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HomeMy WebLinkAboutresolution.council.055-93 ~.".I. . '~ ' ,,~- ." \) '\ ~"'. . Ii!!, ....-> RESOLUTION NO. 51;) (Series of 1993) A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF ASPEN, COLORADO, AUTHORIZING THE CITY MANAGER TO SUBMIT TO THE STATE OF COLORADO AIR QUALITY CONTROL COMMISSION PROPOSED ADDITIONAL AND CONTINGENCY CONTROL STRATEGY REGULATIONS FOR INCLUSION IN THE STATE PMIO IMPLEMENTATION PLAN. WHEREAS, the City of Aspen is a destination resort community which attracts tourists throughout the year in part because of its unique high mountain panoramic scenery, clean air, and healthful environment; and WHEREAS, the City of Aspen was formally designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as a "moderate nonattainment area" pursuant to the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 as its air quality is projected to exceed National Ambient Air Quality Standards for particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 microns or less (PMIO); and WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Aspen has determined that air quality is an important component of the health, safety and welfare of the citizens and community of the City of Aspen and that the air quality in and around the City of Aspen is threatened by various pollutants, including PMIO particulates; and WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Aspen has determined that PMIO particulates threaten the public health in that said particulates are so small that they lodge in persons' lungs and inhibit the body's pulmonary function. Such pollutants are particularly damaging to persons with lung disease, cardiovascular disease, and chronic upper respiratory conditions, to the very young and elderly, and to pregnant women; and WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Aspen has determined that it has a duty to protect and improve the air quality in and around the City of Aspen for the health, safety and .\" . "',,-. 'I.. m.1 ~ I~' It. 'Z\." general welfare of the city and for the aesthetic and economic well being of the city as a resort community; and WHEREAS, there is a substantial governmental interest in promoting the aesthetic and environmental quality of life in both residential and commercial areas of the City of Aspen by ensuring that the air quality of the City of Aspen meets or exceeds National Ambient Air Quality Standards; and WHEREAS, the City of Aspen has submitted to the Colorado Air Quality Control Commission control strategy regulations which have been adopted and incorporated in the State Implementation Plan; and WHEREAS, the State Implementation Plan requires additional research to determine the precise nature and source of PMlO in the Aspen/Pitkin County Non-Attainment Area and the adoption of additional control strategies if warranted by that research; and WHEREAS, the Colorado Air Quality Control Commision has completed the research it was required to perform and that research has concluded that additional control strategies are required; and WHEREAS, the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 require that State Implementation Plans for the control of PMlO include contingency measures which will automatically take effect in 1995 if the State Implementation Plan is not able to control air quality degradation by December 31, 1994; and 2 ~.\.. \~, ~., l\.1 ~ if.... .\'J{. ~ \~ 'Il.... WHEREAS, staff of the Aspen/Pitkin County Environmental Health Department have submitted to the City Council a set of proposed additional control strategy regulations, a true and accurate copy of which are attached hereto as Exhibit "A", and a set of proposed contingency control measures, a true and accurate copy of which are attached hereto as Exhibit "B"; and . WHEREAS, the City Council has determined that implementation of the additional control strategies and contingency control strategies proposed by the Aspen/Pitkin County Environmental Health Department would comply with the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF ASPEN, COLORADO, THAT: The City Council of the City of Aspen hereby approves the additional control strategies and contingency control strategy regulations, a copy of which are annexed hereto and incorporated herein, and does hereby authorize the City Manager of the City of Aspen to submit same to the State of Colorado Air Quality Control Commission for inclusion in the State PMlO Implementation Plan. Dated: 1A1" 9 , 1993. f :>. (7~~ John S. Bennett, Mayor 3 r.!i '\<~ ..'.'.... 1,Ii: ~A ~ \ ''''- 'I.. ''j): v' ~ \1z..._ I, Kathryn S. Koch, duly appointed and acting City Clerk do certify that the foregoing is a true and accurate copy of that resolution adopted by the City Council of the City of Aspen, Colorado, at a meeting held q ~ EPA2.rcs , 1993. ~~iVv> a~ I_~ KathrynS. ~ch, City Clerk ~ 4 ~.\ ~<. II. ,<.. AfI/JP. c~~;{ A ADDITIONAL AND REVISED CONTROL STRATEGY REGULATIONS FOR ASPEN/PITKIN COUNTY PM10 NONATTAINMENT AREA 1. Park-n-ride lots 400 Additional Park 'n Ride lot spaces will be provided between Glenwood Springs and Aspen. These spaces will be free and available for use of both carpoolers and RFTA bus riders. 2. Intercept lot An intercept lot will be constructed and operated in the Airport/Buttermilk and/or Brush Creek Road areas. 3. Shuttles between the Buttermilk intercept lot and Aspen. RFTA will provide frequent shuttle service between the intercept lot and Aspen. 4. Bus-priority lanes on Main st. during peak congestion periods During peak morning congestion periods, a bus-priority lane will be provided coming into town from 7th st. to the commercial core. During peak evening congestion periods, a bus-priority lane will be provided leaving town from the commercial core to 7th st. 5. Paving of bus pullouts and shoulders Prior to December 10, 1993, three bus pullouts within the nonattainment area will be paved. Beginning in December 10, 1993 any unpaved bus pullouts will be treated with MgClz at least once a year. The unpaved shoulder at the Aspen Airport Business Center turnoff will be converted to a paved lane. 6. Sweeping of five locations in the County The County will sweep five locations in the nonattainment area which are heavily sanded and have high traffic counts at a minimum frequency of every two weeks. The locations include the Maroon Creek and Highway 82 intersection, the Castle Creek and Hospital road intersection, the Maroon Creek and lower High School Road intersection, the Maroon Creek and Upper High School Road intersection, and Maroon Creek Road at the 90- degree turn by the track. 7. Event Strategy Program During the 10-day period prior to and including President's weekend (the only time exceedances have been recorded in et ~~. ~'" ~. ~ ~.11..... ~ 1 ~\ Aspen), additional bus service will be provided, sweeping will be maximized, and snow will not be removed from Main st. if removing it would exacerbate PM19 problems and if it can be left on the street without creat1ng safety problems. The revised wording of the paid parking control measure will be as follows. 5. Commercial Core Paid Parking, Commuter Day Pass Parking, and Resident Only Permit Parking in Outlying Areas within an area bounded by Main st., Spring st., Durant Ave., and Monarch st., the city of Aspen shall permit all passenger vehicles to park only upon the payment of a one dollar ($1.00) per hour parking fee. In an area bounded by Aspen Mountain, Fourth st., Hallam st., Second st., Francis st., the bluff south of the Post Office, Spring st., the Roaring fork River, Aspen Mountain and Durant, and Dean st., the City of Aspen shall permit parking for those who have resident permits, and for commuters who have purchased a $3.00- $6.00 all day parking pass. e:. ~, " . '.'."... @ \~ I '''i"--,, k#o. ct, 1M en t- 13 CONTINGENCY CONTROL MEASURES FOR ASPEN/PITKIN COUNTY PM,o NONATTAINMENT AREA 1. Additional Park 'n Ride Lots 1,000 additional park 'n ride spaces will be provided between Glenwood Springs and Aspen. 2. Paving of Additional Bus Pullouts Three more bus pullouts will be paved in .the nonattainment area. The unpaved shoulder at the Owl Creek Road turnoff will be converted to a paved lane. 3. Commitment to use less sand The City of Aspen, Pitkin County, and CDOT will use a maximum of 20% less sand each year than was used in the base year of 1990. .,,~ l,:;~t./;dl0;~J"I-~\~~jf(~:,~,i~~::.. _): :./~1;~;t{~f~~Vil~r.~~~. '~:':<\1'""';'Jr,i~!iJ,:..h~h ""l'ie1<?,{ ",c;"""'" 1.1,' .;. ~,~~\\l',,);;,~ :\,""'""'1''''' .','~.' "',' ' "'.c,',,":,', ''''''.r~'', _:',"'ll" .i.";:'j~.;-~:~~.J.,; "."~~'11";- !jl 't.. . " J_":~~t -1)l~h~.t,. -I, W',.I,!~ iI, -,....~i'...\~.. ' . """i)::~,:..:,: -""'.\"',bt .~_,,""_.' , . "01,-<''''''' ".'i,,'.' .(._ "'":~ " . :.~.' '.,- ~ i ~ GATEWAY TO THE WET ..I.. .:1"'-\':) \ OJ, ,qCl ~ ~~~=~ i& : Soot +: Denver 'post Staff and Wire Reports WASHINGTON - Several studies have concluded that tens of thousands of deaths are caused in the United States each year by a form of air pollution that for the most part falls within current legal limits: tiny particles of soot that are inhaled. Rough calculations emerging from stud- ies at the Environmental Protection Agen- cy and the Harvard School of Public Health suggest that 50,000 to 60,000 deaths a year are caused by the particle pollu- tion, a far larger number than any other The deaths occur mostly among chil- dren with respiratory problems, people of all ages with asthma, and the elderly with illnesses like bronchitis, emphysema and form of pollution and one that rivals tbe death toll from some cancers. The new findings, disclosed gradually over the last 2ljz years, will require envi- ronmental scientists and industries to re. evaluate their approaches to air pollution, and will prohably require the federal gov- pneumonia. Last winter, Denver's air exceeded the federal standard for soot particles on four occasions. ernment to rewrite for cle pollution. The federal government's current stan- dard doesn't consider air hazardous until it reaches 150 micrograms of such parti- cles per cubic meter. Last winter, Denver's air exceeded that standard on four occasions. A average of 174 micrograms per cubic meter on Dec. 7 was the first violation of the standard in Denver in more than three years'. Please see SOOT on 6A may be ~j)~~ killer s standard po__utant parti. Voice of the Rocky Mountain Empire "~i~ ....., 'i'it '<;' "'liI!I "'liI!I Rockies Edition / 35' centsih' DesighatedAreas 1~vnKrU~1 25 cents ~ t\"c..\L. \Dj\..'11 ~ . '. 8::IEW<E HE.% of the week Dust to Dust: A Particularly Lethal Legacy e< Particulates-dust-sizedairpollutants, Pope, an environmental economist at ch<:mge in exposure - in five U.S, cities %;~.... including sool and sulfates- inflict much Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah. with vastly different sizes, climates and more harm than previously thought, ac- Schwartz "is to my knowledge the first to mixes of air pollutants - argues "very cording to a series of new studies. By have applied them to mortality and air convincingly, both epidemiologically and correlating daily weather, air pollutants pollution data," Pope says, "and he did an statistically," that the observed correla- and mortality in five U.S. cities, a federal excellent job:' tions' are real, Schwartz asserts. scientist has discovered that nonacciden- In 1987, EPA switched from requiring His Philadelphia data also indicate that tal death rates tend to rise and fall in near the measurement of all particles sus- people who appeared to succumb to the lockstep with daily levels of particulates pended in the air to assaying only the particulates tended to be elderly and - but not with other pollutants. respirable fraction - particles with a already quite sick, usuatly with respira- Because the correlation held up even diameter of 10 microns or less. Schwartz tory disease. For every 100 micrograms of for very low dust levels - in one city, to identified two cities that had compiled particulates per cubic meter of air, just 23 percent of the federal limit on daily logs of these "PM10" data for roughly Schwartz fouild that the risk of dying particulates - these analyses suggest a year: St. Louis and Kingston, Tenn. He increased by 32 percent [rom emphy- that as many as 60,000 U.S. residents per also correlated the type of daily "visibil- serna, 19 percent from other chronic year may die from breathing particulates ity" data compiled by airports with ev- obstructive lung diseases (such as bron- at or below legally allowed levels, says ery-sixth-day particulate data for Detroit. chitis and asthma), 12 percent from pneu- epidemiologist Joel Schwartz of the EPA producing a computed estimate of De- monia and about 9 percent from cardio- in Washington, D.C. troit's daily particulate levels. vascular disease. Previous studies had Confirmation of the new findings by In analyzing the data for these three linked increases in airborne particulates other researchers would make airborne cities, Schwartz found exactly the same with children's respiratory symptoms particulate levels the largest known "in- trend identified in London, Steubenville and hospital admissions for. bronchitis voluntary environmental insult" to which and Philadelphia. Daily particulate potlu. and asthma (SN: 5/6/89, p.277). Americans are exposed and would tion correlated with mortality rates, The new findings also suggest that strengthen the case for tightening while sulfur dioxide-a gaseous pollutant particulates are more toxic than smog the federal particulate standard, says long suspected of affecting mortality - ozone, says Bart D. Ostra, chief of air Schwartz, who described his analyses showed no effect. Moreover, the magni- pollution epidemiology at California's De- last week in Arlington, Va., at the annual tude of the particulates' effect on mortal- partment of Health Services in Berkeley. meeting of the Society for Occupational ity proved nearly identical in each U.S. But exactly how. particulates might and Environmental Health. city: a roughly 6 percent increase in contribute to mortality remains un- "I've never thought that (airborne] par- deaths for every 100 micrograms of total known. "I have no idea what the mecha- ticles were terribly important by them- particulates (or roughly 50 micrograms nism is," says Bates, achest physician and selves - at least not at these levels," says of PM1o) per cubic meter of air. air pollution epidemiologist. "Nor has David V. Bates of the University of British Such a uniform impact per given anyone else." - J Raloff Columbia in Vancouver. But Schwartz's analyses have won him over. Bates says the new studies represent a "tour de force" - one "with tremendous power," Early last year, Schwartz and Atlan H. Marcus of Battelle Memorial Labora- tories in Research Triangle Park, N.C., published data on 14 London winters, showing a "likely causal" relQ.tionship between daily mortality and daily eleva- tions in so-called "British smoke" - a roughly quantifiable gauge of airborne particulates. They focused on London because the city measures its particulate levels daily. Nearly all U.S. cities measure particulates only every sixth day - too infrequently, Schwartz says, to identify acute changes in mortality. While analyzing the London data, Schwartz learned that Philadelphia and Steubenvitle, Ohio, had 10 years' worth of daily particulate readings. He looked at their weather, pollution and daily mortal- ity, and again found a clear, statistically significant association between in- creased "total suspended particulates" one day and elevated mortality the next. "Part of the reason nobody round this association before is simply because the statistical techniques required to do the analysis [for small populations or data sets] are quite difficult," says C. Arden . j"2 .':', ,\C ~ '1 '1i~. 212 A-fu:. J-- Me..d.; " A bright spot in Hubble's.. troubled eye Flawed, yes, bul the Hubble ~SpQce Telescope nonetheless pro- vides the sharpest images of Mars::: yei token. from Earth's vicinity.~1l" can capture details about 50 kilo- meters across, compared with the 150.km resolution of ground- based photos. A seven-member team led by Philip James of the UniversitY-,Qf~_ Toledo in Ohio now plans peri- . odic Hubble observations for:Q, long-term study ,o(Mars': chang{, ing surface and atmosphere, in~:. eluding its occasional globaldust, storms. ,-~-:t'~:;a The Iirst lmage.;iti;the series;': made Dec."J3.'and~-released last: month, shows Syrtis'Major Plan-. itia (dark area, middle). Such Martian dark regions appear covered with coarse sand grains about 100 microns across, says Steve Lee of the University of Colorado in Boulder; the lighter surface apparently consists of dust particles no bigger than I micron. The light-blue feature along the pictures upper-right edge represents a "'hood" of water ice in the atmosphere above the Martian north pole, extending to Q height of 10 kilometers or more. Using ultraviolet fillers, Ihe team has also produced what one member calls the first ozone map of Mars. ~ SCIENCE NEWS, VOL. 139 .... -ONTROl MEASURE &1 '& \~" Existing SIP Use of hard, clean sand More street sweeping More frequent Galena St shuttle Additional buses Voluntary no-drive days Paid parking, resident permit parking Voluntary no-burn days M-~~ f sip worksheet EFFECTIVENESS lbs/Day PM-10 Reduction no additional credit 246 24 included in paid parking o 769 35 Proposed Additional SIP Control Measures Intercept lot Main St bus priority lane Park 'n rides downvalley Shuttles from intercept lot Event strategies Paving bus pullouts and shoulders 165 53 included in additional buses included in intercept lot assumed snow-covered .' eeded 1369 I 'hieved with above 1292 '~ Other possible control measures Commit to less sand 575 Require studded tires no additional credit achieved with commitment to sand 1867 NOTE: credit for committing to sand less assumes COOT and Pitkin County also participate ~.'.'.. &1 ~ Page 1 . tl I' """.. VIII MEMORANDUM TO: Mayor and Council V THRU: Amy Margerum, City Manager THRU: Tom Dunlop, Environmental Health Directo:t~ FROM: Lee Cassin, Environmental Health CJ(fC DATE: July 29, 1993 RE : Additional Required PM10 Implementation Plan for state Control Measures ----------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY: The Aspen/Pitkin County fine particulate matter (PM,o) state Implementation Plan (SIP) was adopted by the Aspen city Council, Board of County Commissioners and Colorado Air Quality Control Commission (AQCC). It was recognized that improved data was needed in order to be confident the plan would work to reduce PM,o' This SIP contained language committing the Colorado Air Pollution Control Division (APCD) to perform additional studies to improve its data and then to revise the SIP if "necessary. to demonstrate attainment and maintenance of the PM,o standards". The APCD has completed this analysis and determined that additional control measures are necessary to attain the PM,o health standards. These additional measures must be implemented by December 10, 1993. The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) also require us to adopt a set of "contingency measures" which will automatically go into effect in 1995 if we implement our SIP and still do not comply with the PM, 0 standards by December 31, 1994. The attached resolution adopts the proposed additional control measures (See Attachment A) and contingency measures (See Attachment B). In addition, new research is showing that particulate pollution is more dangerous than previously realized. As a consequence, it is likely that the health standard will be revised (made more strict) in the near future. Staff is recommending Council adoption of the attached additional and contingency control measures. These include an intercept lot, shuttles to town from the intercept lot, park 'n ride lots, re- defined paid parking area, bus-priority lanes on Main st. during peak rush hours, paving of certain bus pullouts and shoulders in the County, sweeping of five intersections in the County, special measures during the period preceding President's weekend, and a commitment to use less sand. PREVIOUS COUNCIL ACTION: The Aspen City council and Board. of County Commissioners adopted the Aspen/Pitkin County PM,o State Implementation Plan (SIP) on first reading in October of 1992 and on final reading in December 1992 and January 1993. The Colorado e%. \'\c.: .". ili' It \" '~, "I ~.... R' !~! \;t- '" Air Quality Control Commission (AQCC) adopted the Aspen SIP for public hearing in October 1992 and its final adoption was in January 1993. The Aspen/Pitkin County SIP regulation is now state law. Council discussed these issues at the July 26, 1993 meeting, which included information provided by Mike Silverstein, Senior Planner for the APCD. Staff was asked to research additional measures and possible credits for each, including commitment by the city to sand no more than a given amount per year, "event" strategies targeted at busy weeks, requiring studded snow tires. EPA will not be able to rule our SIP "adequate" until the required additional control measures are adopted. BACKGROUND: Attached is some background information on recent epidemiology studies that have greatly increased scientific concern about the health effects of PM,o' (Although the first article refers to "soot", the original research articles looked at overall PM,o levels, without looking at different chemical compositions of particles. The term "soot" is used because people are familiar with the word, whereas many people are not familiar with the term, "PM,o". While Aspen I s PMlO may contain more toxic particles than those present in other areas, such as those associated with silicosis, and less toxic particles than in other areas, there is no information yet on this question.) These studies (See Attachment C and Attachment D) have shown that death rates in a variety of cities correlate exactly with PMlO levels (but not with levels of any other type of air pollution). The increase in death rates was found at PM,o levels well below the federal health standard, indicating that the standard is not nearly strict enough. This has led epidemiologists to consider that the health risk of PMlO has been underestimated and that it is more serious than previously thought. As pointed out by Mr. Silverstein, the studies noted that hospital admission rates increased at levels which are exceeded dozens of times in Aspen in the winter. As noted in the attached articles, the number of deaths attributed to PM, 0 indicates that up to 60,000 Americans die each year from exposure to PMlO at levels below the standard. These are levels reached in Aspen dozens of times during the winter months. The studies concluded that the number of deaths attributed to these levels of PMlO, which were once considered relatively low, would make it the main environmental hazard Americans are involuntarily exposed to. The environmental health department's concern is with the health impacts research, and not with the legal concerns imposed by the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990. This leads us to focus on the need to reduce PM,o levels on many days in the winter when the scientific research indicates public health is at risk, and to not <<:I ~ <<:I ~ <<:I ~ .; \~ " !Il.'... \;- ~t< ~. IX,..... ~, , ,~ ',I \. focus narrowly on violation days only. We continue to receive comments to the effect that instead of considering traffic reduction measures, we should sweep the streets or use less sand. These measures are already being implemented by the city, the former in the SIP and the latter as a city policy. We are already being given credit for city and CDOT sweeping programs. Since these measures are already "givens", they are not included in our discussion of additional measures. However, at the last meeting, Council asked us to pursue even further options to possibly allow use of less sand. Summary of Aspen SIP: As a review, the Aspen SIP contains the following measures, all of which must be implemented by December 10, 1993. o use of the hardest, cleanest available street sand o enhanced street cleaning program (new equipment, minimum cleaning frequency) o voluntary no-drive program on high pollution days (with minimum required participation) o increased frequency of Galena st. Shuttle o additional buses serving downvalley and in-town routes o paid parking in the commercial downtown core, resident-permit parking in surrounding residential areas o voluntary no-burn program on high pollution days In addition, we have to continue to enforce existing laws which prevent pollution from increasing (for example, laws limiting the types of fireplaces, woodstoves and restaurant charbroilers). PROBLEM DISCUSSION The additional SIP measures must be implemented Dec. 10, 1993 just as must the measures already in our SIP. (The Clean Air Act sets the deadlines, and there are no provisions for delays.) Contingency measures automatically go into effect "immediately" in 1995 if we have three or more violations of the PM,o standard in 1994. The required control measures must achieve an additional 20% of the PM,o reductions already in the SIP for 1994 and 23% for 1997. Contingency measures must bring about a further PM,o reduction of 25% of what was already in the SIP. possible Additional and Contingency Measures: Since additional measures are needed so quickly, staff analyzed the effectiveness of some of the measures which have already been adopted as part of the Aspen Area community Plan Transportation element, to see if programs already planned by Council could achieve the required PM10 reductions. Staff also considered measure~ which other entities may need to undertake in order for the Transportation Plan to be effective. As a result of the last Council meeting, staff also additional possible control measures. As a result of the ". analyz~ Board <ll<f rd ~ '. ~,~.- ,. j ~, !f '\. - County commissioners meeting, we added sweeping of some shoulders near the AABC, and "event strategies", special measures to be implemented during Christmas and Presidents week. staff recommends the following as additional and contingency control measures. 1. Construction and operation of park-n-ridelots between Glenwood Springs and Buttermilk by the Colorado Department of Transportation and the Roaring Fork Transit Agency. 2. Construction and operation of an intercept lot in the Airport/Buttermilk and/or Brush Creek Road area. 3. Operation of frequent shuttles between the intercept lot and Aspen. 4. The re-defined paid parking area. 5. Bus-priority lanes on Main st. during peak congestion times of day 6. Paving of bus pullouts within the nonattainment area (three this year and three more as contingency measures) and shoulders (Aspen Airport Business Center turnoff unpaved shoulder to be eliminated this year, Owl Creek Road unpaved shoulder will be eliminated as contingency measures). 7. Sweeping of five intersections in the County which are heavily sanded and have high traffic counts (Maroon Creek and Highway 82, Castle Creek and Hospital road, Maroon Creek and lower High School Road, Maroon Creek and Upper High School Road, and Maroon Creek Road at the 90-degree turn by the track. 8. Additional measures will be implemented during President's week, including as much sweeping as possible (or less plowing if warm weather threatens to dry the roads), a joint effort by RFTA and the Aspen Skiing Company to allow skier shuttle buses to serve the general public, thus greatly increasing frequency of bus service between Aspen and Snowmass Village, and a special public awareness effort. 9. At Council's request, Mike Silverstein calculated the effectiveness of a commitment to use less sand. He used a figure of 20% less sand, similar to the approach used in Denver for its SIP. This was a number that staff felt was possible and still left a margin for using more sand if safety required it if we had a winter with an unexpected number of storms. This would require our committing to never use more than 80% of the sand we used in 1990. Jack Reid had a concern that if we get "glazes", liquid de-icer won't work. There are situations where we don't have a choice of not using sand. If we had a string of those days in the winter, we would have to use more sand than expected. .i~.. ~. }'; \\, However, Jack feels that 20% less than used in 1990 still leaves us enough margin for high-snow years. Additional Strateqies Council Requested be Analvzed: 1. Use of studded tires. The concept would be either that studded tires are required all winter (the theory being that perhaps less sand can be put down) or that studded tires are required on snowy days, again the theory being that it might be possible to use less sand. Jack Reid feels that this would not allow him to use any less sand than he is now using and can commit to as above. Jed indicated that the citv probably have no legal authority to require studded tires, but Mike Silverstein felt that through the SIP process, the state could require studded tires in Aspen if this allowed us to use less sand and if it were a measure local entities wanted to implement. Attachment E provides a summary of costs and effectiveness of each proposed measure. ALTERNATIVES: Other alternatives were considered but not included for various reasons. These are more stringent woodburning controls (which we do not recommend because they ,yjdress such a small portion of the problem), additional street s'^'eeping beyond what is already in the SIP (while we recommend as much street sweeping as physically possible, the city has already committed to sweeping as frequently as weather allows, and staff would be concerned about committing to more sweeping than can be done. In addition, sweeping addresses one of the symptoms of traffic, while not addressing the underlying cause, and if it were relied on as the primary PM,o reduction measure, more and more sweeping would be required to keep up with increasing traffic.) constructing HOV lanes or a fixed guideway system were omitted although it is likely that they will be constructed, because they cannot be implemented quickly enough. CAAB also plans to pursue several other approaches which would be implemented locally, but not made part of SIP or contingency measures. These include carpool incentives and school vanpool service to after-school activities. FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS: There are significant costs to these measures, but except for HOV lanes on Main st., they are part of the Transportation Plan, and are being budgeted by Council separately or are to be implemented by other entities. ADVISORY COMMITTEE VOTE: At its June 9 meeting, the CAAB endorsed investigation of and pursuing the suggested options for contingency measures, as well as pursuing several others apart from the SIP. RECOMMENDATION: We recommend that Council adopt additional SIP .Ii \ "~ .' \~", " \'\ I" -,\,,~~ ~'..'" ( . " control measures and contingency measures as listed above and in Attachments A and B. PROPOSED MOTION: I move to adopt Resolution No. 22- adopting the attached SIP control measures to be implemented on or before Dec. 10, 1993, and contingency measures to be implemented immediately after December 31, 1994 if Aspen is not in compliance with federal PM,o standards. CITY MANAGER RECOMMENDATIONS: