There shall be no abrupt changes in grade unless specifically noted
otherwise. Match the grades of new work with existing grades.
H. Restore planting beds if eroded or otherwise disturbed after finish grading and before
planting.
I. When planting in established landscapes where soil preparation has been completed,
examine excavated soil from the planting hole to assess its quality. Remove debris
from excavated soil before thoroughly incorporating any amendments. When
encountering an acceptable amount of organic material in the top layer (from
decomposed turf roots, mulch, leaves, etc.), amendments may not be necessary.
J. New landscapes and/or soils with low amounts of organic material in the top layer of
the soil may require a thoroughly mixed organic amendment, around 10% by volume
of backfill; refer to the Soils Analysis and Test Report. Create a transition zone from the
rootball of nursery soil to the unaltered native soil outside the planting hole. For sandy
soil, add 10% to 20% by volume of organic material.
K. Western native plants and other plants adapted to lower water conditions generally do
not do well in a soil that is rich in organic material due to increased water holding
capacity. Loosen compacted soil and grade for drainage away from the plant’s root
zone and void organic amendments to plants adapted to lower water conditions.
3.5 EXCAVATION FOR TREES AND SHRUBS
A. Planting Pits: Excavate circular planting pits approximately two to three times as wide
as ball diameter for Balled and Burlapped and Container-grown stock. Excavate with
sides sloping inward at a 45-degree angle. Excavations with vertical sides are
unacceptable. Scarify sides of planting pit.
1. Stake locations of every tree and shrub for review and approval by Landscape
Architect and Owner’s Representative prior to beginning work.
2. Balled and Burlapped Trees and Shrubs: The depth of the plant pit shall be 2
inches less than the depth of the ball (to the crown of the root flare) in well
drained soils and 4 inches less than the ball depth in poorly drained soils and
flush when the tree species prefers a consistently moist soil profile.
a. In clay or clay loam soils, the root flare should be 2” to 4” above the
adjacent grade.
b. In sandy soils, the root flare should be 1” to 3” above the adjacent grade.
c. In the absence of an obvious root flare, structural roots can be found by
carefully probing the root ball with an instrument such as a surveyor pin or
screwdriver. Systematically probe the root ball 3-4” out from the trunk to
locate structural roots and determine their depth. On some species it may
be more difficult to locate the structural root(s). Careful removal of the soil
immediately surrounding the trunk of the tree at the top of the root ball is
another method that can be used to determine the location of the first
structural root(s).
d. Planting at the higher end of the suggested planting depth is
recommended if you cannot find a visible root flare then use the structural
root depth as defined above.
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3. On slopes 3:1 or steeper, the planting pit may be 2 times the root ball width,
instead of 3 times the root ball width.
4. Container-Grown Stock: The depth of all plant pits shall be 1/2 to 1 inch less
than depth of ball and flush when stock prefers a consistently moist soil profile.
5. Where drain tile is shown or required under planted areas, excavate to top of
porous backfill over tile.
6. Trim perimeter of the pit bottom leaving center area of bottom raised slightly to
support root ball and assist in drainage away from center. Do not further
disturb the subgrade. Ensure that root ball will sit on undisturbed base soil to
prevent settling.
7. If the area under the plant was over-excavated, add soil to raise it to the correct
level and thoroughly tamp the added soil in lifts to prevent settling.
8. Maintain angles of repose of adjacent materials to ensure stability. Do not
excavate subgrades of adjacent paving, structures, hardscapes, or other new
or existing improvements.
9. Backfill Soil: Subsoil and topsoil removed from excavations may be used as
backfill soil if the Soils Testing and Analysis permits.
10. Maintain supervision of excavations during working hours. Keep excavations
marked, covered and protected when not working.
11. Obstructions: Notify Landscape Architect and Owner's Representative if
unexpected rock or obstructions detrimental to trees or shrubs are encountered
in excavations.
12. Drainage: Notify Landscape Architect and Owner's Representative if subsoil
conditions evidence water seepage or retention in tree or shrub pits.
a. Fill the pit with water and allow it to completely drain before planting
occurs.
b. If water does not drain out of pit within 24 hours, notify Landscape
Architect and Owner's Representative.
c. For tree installations to be completed in the spring, dig test pits prior to
receiving delivery of plant material. If perched water is encountered,
planting schedule may be modified in coordination with Owner's
Representative and Landscape Architect.
3.6 TREE, SHRUB, AND PERENNIAL PLANTING
A. Layout plants as identified in the Drawings. Stake locations of every tree, shrub and
perennial or lay out plant materials for review and approval by Landscape Architect
and Owner’s Representative prior to planting.
B. Orient the PLANTS in the same solar orientation as their origin.
C. At time of planting, verify that root flare is visible at top of root ball according to
ANSI Z60.1. If root flare is not visible, remove soil in a level manner from the root ball
to where the top-most root emerges from the trunk. After soil removal to expose the
root flare, verify that root ball still meets size requirements.
D. Roots: Remove stem girdling roots and kinked roots. Unwind all circling roots.
Remove injured roots by cutting cleanly; do not break.
E. Backfill: Use native or planting soil as recommended for each specific species and as
described in the approved Soils Test and Analysis.
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F. Balled and Burlapped Stock (B&B): Set each plant plumb and in center of planting pit
or trench with root flare above adjacent finish grade as described in EXCAVATION FOR
TREES AND SHRUBS. Orient the plant in the same solar direction as its origin.
1. After placing some Backfill around root ball to stabilize plant, carefully cut and
remove burlap, rope, and wire baskets from tops of root balls and from sides,
but do not remove from under root balls. Remove pallets, if any, before setting.
Do not use planting stock if root ball is cracked or broken before or during
planting operation.
2. Backfill around root ball in layers, tamping to settle soil and eliminate voids and
air pockets. When planting pit is approximately one-half filled, water thoroughly
before placing remainder of backfill. Repeat watering until no more water is
absorbed. Complete backfilling process.
3. Dish and tamp top of backfill to form a 1 to 3 inch high mound around the rim of
the planting pits. Do not cover top of root ball with backfill.
4. Water again after placing and tamping final layer of soil.
G. Container-Grown Stock: Set each plant plumb and in center of planting pit or trench
with root flare above adjacent finish grade as described in EXCAVATION FOR TREES
AND SHRUBS.
1. Carefully remove root ball from container without damaging root ball or plant.
Backfill around root ball in layers, tamping to settle soil and eliminate voids and
air pockets. When planting pit is approximately one-half filled, water thoroughly
before placing remainder of backfill. Repeat watering until no more water is
absorbed. Complete backfilling process.
2. Work soil around the roots to eliminate air pockets and form a slight saucer
around the plants to hold water.
3. Water again after placing and tamping final layer of soil. Take care not to cover
the plant crowns with wet soil.
H. Wildlife Protection: Provide protection for all trees, shrubs and perennials immediately
after planting in areas susceptible to wildlife browsing. Maintain protection from
October to April, until plants are well-established.
I. Tree Trunk Wrapping:
1. Wrap the following trees with breathable trunk-wrap tape:
a. All deciduous thin barked trees planted in full sun and on west or south
exposures. Tree wrapping may not be necessary for Aspen, Willow,
Cottonwood, and Poplars.
2. Inspect tree trunks for injury, improper pruning, and insect infestation and take
corrective measures required before wrapping. Start at base of trunk and spiral
cover trunk to height of first branches. Overlap wrap, exposing half the width,
and securely attach without causing girdling.
3. Wrapping Periods:
a. Trees shall be wrapped after leaves fall.
b. No tree shall be wrapped after bud break.
c. Contractor shall be responsible for wrapping and unwrapping trees during
the warranty period.
d. Owner shall wrap trees until rough adult bark appears; usually the first 3-7
years after planting.
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3.7 TREE STABILIZATION
A. Stake trees only as required to prevent wind tip out and in sandy or wet clay
conditions. Remove after one-year.
B. Trunk Stabilization by Upright Staking and Tying shall be applied to deciduous trees 3
inch caliper or less as follows, unless otherwise indicated:
1. Use a minimum of two stakes, placed opposite, at a length required to
penetrate at least 18 inches below bottom of backfilled excavation and to
extend to one-third of trunk height above grade. Set vertical stakes and space
to avoid penetrating root balls or root masses.
2. Support trees with bands of flexible ties at contact points with tree trunk. Allow
enough slack to avoid rigid restraint of tree.
3. Attach warning flags to each wire.
C. Trunk Stabilization by At-Grade Staking and Guying shall be applied to deciduous
trees greater than 3 inch caliper and all evergreen trees as follows, unless otherwise
indicated:
1. Site-Fabricated, Staking-and-Guying Method: Install three guys spaced equally
around tree.
a. Securely attach guys to stakes 30 inches long, driven to grade. Adjust
spacing to avoid penetrating root balls or root masses. Provide a
turnbuckle or compression spring for each guy wire and tighten securely.
b. For trees more than 6 inches in caliper, anchor guys to wood deadmen
buried at least 36 inches below grade to undisturbed subgrade. Provide a
turnbuckle or compression spring for each guy wire and tighten securely.
c. Support trees with bands of flexible ties at contact points with tree trunk
and reaching to the turnbuckle or compression spring. Allow enough
slack to avoid rigid restraint of tree.
d. Attach warning flags to each guy wire, 30 inches above finish grade.
e. Paint turnbuckles or compression springs with luminescent white paint.
2. Proprietary Staking and Guying Device: Install staking and guying system sized
and positioned as recommended by manufacturer unless otherwise indicated,
and according to manufacturer's written instructions.
D. Root-Ball Stabilization: Install at or below-grade stabilization system to secure each
new planting by the root ball unless otherwise indicated.
1. Wood Hold-Down Method: Place vertical stakes against side of root ball and
drive them into subsoil; place horizontal wood hold-down stake across top of
root ball and screw at each end to one of the vertical stakes.
a. Install four stakes, opposite, at a length required to penetrate at least
below bottom of backfilled excavation. Saw stakes off at finish grade.
2. Proprietary Root-Ball Stabilization Device: Install root-ball stabilization system
sized and positioned as recommended by manufacturer.
3.8 TREE, SHRUB, AND PLANT PRUNING
A. Prune, thin, and shape trees, shrubs, and vines according to standard professional
horticultural and arboricultural practices and as directed by Landscape Architect. Do
not cut tree leaders.
B. Remove only dead, dying, or broken branches. Do not prune for shape.
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C. Do not apply pruning paint to wounds.
3.9 EDGING INSTALLATION
A. Aluminum Edging: Install aluminum edging where indicated according to
manufacturer's written instructions.
3.10 ROOT-BARRIER INSTALLATION
A. Install root barrier where trees are planted within 72 inches of paving or other
hardscape elements, such as walls, curbs, and walkways; as measured from the trunk.
1. Install root barrier on center of the trunk for a minimum run or 12 linear feet per
tree. If trees are spaced closer, use a single continuous piece of root barrier.
2. Position top of root barrier below finish grade, per manufacturer’s
recommendations.
3.11 GROUND COVER PLANTING
A. Set out and space ground cover and plants as indicated on Drawings for Landscape
Architect and Owner’s Representative approval prior to planting.
B. Use planting soil per approved Soils Testing and Analysis.
C. Dig holes large enough to allow spreading of roots.
D. For rooted cutting plants supplied in flats, plant each in a manner that minimally
disturbs the root system but to a depth not less than two nodes.
E. Work soil around roots to eliminate air pockets and leave a slight saucer indentation
around plants to hold water.
F. Water thoroughly after planting, taking care not to cover plant crowns with wet soil.
3.12 PLANTING AREA MULCHING
A. Organic Mulch for Trees and Shrubs in Turf Areas: Apply mulch ring of 4 inch average
thickness, with 36-48 inch radius around trunks or stems. Do not place mulch within 6
inches of trunks or stems.
B. Organic Mulch in Tree and Shrub Planting Areas: Apply 4 inch average thickness of
organic mulch in all perennial beds. Do not place mulch within 6 inches of trunks and
stems.
C. Organic Compost Mulch in Perennial Planting Areas: Apply 2 inch average thickness of
organic mulch in all perennial beds. Do not place mulch within 4 inches of stems.
D. Finish mulch level with adjacent finish grades unless otherwise indicated.
3.13 PLACING SOIL IN PLANT CONTAINERS
A. Stub in drip-irrigation, as appropriate, through the bottom of the plant container.
B. Insulate container walls with rigid insulation board.
C. Place a layer of drainage gravel at least 4 inches thick in bottom of planter. Cover
bottom with filter fabric and wrap filter fabric 6 inches up on all sides. Duct tape along
the entire top edge of the filter fabric, to secure the filter fabric against the sides during
the soil-filling process.
D. Fill planter with planting soil. Place soil in lightly compacted layers to an elevation of 1-
1/2 inches below top of planter, allowing natural settlement.
3.14 SEEDING
A. Seed the site within 24 hours of the approved finish grading and topsoil. During
periods when seeding cannot be accomplished, soils should be protected from
erosion and weeds.
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B. To support germination of the species, seed cool season plants in early spring or late
fall and warm season species in late spring to early summer. Never seed when the
ground is frozen.
C. Seeding via drop-spreader or broadcast spreader shall be used in areas of one acre or
less per seed mix, unless another method is recommended by the Contractor and
approved by the Owner’s Representative and Landscape Architect.
D. Do not use wet seed or seed that is moldy or otherwise damaged in transit or storage.
Deliver seed to job site in the original unopened containers and submit the certified
labels to the Landscape Architect.
E. Do not seed when wind velocity exceeds 5 mph, when the ground is frozen or
otherwise unable to be worked. Do not seed against existing trees. Limit extent of
seed to outside edge of planting saucer.
F. Seed shall be uniformly sown by broadcasting at maximum seeding rates
recommended by the manufacturer for broadcast seeding. The seeding shall be done
in two (2) separate applications crossing the area at right angles to one another to
provide even coverage.
G. Broadcast seeding shall be immediately raked lightly into the soil to a depth of
approximately one-quarter inch (1/4") and then watered with fine spray.
H. Water newly seeded areas and maintain adequate moisture until established. Do not
soak. Gradually train seedlings to chase longer, less frequent waters to encourage
deeper roots.
I. Protection of seeded areas immediately from disturbance: Provide barriers as required
to prevent pedestrian or vehicular traffic over newly seeded areas until completion and
acceptance of the work.
J. Fertilizers should be added only to the extent necessary. Native grasses are adapted
to soils with low nutrient content and often require minimal fertilization to do well. If
sufficient topsoil is stockpiled and redistributed, it will often retain adequate amounts of
nutrients and microbes for good seed germination and establishment of native range
grasses.
K. At the end of the first growing season, all seeded areas shall be maintained and
reseeded until establishment is satisfactory. Satisfactory uniform grass growth shall be
defined as when scattered bare spots are not greater than one square foot and or do
not exceed 5% of the seeded area. Adequate germination shall equate to
approximately 25 seedlings per square foot.
3.15 SODDING
A. Apply pre-plant fertilizer and install per the sod manufacturer’s recommendations.
B. Lay sod within 24 hours of harvesting and immediately upon delivery. Do not lay sod if
dormant or if ground is frozen or muddy.
C. Lay sod orthogonally along the longest straight line, such as a driveway or sidewalk.
D. Form a solid mass with tightly fitted joints and butt ends and sides of sod without
stretching or overlapping. Stagger sod strips or pads to offset joints in adjacent
courses, like a running bond paving pattern. Avoid leaving small strips at the outer
edge as they will not retain moisture well. Protect exposed edges with dirt or edging
when complete.
E. Avoid damage to subgrade or sod during installation. Tamp and roll lightly to ensure
soil or fine sand into minor cracks between pieces of sod; remove excess to avoid
smothering sod and adjacent grass.
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F. Lay sod across angle of slopes exceeding 4:1.
G. Saturate sod with fine water spray of at least 1 inch of water within 1/2 hour of
installation.
H. Water twice daily or more often with hot, windy conditions, keeping sod moist to a
minimum depth of 1-1/2 inches below sod, until it is firmly rooted; approximately two
weeks. Then begin less frequent and deeper watering.
3.16 PLANT MAINTENANCE
A. Begin Maintenance immediately after planting.
B. Initial Maintenance Service: Contractor shall provide full maintenance by skilled
employees of Landscape Contractor/Installer immediately after planted and continue
until plantings are established but not for less than one growing season from the date
of Final Acceptance.
C. Maintain plantings by pruning, cultivating, watering, weeding, fertilizing, mulching,
restoring planting saucers, adjusting and repairing tree-stabilization devices, resetting
to proper grades or vertical position, and performing other operations as required to
establish healthy, viable plantings.
D. Fill in, as necessary, soil subsidence that may occur because of settling or other
processes. Replace mulch materials damaged or lost in areas of subsidence.
E. Apply treatments as required to keep plant materials, planted areas, and soils free of
pests and pathogens or disease. Use integrated and humane pest management
practices when possible to minimize use of pesticides and reduce hazards.
F. Sod Watering: Once the sod is well established (approximately 2 months) allow it to
root deeper by watering it deeply, only when needed. A turquoise color will signal the
first stage of drought stress and correct timing to soak the lawn. Deeply rooted sod
will require less watering needs and provide a healthier lawn. Eventually rotate zones
on a 3-5 day cycle at approximately 1-1/2 inch of water per week, applied in the early
morning. During the hottest parts of summer, consider a brief rotation of 2-5 minutes
in the early afternoon to reduce heat stress.
G. Sod Mowing: Mow sod one week after installation. The first few mowings should be
diagonal to the way the sod was laid. Do not cut more than one-third of the plant
blade at a time ever, as the grass will go into shock. Always keep mower blades
sharp. Dull blades chew off grass, rather than slicing cleanly, and the ragged edges
will brown or yellow, making the grass vulnerable to problems. Continue to mow turf
grass as needed to ensure grass does not exceed 4 inches in height, average height
of 3 inches preferred. Do not mow when grass is wet. Do not delay mowing until grass
blades bend over and become matted. Final mowing of the season should be closer
to 2 inches.
H. Sod Fertilization: Fertilize per the manufacturer’s recommendations.
I. Sod Aeration in the Spring or Fall per the manufacturer’s recommendations.
J. Seeded Areas: Allow grass seed heads to dry before cutting down or mowing. Do not
mow to less than 6 inches in height and allow seed to disperse. Overseed bare spots
to minimize weed growth in spring or fall.
K. During prolonged dry periods in fall and winter (October-March) all species may need
watering one to two times per month. Evergreens are highly susceptible to winter
desiccation injuries. Watering should occur when temperatures are above 40 degrees
and no snow cover exists. Winter watering should ensure consistent soil moisture to a
depth of 12 inches throughout the root zone.
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L. Continuing Maintenance Proposal: From Installer to Owner, in the form of a standard
2-year maintenance agreement, starting on date initial maintenance service is
concluded. Describe services, obligations, conditions and terms for the agreement
period and future renewal options.
3.17 CLEANUP AND PROTECTION
A. Keep pavements clean and work area in an orderly condition.
B. During planting, keep adjacent paving and construction clean and work area in an
orderly condition. Clean wheels of vehicles before leaving site to avoid tracking soil
onto roads, walks, or other paved areas.
C. Remove surplus soil and waste material including excess subsoil, unsuitable soil,
trash, and debris and legally dispose of them off Owner's property.
D. Protect plants, architecture and other site features from damage due to landscape
operations and operations of other contractors and trades. Maintain protection during
installation and maintenance periods. Treat, repair, or replace damaged plantings.
E. After installation and before Substantial Completion, clean all paved areas, remove
construction equipment, nursery tags, nursery stakes, tie tape, labels, wire, burlap, and
other debris from plant material, planting areas, and Project site. Remove non-
degradable erosion-control measures after establishment period.
F. At time of Substantial Completion, verify that tree-watering devices and irrigation
systems are in good working order and leave them in place. Replace improperly
functioning devices.
3.18 SUBSTANTIAL COMPLETION
A. Inspection: Submit a written request for inspection to the Owner’s Representative and
Landscape Architect to determine Substantial Completion a minimum of 7 days prior
to date the work will be completed and ready for final inspection.
B. Contractor's Punch List: Owner’s Representative and Landscape Architect will prepare
and submit a list of items to be completed and corrected.
C. Schedule of Maintenance Material and Warranty Items: Contractor shall prepare and
submit schedule of maintenance material submittal items and all warranty documents
in an orderly binder.
D. Final Acceptance: Once the above items are considered satisfactory by the Owner’s
Representative, the project will be deemed complete in writing indicating the date of
Final Acceptance by the Owner.
END OF SECTION 329300
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