Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutagenda.council.worksession.20100525 MEMORANDUM TO: Mayor and City Council FROM: John Krueger, Lynn Rumbaugh -Transportation RE: Bus Rapid Transit Update DATE: May 21, 2010 MEETING DATE: May 25, 2010 SUMMARY AND REQUEST OF CITY COUNCIL At the May 25 meeting, City and RFTA staff will provide Council with an overview of routing and bus stop options within Aspen connected with the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) project. Additionally, the effect that BRT routing options could have on existing transit services and bus stops, along with BRT-related bus parking and staging at Rubey Park will be discussed. No decisions will be requested at this meeting. A follow up meeting is scheduled for June 21, at which staff will ask Council to provide direction on BRT routing. Staff does request that Council provide direction on any additional information needed to facilitate a decision on BRT bus routing. A decision is needed on this timeline in order to finalize project plans for submission to the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) in August. PREVIOUS COUNCIL ACTION • In 2006, Council, along with the EOTC, approved the implementation of the Main Street bus lane which opened in summer 2006. • In 2007, Council, along with the EOTC, approved funding for the Hwy 82 bus lanes which opened in the fall of 2008. • Over the past several years, Council has kept abreast of the BRT project through a variety of work sessions, public meetings, EOTC meetings and RFTA Board meetings, most recently a series of open houses held in February and small group meetings held in April and May. BACKGROUND In 2006, RFTA adopted a vision statement that tasked the entity with implementing BRT by 2017. After developing a service plan, station concepts and funding plan, RFTA submitted a FTA Very Small Starts grant application in August 2008. In December 2008, FTA approved the application. Also in 2008, voters voiced their support for the BRT project by approving a 0.4oTo sales and use tax increase and $44.55 million in bonding authority. In 2009, RFTA obtained bond proceeds for its local share of the project's cost, as well as funding that will enable it to improve the Glenwood Springs bus maintenance facility. The Federal share of $25 million is included in President Obama's FY2011 budget. The project continues to move forward with implementation planned to begin next year Opening day is currently estimated to be in the fall of 2013. See Attachment C for supplemental information about the BRT project. DISCUSSION The issues discussed below are for Council's background. Staff will return to Council on June 21 to receive further direction on two of these issues. 1. BRT Bus Routing in Aspen (Inbound) At the June 21 meeting, Council will be asked to provide direction on the routing of inbound BRT buses. The majority of Rubey Park-bound buses currently turn from Main Street onto Spring Street. Garmisch Street is used as a secondary means of accessing Rubey Park for the Aspen-Snowmass Direct bus, skier shuttles and a handful of other services. Outbound buses use Aspen Street almost exclusively. Aspen Street is also the planned outbound route for BRT buses. 2 >i~ high seasons, approximately 500 inbound and outbound buses per day travel through Aspen, most of which are using Spring Street to reach Rubey Park. The current BRT plan will increase bus traffic by approximately nine percent. When considering how to rot-te these vehicles, it is important to consider the following: • Time savings: In keeping with the nature of BRT service, it is important to minimize the amount of time needed to reach Rubey Park. • Proximity: Routing that allows passengers to exit as close to their intended destination as possible is preferable. Typically, amaximum'/a-mile walking distance is considered optimal. • Neighborhood impacts: It is important to weigh the impacts of the best operational route versus the impact of additional traffic on local streets. • Operational impacts: Routing that avoids impacts to bus operations and operating costs is preferable. Routes that avoid traffic conflicts and provide simple maneuvering will reduce costs. Operating costs will increase as route time increases. • Parking impacts: Routing that minimizing the elimination of parking is preferable. The following pages provide a map and two tables that summarize the identified options for inbound BRT travel. With these issues in mind, staff would like Council's input on any further information that would assist with decision making that could be provided for the June 21 meeting. RFTA prefers the Garmisch routing option for BRT because it best meets the evaluation criteria. More information is available in Attachment A. 3 Aspen Inbound Route Options ~ _.,h, Downtown BRT Options Spring St ~GannlSCh St Aspen St ~~ Monarch St Inbound Option Evaluation Chart Evaluation Criteria Option 1 Inbound Spring Outbound Aspen I Option 2 I ~ Inbound Gannisch ~ I Outbound Aspen I Option 3 Inhound Aspen Outbound Aspen I Option d ~ inbound b~ionarct~ I Outbound Aspen Bus V~tumes ~`? I I '' I ;' '~ Transit Tray-ei Times ~ I ~ I ~ w), ,~ I ' ° Accessibility to Destinations /' ~ t,,;,! I ~ I ' `~ ~ ' I `-=`' COST Q I ~ I Q I Operating Issues ~ I I I Q I ~ I I Parking ~ I I I O I ~ I I Legend a JU'"E'.Vh,~i'„r;jij i r~f~(ICt O `.''r`0!'SC (Ulti ll!??8f'.~t 6f C!'i'.2!'lel 4 4 Inbound Option Pros & Cons Street Pros Cons Garmisch Fastest inbound option. No formal bus stop at Gaimisch/Main. Avoids signals at Aspen, Monarch, Mill and Possible loss of parking space. Galena Streets. Avoids conflicts with angled parking. Traffic on Gumisch is not congested. Aspen Utilizes existing Paepcke Park bus stop. Requires elimination of parking. Avoids signals at Monarch, Mill and Galena Concenhates bus taffic on this street. Streets. Curb radius creates operational issues. Possible loss of up to two parking spaces. Grade and cross-slope issues at Durant Avenue. Monarch Not currently used for inbound buses with Delays at Aspen and Monu'ch signals. the exception of Cross Town Shuttle. Angled parking areas may create conflicts. Avoids signals at Mill and Galena Streets. Possible loss of parking spaces for tern onto Brings BRT service into the core. Monarch and possible passenger drop off. Busy pedestrian area. High accident location in winter (corner Monarch/Durant). Spring Drivers/passengers are used to this route. Estimated 5-15 minute delay to BRT. Brings BRT service into the core. Delays at Aspen, Monarch, Mill and Galena Serves popular Local's Corner bus stop. signals. Major delay @ Gondola Plaza in peak seasons. Adds significant annual operating costs. Additional bus purchase needed. Pedestrian/traffic conflicts @ Gondola Plaza. Angled parking areas may create conflicts. 5 5 2. BRT Bus Stops in Aspen The BRT system is intended to offer minimal stop locations in order to provide the fastest possible travel time between Glenwood Springs and Aspen. In order to keep the service as rapid as promised, and meet FTA BRT requirements, it is necessary to eliminate some level of convenience in terms of drop off points. It is important to note, however, that existing stops not served by BRT will continue to be served by RFTA Local and/or Express buses. In addition, the time savings realized by faster BRT service should more than offset most riders' additional walking time. Identified stops/stations in the greater Aspen area currently include Brush Creek, AABC, Buttermilk and Rubey Park (see Attachment B). RFTA's preferred Garmisch inbound routing option is planned to serve a new Garmisch stop. RFTA is also exploring BRT stops at Main and 8`h and at the Maroon Creek Kiss & Ride. While not a part of the current BRT service plan, these stops may be added in the future as the plan is refined, and more is known about BRT travel times. These and other stop locations that are being discussed by City staff and RFTA are listed below along with pros and cons. No Council decision is required at this time. Staff and RFTA will come back to Council at a future date to discuss this issue further. 6 Location Pros Cons Kiss & Ride Existing stop. Time consuming for buses to exit onto Maroon Good infrastructure/ped crossing. Creek Road. Connection to Castle/Maroon Creek Rd. 8" Street Existing stop. Poor pedestrian crossing. Connection to Castle/Maroon Creek Rd. Congested area. Connection to skier and local services. Main/Garmisch Existing, popular stop (Paepcke Park). No formal stop currently. Close to employer/daycare locations. Formal stop possibly requires removal of one Short walk to core and West End. parking space. Paepcke Pazk Existing stop. Poor pedestrian crossing. Close to employer/daycare locations. Short walk to core. Main/Galena Existing stop. Operational and timing issues -see page 4. (Local's Corner) Short walk to core/Rio Grande areas. 7 3. BRT Bus Staging/Aarking in Aspen Cunently, only twelve staging areas and six diagonal parking spaces are available at Rubey Park, a transit center that serves approximately 500 inbound and outbound vehicles over the course of a single day. The current bus parking and staging capacity is insufficient, which will be exacerbated by additional BRT service. Due to the limited staging at Rubey Park, drivers are often forced to make use of staging areas designated for other buses, or even unload in non-designated areas creating time-consuming backups as well as passenger confusion and hazardous conflicts between buses and pedestrians. The lack of staging/parking space at Rubey Park becomes a problem for other neighborhoods, specifically the area around Koch Lumber Park where buses are often forced to park while waiting for a slot to open at Rubey Park. No Council decision is required at this time. Staff and RFTA will return to Council to discuss this issue further. FINANCIAL IMPACT None at this time. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT BRT implementation is expected to result in substantial positive environmental impacts including increased u-ansit usage, decreased SOV reliance, reduced oil dependence and improved air quality. RECOMMENDED ACTION Staff recommendations will be brought forward at the June 21 meeting ATTACHMENTS Attachment A: Aspen Routing Comparison Attachment B: BRT Station Locations Attachment C: RFTA BRT Update Summary ATTACHMENT A ASPEN ROUTING COMPARISON .....:~, Memorandum VelociRFTA Bus Rapid Transit Project V e ~ ~ L:1 RFl/1 FAST. FUN. FREQUENT. Subject: Aspen Routing Comparison Date: 5/12/10 -DRAFT The primary station for VelociRFTA will be at the Rubey Park transit center and a secondary stop will be at Paepcke Park on Main Street. There are several options for routing in Aspen with differing advantages. The following is a summary of the comparative evaluation of the BRT routing in the City of Aspen. Four routing options were identified. The routing options vary by the streets that would be used to connect Main Street and Durant Street, as follows: 1. Maintaining the current routing using Spring Street inbound and Aspen Street outbound. 2. Using Garmisch Street inbound and Aspen Street outbound. 3. Using Aspen Street both inbound and outbound. 4. Using Monarch Street inbound and Aspen Street outbound. Six criteria were used for the evaluation: 1. Bus volumes -does the option continue the practice of dispersing bus trips among multiple streets? 2. Transit Travel Times -does the option allow for short travel times in keeping with the Bus Rapid Transit concept? 3. Accessibility to destinations -does the option provide service within reasonable walking distance for key destinations in the City? 4. Operating and Capital Cost -does the option avoid additional capital and operating costs? 5. Operating Issues -does the option avoid introducing transit operating issues? 6. Parking Impacts -does the option avoid parking impacts? 9 9 Table 1. Aspen Routing Options Evaluation Summary Option 1 I Option 2 I Option 3 I Option ~# Bus Volumes ~ ~ Q i ~ ~ Transit Travel Times ~ I ~ I O ~ I Accessibility to Destinations O I O © I (~ I y Cost ~ j Q // I V I Operating Issues O Q ~ Parking O I I O I I ~ I I Bestfu~HmerN of crirer,a SamewhatfufiiNscnre~= WorstfulfiQmeMofrnr_ .a Bus Volumes There are over 1,000 bus trips in and out of the Rubey Park transit center every day during the peak season. Most of these trips use Main Street and all of the trips use Durant Street to access the transit center. It has been the practice to use multiple streets between Main and Durant to avoid congesting any of the available streets with bus traffic. Although the implementation of VelociRFTA BRT only increases bus volumes by about eight percent, continuing the practice of using multiple streets has been established as an objective. Table 2 is a summary of the current bus volumes on the connecting streets, and with BRT for options 1 through 4. Option 3, using Aspen in both directions, results in a greater concentration of buses on Aspen Street. The other options do meet the objective of spreading the bus trips over the four streets. Table 2. Aspen Routing Options Bus Volumes Daily Bus Trips Peak Season 233 i 233 i 3G5 i 233 i 233 3S7 ~ __;~ ~ ^; ~ ~ 5Q7 ~ u3A i14 I _iG I 11C 1 i1t: I i33 3G5 i 3=~ ~ 27; i 279 j 279 10 10 Transit Travel Times Travel times are very important for two reasons; 1) the attractiveness of the service and 2) travel time is a factor in operating cost. Any of the options that use streets west of Rubey Park (Garmisch, Aspen or Monarch) have similar travel times and are suitable for the "rapid" transit service. The use of Spring Street is estimated to have a longer travel time by at least five minutes, and considerably more in congested time periods. The addition travel time results from the greater distance, the additional traffic signals east of Aspen Street, the congestion along Spring Street, and the congestion on Durant at the base of the gondola. The later situation particularly can result in additional delays of up to 15 minutes at certain times of the day. This variability leads to unreliable travel times which make the service less attractive, and potentially more costly to operate. Accessibility to Destinations The City of Aspen is a compact and very walkable community. As such, the key destinations in Aspen can be easily served by any of the routing options. Moreover, the availability of the Aspen shuttle services, all emanating from Rubey Park, provide other options for reaching additional parts of the City via transferring to these local routes. Typically transit patrons can be expected to walk between ~/a and '/z mile to and from bus stops, a walk of five to twelve minutes. In an environment like Aspen, individuals will more readily walk greater distances. 11 Figure 1 shows the coverage areas for BRT stops at Rubey Park and Paepcke Park. Virtually the entire City is within an easy walk of the two stops. Option 1 can provide marginally better accessibility to destinations in the vicinity of "Locals Corner" because the routing via Spring Street totally penetrates the downtown employment area. This would however require an additional stop. Cost Considerations As previously mentioned, transit travel time is a determinant of transit operating and maintenance costs. It can also affect capital costs because the number of buses required to maintain a specific service frequency is a function of travel time. It is estimated that options 2, 3 and 4 are the same with respect to cost because transit travel time is similar for these options. However, the additional time and variability associated with Option 1 would require RFTA to operate an additional bus at least during the daytime during the peak seasons. The estimated increase in operating cost is between $350,000 and $560,000 annually depending on whether the additional bus is needed only during the winter season, or during the summer season as well. In additional to the operating cost increase RFTA would have to acquire one additional bus with a cost of $425,000 in 2010 dollars. 12 12 Operating Issues The operating issues relate to any difficulties RFTA buses would have making turns and maneuvering in traffic. The increased frequency of BRT buses and the increased expectation of service reliability make avoidance of bus -traffic conflicts more important. Option 1 has operating issues not shared with the other options: • Traffic congestion and delays on Main Street east of Monarch, along Spring Street and on Durant near the gondola. Pedestrian conflicts are prevalent near the gondola. • Lane limitations and conflicts with autos in the diagonal parking areas between Hyman and Cooper along Spring Street create conflicts with buses due to autos backing out of parking spaces. Typically streets with diagonal parking are not preferred for high frequency bus operations. Option 3 has a problem at the Aspen -Main intersection. Inbound buses would not be able to make the right turn on to Aspen Street if a bus or other vehicle was waiting for the traffic signal northbound on Aspen due to the tight curb radius. The solution would be to prohibit parking on Aspen on one or both sides of the street at the intersection, and widen the curb radius at the corner. This could encroach slightly on the Park. Option 4, use of Monarch, would have operating problems resulting from the diagonal parking along the west side of Monarch for most of its length. In addition, Monarch has heavy pedestrian traffic increasing conflicts for buses. Parking Impacts Parking obviously is very important in Aspen; the routing should avoid or limit impacts on parking spaces. Option 3 would require the elimination of approximately on street parallel spaces on Aspen Street at the Main Street intersection. Options 1 and 4 could result in the reduction of parking resulting from the conversion of diagonal parking to parallel parking. The diagonal parking should be eliminated if either Spring Street or Monarch were used for BRT. Option 2 could result in the elimination of one of the perpendicular spaces on the west side of Garmisch at Main Street. 13 13 ATTACHMENT B BRT STATION LOCATIONS South Glenwood Carbondale Park & Rlde -°,~~ • BRT Station Site ,.,~: ~ BRT Route Ve'Q`+~ '~ ~~'j'^ ~,J E1lebel Park & Ride W111fts Tn~o Rivers Qu?ualumR~t Basalt Park & Rlde .intercept [ot (Brush Creek & Hwy 821 / MMD\. ~~ 1 E Buttermilk Rubey Dark Transit Center 14 14 ATTACHMENT C RFTA BRT UPDATE SUMMARY 15 15 •V nV ~ ~--i w .~ L ~ '~ o Q 0 ~ ~ '- O fJ~ ~ W (I ~ a~ c~ F- Q LL o -- ~ U ~ O '~ ~ o ~ ~ C .~ 0 ~U C 0 U .,_~ U Q 0 0 N N 16 N v .N L L w ca t3 a -F-+ .~ U L -1-.+ -~--+ tCf c~ O U U a~ i O .~ L .~-.+ _O O c a Q N .~ _~ {~~.~L. T O 0 .~ 0 U N (a N 4- 0 -1--+ U (~ N i .~ N U a~ 4- O .~ 0 0 a~ C W U U 0 ca ca O O ~. Q N .~ C 0 a~ 0 W L L U L Q O i^-~,+ W a~ .~ .~ .~ 0 1 -F--+ U c~ a N (~ c 17 ~~•~• .y R L Inf. m t ~'S' U N .~ N O U C (6 (t3 N C6 L +-• L -1.-+ 0 ~_ ~U Q c6 U -i--+ -F-.+ U N (~ .~ .~ L ,}r 0 a O 0 a U C N .~ O CI3 O O U L O C Q _O N N O (6 -F-+ L 0 Q.~ -f-+ Q .~ U 4- 0 U a~ 0 18 N _,C L a--~ ~ (Ci N ~ ~ N ~ O "~ ~ ~ ~ ~ +.. N .~ O ~ _N ~ ~ ~ ~ O M U . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d- ~ (~ ~ • ~ L- O ~• ~ ~ ~ ~ U C ~ ~ ~ ~ N ~ (A ~ ~ ~ ~ _ _ ~ ~ N `~ 4- ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ (%j O N O O el ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1.1.. ~. f1) ~ ~ ~ C N U ~ - i ~ ~ ~ ~. _ . ~ ~ ~ ~ (n . ~ ~ ~ p ° ~ cfS ~ ~ O ~ ~ ° i ~ ~ ~ c7 _ ~ _ °' o ~ °' ~ CO L.' '+_ ~ ° c ~ s ~ 0 0~ ~ = I- fn J to LL (n W J J ~ G m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ • ~ • ~ 19 N 0 L a 0 C~ G Q. O m O L Q O. p a a cn O ~ on N ~ c ~, m ~ t.' ~ p v ~ coo = '^ . ~- fl. a o ~ ~ ~ C ~ o ~ a N Q ~ ~ ~o j ~~ v a ~ M ~ v • 00 • O ~ ~ a ~ a c0 v ~ vi io Q O c +~ O ~ m H ~ ~ '~, ` `~ ~ ~ ,~ ~~, ~«- a c °o o ~° N v N • ~ L U Q ` L N ni a cn C v ~ H > G L O 'a 1 O N ~ v ~ ~ ~ L (, • ~ a°1i ~ ~ ++ ,i ~ N o ~ a~i O L d • .` L O V ~"'~ M ri O N ~ ~ ~ ~ ~. a~ O N a , -~ v O O i N r-i N o. ~ ~ ~ E a ~ p ~ = O V ~ i..~ O N v p -a ~ ~ a ~ H C • ii G i +' ~ +~ ~ v ~ ~ ~ v c ~ ~ +~+ O N oA ~ ~ ;~ ~ i ~ Cl d1 U ~ ~ Q' ~ ~ ~ Q = L c0 ~ d p f0 ~ O tv0 ~ c v a, a •~ V Q CY ii v ,n v ~ ~ 'N ~ • L d ,^ QJ O ~ • `n • a ` _ ~ ~ L .p ~ ~ ~ ~ U ++ V1 d ~ ~ C j O O on c y ~ nn ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ N !CV j ~ p~ '~ O ~j Q w m tlA ~ ~ Q ~ ~ Q~ m ~ p c Z N Cul N ~ ~ ,a; oA • ~ u ~ w O ~ ~ ca p. a ~ • U ~ • ~ p • -~ U • 20 C C LL c N N O U O .}-, .~ .~ Q CCf -~ L1) a~ 0 ~r 0 U Q L~L ~U O N Q LL a a~ r O U O (~ m U L,() N O 4- O L (a v ~7 O ~ C '~ C O N (0 ~ ~ . ~ p 0 .~ N ~ N ~ . ~ _~ ~ ~ N V f~ ~ O L Q U ~ . ~ O Q. Q ~ ~--• O ~ ~ ~ ~ Q~ ~ ~-- ~ U O ~ ~ ~ Q. 21 .~ m ~~ L 0 0 .~ +~+ f N ~ ~ ~ ~ O L ° Q ~ s ~ .V o ~ ~ ~, '~ ~ ~n m v~ o~ . . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L ~ t~ ~ W ~ O Q o m ~ Y ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ Q U_ ~ .. 22 C N U O ~ i '~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Q ~ ' U ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ '~ . L O Q ~_ ~ J VJ ~ • f ~~/ ~ ~ L 1"~ ~ Q~ ~ ~ a--I ~ W ^W ~ ~ ~ ~~y~y LL Q i~- O ~ I I I ~ ( U ~ n m ~ 23 •p $ ~ .a ~~~~ a ~ 7i~! 4 n ~ 3t 2' ~ ~ C ~ 3~~Y ~ .x O p A L!^!; ~~ h'~_ LL ~'s o,~ . .~ J:.: L .Y ~~a r e'~ s ~~ ~~~ u ~i LL W _ ¢ n s h c~ R'=; m ~'~ ~ f, Z ^ ~ .ti .. Y / t ' w ^ ^~ L V L ~ ~ .~ ~ ~ ~ _ .~ ~- L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I U ~ ~ I ~G ~ ~ _ I ~ NN ~ I.J. ~ ~ ~ LL I ~ lL I ,~ N L I m ~ • ~ 24 l P ~~ i =.~ =~~3 o ~ ~; E"- ~;, ~ p ~,=r~±. .~ O m Q~ V .~ L ._ .~ 4~ L ~. ~+ '~ .Y N N L ca a~ U .~ c a C ~ •~ ~ • v ~--~ O ~ ~_ ~ '~ _ v ~' O ~ v > v v > ~` v v y v .~C tD ~ ~ `"' ~© 0 ~ ~~ ~ v ~ ~_ ~ ~ ~ Q w C N ~l Q C _N m S Q N N .~ O N N 0 U U •L 0 O a--~ .~ .a A U .~ • 25 ~~ ~. ,: ~- ~~` 4 1 { %~ 47 ~4 -. ~. 4 L4- . ~ 5 ~+ ~~ ~ 1 ! I 26 _0 Q. .~ a as c~ a~ N Q d O ._ .«+ V ._ .a N 'i .~. 0 I I~ I r I ~ ~~ ~. -~ ~s s ~.. ~ ';~' ~ ~~ rx 1 ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~° It ~~ +'~ .~ C ~ ~ L '~ ~ L ~ ~ ~ D ~ p Q +r W +r C L ~ o ca U ~ o ~ ~ ~> m ~ L O h m U? W O Y ~ I I ~ ~ ~ Q O ~ N ~ ~ o -~ ~ ~ ~~, ,~ N ~ ~_ ~~ ~ N ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ cn ~ L ~ ~ m ~ o 2 a ~ ° ~ ~ W ~ ~ ~ ° ° a~ O (U c O ~ U C ~ ~ ~ I I I J V • • C 4= O .F... (~ L O Q L .~ O ~ ~~ Q. Q~ -1--+ ^~ O W c~ U ~ ~~ z7 V •~ O _~ .O a~ O (n .~ O ~. _Q L '~ .~ U c m a ~ O ~ ~ O ~ U ~ ~ 'p C N O ~ U ~ ~ tD ~L O ' ~ (~ H to .~ f!) U ~_ 0 Q O V -}-+ .~ 0 U O r O N 1 U i (6 28 I, k V. O: ~: ~' d ~ C J V1 fl. c E >. o a; Y ;~ ~ `o o m ~ ~ ~ a v ~ ~ ~ m m d m ~~ _~ V Q J ~~ ~L 0 a c c c~ c 0 ._ c~ a 0 3 v ~. ~ n ,C 7 v C Y a a a d a 1 ,~ _ _~ - o .~ sa 2 O Y J y DU N L w t -- a m .x o '- 4 O _ pp ~Q _A E 2 } O d ,'^, 6 3 i ~. J _Y E m ti ~c Y 4 6+ f 29 30 A~~ 'W V C V a c 0 r~ A A~ L L a w U' Z t~/J ~ Z W fq fC ~ W J Q V1 Z W ___ Y Z Z U 44 ~ W ~___ _ J x I. m __ Z a a ~ ~ o 0 o g I ~ o ~ m I r~ ' ,. N ~ X X O x ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '~ L L ~ .~ O ~ rn U o x~ cs O i~ f~h~ 31 ~~ 33 34 N C O Q O as C C N a a~ ~ a~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ N ~ ~ ~ ~ U L ' ~ ~ ``~~ V Q cc G 35 c ~ ' ~ i ) C '% ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ cv ~ O ~ _U ~ ~. .~ U ~ N ~ '~ Q. .,... N ~ ~ .. N . _ , ~ ~ ~ ~ -~ U ~ ~ ~ U o a .~ ~ ~ II. o a m o o ~ o ,~ o o ~ CIS ~ N U ~ ~ ~ N Q ~ U ~ ~ I O I ~ • • ~ O vi N ~ _ ~~ ~ }' ~ ~ ~'--' + •a+ U N ~ ~ ' U O .,.r L ~ ~ :~, ~ o ~ ~ ,,.., ~ ~ ~ N ~ O U C ~ a-.~ N_ o ~ ~ N O c ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ :~ ~ cn o av ~ om o ~ o ~ ° ~ ~ o c ~ ~_ ° ~ ° ~ ~`• ° G~ . L O •~ ~ A W Q ~ ~ VJ W ~ • W ~ lV W v' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ L O ~ m I ~ I ~ I U I N Q • • . • 36 N _~ Q l~ W d? Q ~ o~u ~ ~ ~ ~ C ~ O ~ C 'O ~ ~ O a ~ ~ d ~+ ~ 7 C ~ .. Q ,. CCU, C 4 ;; -~ 'v c C a o _. ~ ~ ~ _ ~ ~ ~ V ~' a •~ Q C ~ .O O '~'' 7 =a ~, ~~ ~L (/1 ~d N -a ~ o o ~ ~ 3 c ~ .~ U as a m oooee oooeo 00000 o~ooe E M- c -= D 4q C N 0 0 U N m _~ m '~ Q cfi c a ~s c4 (f5 'C i.+ a.~. V U ~~,} w- O ~ ~ C _ CIS ~ ~ ~ <- m ~ ~ 37 d7 L t/1 G Q N Q r-+ L ~r i V N .~ Lw V I O Q L L '~ O C U _ ~ O L ~ }' ~ _p ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ •_~ N ~ /11 V C L ~/Q~ VJ Q t+ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O ,a U ~ ~ ~ ~, ~Q ~ ~ .; ~ ._ ~ o > ~ ~, a ~ ~, a V ~ ~ U ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ m ~ ~ ~ 38 .. s i;:, ~ ~ ~. v C tr 'h~. _f 4 f. { ~' m.. _ ,, .f z' ~. r r~ r'- ~ t {4 ~ ~ r t n {.~ ~.~~ i $` _ •'~ ~e y. - s $~~.~ - C ~ f_1 ~C ~~. (. 4' ~'1 ~ `! P -~ t ~' , 3 ,. ~ ~~. ,t a ~ ;' ~ :,~ ., `.; ;~~ -'~ " `~~~~ ~' {' ;~ T,4; w x, { - r' ik a~ r .:. -'~ '~ E' A 6. ~: - F ° ti'r. ;~~ i < <..'~. ~t.~t ._ ~e, • ~' ~~ ~ ~., sj ~. S ~/~ I ~ fit. + ~~ g. ,, ~ ,a~ `'~` Q ~ :~'- a c~-- i~ ui' ~ ~ i ~~'i: r wW W L ~ ~ 'r L V ~ U N ~ ~ ~ '~ >, ~ ~ O L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ N N ~ ~ _~ ([f U O ~ N U ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a -~ L :~ ~ ~ Q Q ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~-- L • a-~~ r ~~ a$ `~~~~ ,t x ' !" 39 ~r+ G7 L Q Q L ''i^+ vI .~ tL^ V I Q 0 L L L ~. C Y (t5 ~ L1 ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ~ U Y ~ ~~ ~ N U ~ ~ ~ ~-- N N ~ U ~ C ~ -6 . ~ Q ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~' w ~ ~ 40 .~.+~ L Q N Q r`3. L r-+ N .~ tLn V ,o .... ~} L Q~ a~ L ~,_ ,z; , , ~ ~~- r. ~'~.~~~ ,Fz` ,~ . r ~~_^. '%-~ ,>z ~ N ~ ~ ~, +' N ~ ~ O (~ ~ O ~ a_+ ~ ~ ~ C ~ ° o vi ~ ~ a i ~ U ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ O Q ¢ U I I • U 4= O U O • v `o ~ ~ ~ . .~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , U N Q Q U ~ ~ j ~ ~ „~_ 3 ~ .r.r ~ ~ m o ~ ~, ..~ ~ ~ a ~ N ~ U .~ fn (tf in ~ '~ U O ~ O O ~ I U Q I U Q I U ~ C ~ L U ~ f6 Q ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L ~ Q. a + U L ~~ m (6 ~ Q- ~ 'o m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C ~ :D ~ N L- Q Q Q ~ I I 41 ~:" ~~ .~ : ~:. ~- ~ ~ ~ U ~ CU ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .~ O (~ ~ Q 1 (~ L 0 L 0 '^ V, L ~ L ~ 1~ L.L 1 ~ U' ~ •A VCJ ~ Q AYJy ~ l~ ~ Q~ N ~ ~ W . ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~ E ~ L U H- a~ U p' cn U ~ U ~ c ~ > ~ ~ > d. ~ ~ ~ ~ c O o Q ~ Q ~ N fJ1 ~ (CS ~ Q U Q U L Q ~ cn .~ ~ ~ .~ I I I I ~ I I ,a ~ ~ • • 42